Latihan tambahan

正后面 = betul-betul di belakang 以老师的桌子为参照点，沿着同一直线往后数：第 1 排是 Hana，第 2 排这一格空着，第 3 排是 Kumar。所以答案是 Kumar。Mei 在第 4 排，多数了一排；Lina 在第 2 排，而且偏右一个位子。 例子：老师桌子正后面第 1 排是 Hana。 注意：数排的时候从桌子后面第一排开始数 1，桌子本身不算。

straight behind = betul-betul di belakang Using the teacher's desk as the reference point, count backwards along the same line: row 1 is Hana, the row 2 seat in that line is empty, and row 3 is Kumar. So the answer is Kumar. Mei is in row 4, one row too many, and Lina is in row 2 and one seat to the right. Example: the person straight behind the desk in row 1 is Hana. Watch out: start counting at the first row behind the desk; the desk itself is not row 1.

往右两个位子 = 2 tempat ke kanan 先看图下面的箭头：右边是 ▶ 那一边。从老师的桌子往后到第 1 排，再往右数 2 个位子，就是 Ravi。Siti 也在第 1 排，但她在左边 2 个位子，是左右看反了。Lina 在第 2 排右边 1 个位子。 例子：第 1 排往左 2 个位子的是 Siti。 注意：左右以面向银幕的学生来看，看图上的箭头最准。

two seats to the right = 2 tempat ke kanan Check the arrow under the plan first: right is the ▶ side. Go back from the teacher's desk to row 1, then count 2 seats to the right, and you reach Ravi. Siti is also in row 1, but 2 seats to the left, so choosing her mixes up left and right. Lina is in row 2, one seat to the right. Example: the pupil 2 seats to the left in row 1 is Siti. Watch out: left and right are as the pupils facing the screen see them, so trust the arrows on the plan.

描述同学的位置 = terangkan kedudukan rakan Zul 离老师桌子有多远？往后数排：他在第 2 排。再看左右：他在老师桌子那一直线的左边一个位子。所以是「后面 2 排，往左 1 个位子」。第二个选项把左右弄反；第三个把排数和位子数对调了。 例子：Lina 是后面 2 排、往右 1 个位子。 注意：要说两件事：前后几排、左右几个位子，少一样都不完整。

describing a classmate's place = terangkan kedudukan rakan How far is Zul from the teacher's desk? Counting back, he is in row 2. Then left or right: he is one seat to the left of the desk's line. So the answer is 2 rows back, 1 seat to the left. The second option flips left and right, and the third swaps the number of rows and seats. Example: Lina is 2 rows back and 1 seat to the right. Watch out: a full description needs both parts, how many rows back and how many seats sideways.

换参照点 = tukar titik rujukan 这题的参照点不是老师的桌子，而是 Mei。Mei 在最后一排中间。她右边紧挨着的是 Jia，左边紧挨着的是 Farid，她前面一排的是 Kumar。题目问右边，所以是 Jia。 例子：Kumar 后面紧挨着的是 Mei。 注意：参照点换了，左右前后也要从新的参照点开始看。

changing the reference point = tukar titik rujukan In this question the reference point is Mei, not the teacher's desk. Mei sits in the middle of the back row. Right next to her on the right is Jia, right next to her on the left is Farid, and in the row in front of her is Kumar. The question asks for the right side, so the answer is Jia. Example: the pupil straight behind Kumar is Mei. Watch out: when the reference point changes, read left, right, front and back from the new one.

横轴 = paksi mengufuk 玩具架下面那条横的线是横轴，上面写着字母 A、B、C、D。左边竖的线是纵轴，写的是数字。所以字母在横轴上。「baris」是横行的名字，不是轴的名字。 例子：在营地网格里，A 到 E 也写在下面的横轴上。 注意：mengufuk 是平平横着，mencancang 是直直竖着，用身体比一比就记得。

horizontal axis = paksi mengufuk The flat line along the bottom of the toy shelf is the horizontal axis, and it carries the letters A, B, C and D. The upright line on the left is the vertical axis, and it carries numbers. So the letters are on the horizontal axis. Baris is the name of a row, not the name of an axis. Example: on the camp grid, A to E were also written along the bottom axis. Watch out: mengufuk means lying flat and mencancang means standing upright; show them with your arms to remember.

