Unit 4
Selesaikan Masalah
Keluarga Hafiz bercuti di Pulau Ceria.
Pada hari pertama, mereka mahu melihat ikan dan main gelongsor air.
Ke manakah mereka pergi? Di manakah kedudukan tempat-tempat itu?
解决问题 = selesaikan masalah；度假 = bercuti；地方 = tempat
这一课把位置用在生活问题里。Hafiz 一家到一个岛上度假，岛的地图画成网格。他们第一天想看鱼、玩滑水道。我们要先想出该去哪里，再从地图读出那个地方的位置。后面还有两种情况：照活动挑衣服，以及看长途巴士的路线。
例子：想看鱼就去水族馆，再读出水族馆在哪一格。
注意：这类题的答案要有两部分：地方的名字和它的位置。
solve the problem = selesaikan masalah; go on holiday = bercuti; place = tempat
This unit uses positions to solve everyday problems. Hafiz's family is on holiday on an island whose map is drawn as a grid. On the first day they want to see fish and ride a water slide. We first decide where they should go, then read that place's position from the map. Later we choose clothes for activities and follow an express bus route.
Example: to see fish they go to the aquarium, and then we read the aquarium's box.
Watch out: the answer to these problems has two parts, the name of the place and its position.
Empat langkah
Diberi → Dicari → Cara → Semak
Langkah untuk masalah kedudukan
1. Diberi
aktiviti + peta grid
2. Dicari
nama tempat dan kedudukan
3. Cara
jadual: aktiviti → tempat → kedudukan
4. Semak
turun → huruf, kiri → nombor; ada nama + kedudukan?
Gariskan kata kunci aktiviti dalam soalan sebelum melihat peta
已知 = Diberi；所求 = Dicari；方法 = Cara；检查 = Semak；表格 = jadual
位置的应用题也用这四步。Diberi：题目给了想做的活动和一张网格地图。Dicari：要找地方的名字，还要找它的位置，两个都要。Cara：画一个表格，一栏写活动，一栏写适合的地方，一栏写位置，一行一行填。Semak：再从格子往下读字母、往左读数字核对一次，并看看答案有没有名字和位置。
例子：活动「看鱼」→ 地方「水族馆」→ 位置再从地图读出来。
注意：Dicari 这一步最容易漏，只写名字不写位置就只答了一半。
given = Diberi; to find = Dicari; method = Cara; check = Semak; table = jadual
Position word problems use the same four steps. Diberi: the question gives the activities and a grid map. Dicari: we need the name of the place and also its position, both of them. Cara: draw a table with one column for the activity, one for the suitable place and one for the position, and fill it row by row. Semak: read down for the letter and left for the number once more, and check that the answer has a name and a position.
Example: activity see fish → place aquarium → position read from the map.
Watch out: the Dicari step is the one most often missed; a name without a position is only half an answer.
Cara: jadual
Aktiviti → tempat → kedudukan
Hari pertama keluarga Hafiz
| aktiviti | tempat | kedudukan | semak |
|---|---|---|---|
| melihat ikan | 🐠 akuarium | A3 | ✓ |
| main gelongsor air | 🌊 taman air | B5 | ✓ |
活动 = aktiviti；水族馆 = akuarium；水上乐园 = taman air；核对 = semak
把题目里的两个活动写进表格。第一行：看鱼 → 水族馆 → 从地图读出 A3。第二行：玩滑水道 → 水上乐园 → 往下是 B，往左是 5，所以是 B5。最后一栏打勾，表示已经从地图核对过。如果把 B5 的字母和数字对调，就会去找 E2，那一格什么都没有。
例子：活动「看蝴蝶」→ 蝴蝶园 → E3。
注意：表格一行只写一个活动，做完一行再做下一行，不会漏。
activity = aktiviti; aquarium = akuarium; water park = taman air; check = semak
Write the two activities from the question into the table. Row one: see fish → aquarium → read A3 from the map. Row two: water slide → water park → down to B and left to 5, so B5. The last column gets a tick once we have checked it on the map. Swapping the parts of B5 would send us to E2, which is an empty box.
Example: the activity see butterflies → butterfly park → E3.
Watch out: put one activity on each row and finish a row before starting the next, so nothing is missed.