行 = baris 纵轴上的 1、2、3，每个数字都对着一横排玩具，这一横排叫 baris。直的一列用字母命名，叫 lajur。数字也不写在横轴上，所以「paksi mengufuk」不对。 例子：数字 2 那一横排里有机器人、拼图、溜溜球和气球。 注意：数字 → baris（横排），字母 → lajur（直列），一对一记住。

row = baris Each of the numbers 1, 2 and 3 on the vertical axis points to one flat line of toys, and that flat line is called a baris. An upright column is named by a letter and is called a lajur. The numbers are not on the horizontal axis either, so paksi mengufuk is wrong. Example: the row for the number 2 holds the robot, the jigsaw, the yo-yo and the balloon. Watch out: numbers name rows and letters name columns; learn them as a pair.

找 C2 = cari C2 在下面找到 C，沿着这一列往上走；到和左边数字 2 同一排时停下，那一格是溜溜球。鼓在 B3，是把 2 当成字母 B、把 C 当成 3 来找，顺序弄反了。风筝在 C3，往上多走了一格。 例子：C1 是骰子，在 C 这一列的最下面。 注意：一列只用一个字母，往上走时字母不会变。

finding C2 = cari C2 Find C along the bottom and go up that column; stop when you are level with the number 2 on the left, and that box holds the yo-yo. The drum is at B3, which comes from reading 2 as the letter B and C as 3, the order reversed. The kite is at C3, one box too high. Example: C1 is the dice, at the bottom of column C. Watch out: a whole column shares one letter, so the letter stays the same as you go up.

最左一列 = lajur paling kiri A 是最左边的一列。在 A 这一列往上数到第 3 排，也就是最上面一排，那里是火车。骰子在 C1，是把字母和数字对调后找错的格子。机器人在 A2，只往上走了两排。 例子：A1 是小熊，在最左下角。 注意：这个玩具架只有 3 排，baris 3 就是最上面一排。

the left-most column = lajur paling kiri A is the column on the far left. Go up column A to row 3, the top row, and you find the train. The dice is at C1, the box you reach if the letter and number are swapped. The robot is at A2, only two rows up. Example: A1 is the teddy bear, in the bottom-left corner. Watch out: this shelf has only 3 rows, so row 3 is the top row.

写出气球的位置 = tulis kedudukan belon 气球往下对着字母 D，往左对着数字 2，所以写 D2。2D 把数字写在前面，不合写法。D3 是喇叭的位置，在气球上面一格。 例子：骰子往下对着 C，往左对着 1，写成 C1。 注意：写位置时字母和数字中间不用空格，也不要加点。

writing the balloon's position = tulis kedudukan belon The balloon lines up with the letter D below and the number 2 on the left, so we write D2. 2D puts the number first, which breaks the rule. D3 is where the trumpet is, one box above the balloon. Example: the dice lines up with C below and 1 on the left, so it is written C1. Watch out: write the letter and number together, with no space or dot between them.

左下角 = penjuru kiri bawah 小熊在最左边、最下面的格子。最左边的列是 A，最下面的排是 1，所以小熊在 A1。1A 顺序写反；A2 是它上面那一格，放的是机器人。 例子：右下角那一格是 D1，放着足球。 注意：baris 1 在最下面，不是最上面。

the bottom-left corner = penjuru kiri bawah The teddy bear is in the box on the far left at the bottom. The left-most column is A and the bottom row is 1, so the teddy is at A1. 1A reverses the order, and A2 is the box above it, where the robot is. Example: the bottom-right box is D1, where the football is. Watch out: row 1 is the bottom row, not the top one.

最右一列 = lajur paling kanan D 是最右边的一列，往上走到第 3 排，是喇叭。风筝在 C3，同一排但左边一列；气球在 D2，同一列但低一排。 例子：D1 是足球，D2 是气球，D3 是喇叭，同一列从下往上排。 注意：字母对了还要对数字，两个都对才是那一格。

the right-most column = lajur paling kanan D is the column on the far right; go up it to row 3 and you find the trumpet. The kite is at C3, the same row but one column to the left, and the balloon is at D2, the same column but one row lower. Example: D1 is the football, D2 the balloon and D3 the trumpet, going up the same column. Watch out: getting the letter right is not enough; the number must match too.

鼓的位置 = kedudukan dram 鼓往下看对着 B，往左看对着 3，所以鼓在 B3。C2 是把 3 当成第三个字母 C、把 B 当成数字 2，前后调换了。B2 是拼图，在鼓下面一格。 例子：拼图往下对着 B、往左对着 2，所以拼图在 B2。 注意：往下看找字母，往左看找数字，方向不能换。

position of the drum = kedudukan dram Looking down from the drum you meet B, and looking left you meet 3, so the drum is at B3. C2 turns 3 into the third letter C and B into the number 2, swapping them. B2 is the jigsaw, one box below the drum. Example: the jigsaw lines up with B below and 2 on the left, so the jigsaw is at B2. Watch out: look down for the letter and left for the number; do not mix the directions.

用名称说位置 = lajur C, baris 1 题目没有写 C1，而是把名称说出来：lajur C，baris 1。意思一样，就是 C1。在 C 这一列的最下面一格，是骰子。溜溜球在 C2，高了一排；玩具车在 B1，同一排但左边一列。 例子：「lajur A, baris 2」就是 A2，是机器人。 注意：看到 lajur 就找字母，看到 baris 就找数字。

naming the position in words = lajur C, baris 1 The question does not write C1; it says column C, row 1, which means exactly the same box. The bottom box of column C holds the dice. The yo-yo is at C2, one row higher, and the toy car is at B1, the same row but one column to the left. Example: column A, row 2 is A2, the robot. Watch out: lajur tells you to look for a letter and baris tells you to look for a number.

一列有几个 = berapa dalam satu lajur lajur B 是字母 B 上面那一直列，从下往上有玩具车、拼图、鼓，一共 3 个。选 4 是把一横排的格子数（A、B、C、D 四个）当成一列。选 2 是少数了一格。 例子：baris 1 是一横排，有 4 个玩具：小熊、玩具车、骰子、足球。 注意：数 lajur 要直着数，数 baris 要横着数。

how many in one column = berapa dalam satu lajur Column B is the upright strip above the letter B; from bottom to top it holds the toy car, the jigsaw and the drum, 3 toys in all. Choosing 4 counts the boxes across a row (A, B, C and D) instead of up a column, and choosing 2 misses one box. Example: row 1 runs across and holds 4 toys: the teddy, the toy car, the dice and the football. Watch out: count a column going up and a row going across.

纵轴 = paksi mencancang 美术室的架子左边那条直立的线上写着 1、2、3、4，这条竖线就是纵轴，叫 paksi mencancang。下面横的线写字母，是横轴。lajur 是一直列格子，不是轴。 例子：玩具架的纵轴写 1 到 3，这个架子多一排，写到 4。 注意：轴是写名称的那条线，lajur 和 baris 是格子排成的列和行。

vertical axis = paksi mencancang The upright line on the left of the art-room shelf carries 1, 2, 3 and 4; that upright line is the vertical axis, paksi mencancang. The flat line at the bottom carries the letters and is the horizontal axis. A lajur is a column of boxes, not an axis. Example: the toy shelf's vertical axis went up to 3; this shelf has one more row, so it goes to 4. Watch out: an axis is the labelled line, while lajur and baris are the columns and rows of boxes.

调色盘 = palet 调色盘在最左边一列 A，往左对着数字 2，所以是 A2。2A 是顺序写反；A1 是它下面一格的画笔。 例子：画画本在 A 列往上第 3 格，是 A3。 注意：同一列的东西字母都一样，只能靠数字分出是哪一格。

paint palette = palet The palette is in the left-most column, A, and lines up with the number 2 on the left, so it is at A2. 2A puts the parts in the wrong order, and A1 is the brush in the box below it. Example: the sketchbook is the third box up in column A, so it is at A3. Watch out: everything in one column shares the same letter, so only the number tells the boxes apart.