Cuba
Di manakah kedudukan dua tempat itu?
Hari kedua: mereka mahu mendaki, kemudian makan aiskrim.
爬山 = mendaki；冰淇淋店 = kedai aiskrim
先把活动换成地方：爬山去小山，吃冰淇淋去冰淇淋店。小山往下对着 D，往左对着 5，是 D5；冰淇淋店在它右边一格，是 E5。所以答案是 D5 和 E5。5D 和 5E 把数字写在前面；D1 是海滩，跟小山同一列，但在最下面一排。
例子：想住下来休息，就回酒店 B1。
注意：两个地方都要读，而且每一个都是字母在前。
climb = mendaki; ice-cream shop = kedai aiskrim
First turn the activities into places: climbing means the hill and eating ice cream means the ice-cream shop. The hill lines up with D below and 5 on the left, so it is D5, and the ice-cream shop is the next box to the right, E5. So the answer is D5 and E5. 5D and 5E put the numbers first, and D1 is the beach, in the hill's column but in the bottom row.
Example: to rest for the night they return to the hotel at B1.
Watch out: read both places, and write the letter first in each one.
Masalah 2
Pilih pakaian, cari kedudukan
Aina ke kelas renang
| aktiviti | pakaian | kedudukan |
|---|---|---|
| berenang | 🩱 baju renang | A2 |
| berenang | 🥽 gogal | A4 |
衣柜 = almari pakaian；泳衣 = baju renang；泳镜 = gogal
Aina 要去上游泳课，题目给了一个 4 × 4 的衣柜网格。先想：游泳要穿泳衣、戴泳镜。泳衣那一格往下对着 A，往左对着 2，是 A2；泳镜在同一列再往上两格，是 A4。核对时发现两样都在 lajur A，字母一样，只是数字不同。
例子：去踢球要穿运动鞋，运动鞋在 A1。
注意：一个活动可能要好几样东西，每一样都要写出位置。
wardrobe = almari pakaian; swimsuit = baju renang; goggles = gogal
Aina is going to a swimming class, and the question gives a 4 by 4 wardrobe grid. First think: swimming needs a swimsuit and goggles. The swimsuit's box lines up with A below and 2 on the left, so it is A2, and the goggles are two boxes higher in the same column, A4. Checking shows both are in column A, with the same letter and different numbers.
Example: playing football needs sports shoes, which are at A1.
Watch out: one activity may need several items, and each one needs its own position.
Cuba
Di manakah kedudukan dua barang itu?
Hari hujan: Aina membantu Ayah di kebun. Dia perlukan baju hujan dan but getah.
雨衣 = baju hujan；雨靴 = but getah
雨天到菜园帮忙，需要雨衣和雨靴。雨衣往下对着 D，往左对着 2，是 D2；雨靴在最下面一排，往下对着 B，是 B1。所以答案是 D2 和 B1。2D 和 1B 是数字写在前面；C1 是拖鞋，在雨靴旁边一格，穿拖鞋去泥地不合适。
例子：天气冷要围巾，围巾在 B3。
注意：东西挑对了还要读对位置，旁边一格的东西常常是陷阱。
raincoat = baju hujan; rubber boots = but getah
Helping in the garden on a rainy day needs a raincoat and rubber boots. The raincoat lines up with D below and 2 on the left, so it is D2, and the boots are in the bottom row above B, so they are B1. The answer is D2 and B1. 2D and 1B put the numbers first, and C1 is the slippers, the next box along, which are no good in the mud.
Example: on a cold day she would take the scarf at B3.
Watch out: after choosing the right items, read their boxes carefully; the box next door is often a trap.
Masalah 3
Laluan bas ekspres
Ikut garis putus-putus
🏙️ Bandar Mawar A1 → 🏘️ Pekan Melur B2 → 🌾 Kampung Kenanga C4 → 🏡 Pekan Teratai E3 → 🏢 Bandar Orkid E5
长途巴士 = bas ekspres；路线 = laluan；车站 = perhentian；终点 = destinasi
地图上的虚线是巴士走的路线，要照顺序看。巴士从 A1 的 Bandar Mawar 出发，第一站 Pekan Melur 在 B2，第二站 Kampung Kenanga 在 C4，第三站 Pekan Teratai 在 E3，终点 Bandar Orkid 在 E5。湖和小山不在路线上，巴士不停。
例子：问「Pekan Melur 的下一站」，就沿虚线往前走一站，是 C4。
注意：路线题要先数清楚是第几站，再读那一站的位置。
express bus = bas ekspres; route = laluan; stop = perhentian; destination = destinasi
The dashed line on the map is the bus route, and it must be followed in order. The bus leaves Bandar Mawar at A1; its first stop, Pekan Melur, is at B2, the second, Kampung Kenanga, at C4, the third, Pekan Teratai, at E3, and its destination, Bandar Orkid, is at E5. The lake and the hill are not on the route, so the bus does not stop there.
Example: the stop after Pekan Melur is one step further along the line, at C4.
Watch out: in route questions count which stop is meant before reading its position.
Cuba
Di manakah bas berhenti selepas Pekan Melur?
下一站 = perhentian selepas
Pekan Melur 在 B2，沿着虚线往前走一站，到的是 Kampung Kenanga。它往下对着 C，往左对着 4，所以答案是「Kampung Kenanga, C4」。D3 是把 C4 的字母和数字对调后读到的格子。Pekan Teratai 是再下一站，走多了一站。
例子：Bandar Mawar 的下一站是 Pekan Melur, B2。
注意：「selepas」只走一站，不要一直走到终点。
the next stop = perhentian selepas
Pekan Melur is at B2; one stop further along the dashed line is Kampung Kenanga. It lines up with C below and 4 on the left, so the answer is Kampung Kenanga, C4. D3 is the box you reach by swapping the letter and number of C4. Pekan Teratai is the stop after that, one stop too far.
Example: the stop after Bandar Mawar is Pekan Melur, B2.
Watch out: selepas means just one stop on, not all the way to the end.
Cuba
Di manakah Pak Ali turun?
Pak Ali: naik bas di Pekan Melur, turun 2 perhentian kemudian.
过两站 = 2 perhentian kemudian
Pak Ali 在 Pekan Melur 上车。往前数：第 1 站 Kampung Kenanga，第 2 站 Pekan Teratai，他在第 2 站下车。Pekan Teratai 往下对着 E，往左对着 3，所以答案是「Pekan Teratai, E3」。选 Kampung Kenanga 是只数了一站；选 Bandar Orkid 是数了三站。
例子：从 Bandar Mawar 上车，过 2 站就是 Kampung Kenanga, C4。
注意：上车的那一站不算，从下一站开始数 1。
two stops later = 2 perhentian kemudian
Pak Ali gets on at Pekan Melur. Counting forward, stop 1 is Kampung Kenanga and stop 2 is Pekan Teratai, where he gets off. Pekan Teratai lines up with E below and 3 on the left, so the answer is Pekan Teratai, E3. Choosing Kampung Kenanga counts only one stop, and Bandar Orkid counts three.
Example: getting on at Bandar Mawar, two stops later is Kampung Kenanga, C4.
Watch out: the stop where he gets on is not counted; start counting 1 at the next stop.
Padankan
Masalah dan jawapan
完整答案 = jawapan lengkap
每一题先想地方，再核对位置。看蝴蝶去蝴蝶园，在最右边一列的 E3。玩沙去海滩，在 D1。看古老的东西去博物馆，在中间的 C3。晚上休息回酒店，在 B1。右边每一张卡都有名字和位置，这就是完整的答案。
例子：「看鱼」配「水族馆, A3」。
注意：E3 和 C3 都在 baris 3，要靠字母分左右。
a complete answer = jawapan lengkap
For each problem, think of the place first and then check its position. Seeing butterflies means the butterfly park, in the right-most column at E3. Playing in the sand means the beach at D1. Looking at old things means the museum in the middle at C3. Resting at night means the hotel at B1. Every card on the right gives a name and a position, which makes a complete answer.
Example: see fish matches aquarium, A3.
Watch out: E3 and C3 are both in row 3, so the letter tells left from right.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
Diberi → Dicari → Cara (jadual) → Semak
Tukar aktiviti kepada tempat atau barang. Buat jadual: aktiviti, tempat, kedudukan. Untuk laluan, ikut urutan perhentian. Jawapan lengkap ada nama dan kedudukan.
Latihan tambahan →