胶水瓶 = botol gam 胶水瓶往下对着 C，往左对着 3，所以在 C3。C2 是它下面的空格子；D3 是三角尺，在它右边一格。 例子：海绵在 C 列最上面一格，是 C4。 注意：旁边有空格子时，更要用手指沿线对准，不要跳格。

glue bottle = botol gam The glue bottle lines up with C below and 3 on the left, so it is at C3. C2 is the empty box below it, and D3 is the set square, one box to its right. Example: the sponge is the top box of column C, at C4. Watch out: when there are empty boxes nearby, trace the line with a finger so you do not skip a box.

右上角 = penjuru kanan atas D 是最右一列，4 是最上一排，所以 D4 是右上角那一格，放的是缎带。三角尺在 D3，低一排；海绵在 C4，同一排但左边一列。 例子：左上角是 A4，这个架子的 A4 是空的。 注意：四个角最好记：左下 A1、右下 D1、左上 A4、右上 D4。

the top-right corner = penjuru kanan atas D is the right-most column and 4 is the top row, so D4 is the top-right box, which holds the ribbon. The set square is at D3, one row lower, and the sponge is at C4, the same row but one column to the left. Example: the top-left box is A4, and on this shelf A4 is empty. Watch out: the four corners are easy anchors: A1 bottom left, D1 bottom right, A4 top left and D4 top right.

空格子 = petak kosong 看第 2 排：A2 有调色盘，B2 有铅笔，C2 什么都没有，D2 有回形针。所以空的是 C2。这个架子另外还有 B3 和 A4 也是空的，但选项里只有 C2。 例子：B3 也是空格，在铅笔上面一格。 注意：空格子也有自己的位置名称，读法一样是先字母后数字。

empty box = petak kosong Look along row 2: A2 has the palette, B2 has the pencil, C2 has nothing, and D2 has the paper clip. So the empty box is C2. B3 and A4 are also empty on this shelf, but only C2 is among the options. Example: B3 is empty too, one box above the pencil. Watch out: an empty box still has its own position name, read the same way, letter first.

同一排 = baris yang sama 剪刀在 B1，是第 1 排。第 1 排还有画笔 A1、尺 C1、蜡笔 D1。选项里只有尺在第 1 排。铅笔 B2 和文件夹 B4 跟剪刀在同一列 B，不是同一排。 例子：和调色盘 A2 同一排的有铅笔 B2 和回形针 D2。 注意：同一排数字相同，同一列字母相同，不要搞混。

the same row = baris yang sama The scissors are at B1, in row 1. Row 1 also holds the brush A1, the ruler C1 and the crayon D1, and of the options only the ruler is in row 1. The pencil B2 and the file B4 share column B with the scissors, not the row. Example: in the same row as the palette A2 are the pencil B2 and the paper clip D2. Watch out: things in one row share a number, things in one column share a letter.

同一列 = lajur yang sama 三角尺在 D3，是 lajur D。D 这一列还有蜡笔 D1、回形针 D2、缎带 D4。选项里回形针在 D2，所以答案是回形针。胶水瓶 C3 和画画本 A3 跟三角尺是同一排 3，不是同一列。 例子：和尺 C1 同一列的有胶水瓶 C3 和海绵 C4。 注意：问「lajur」就看字母一样不一样。

the same column = lajur yang sama The set square is at D3, in column D. Column D also holds the crayon D1, the paper clip D2 and the ribbon D4; among the options the paper clip, at D2, is the answer. The glue bottle C3 and the sketchbook A3 are in the same row 3 as the set square, not the same column. Example: in the same column as the ruler C1 are the glue bottle C3 and the sponge C4. Watch out: a question about a lajur is a question about matching letters.

数一排的东西 = kira objek dalam satu baris 第 4 排是最上面一排，有 A4、B4、C4、D4 四个格子。A4 是空的，其余是文件夹、海绵、缎带，所以有 3 样东西。选 4 是把空格子也算进去；选 2 是漏了一样。 例子：第 1 排四个格子都有东西，所以有 4 样。 注意：问「有几样东西」，空格子不算。

counting objects in a row = kira objek dalam satu baris Row 4 is the top row, with the boxes A4, B4, C4 and D4. A4 is empty and the others hold the file, the sponge and the ribbon, so there are 3 objects. Choosing 4 counts the empty box as well, and choosing 2 misses one object. Example: all four boxes in row 1 are filled, so row 1 has 4 objects. Watch out: when the question asks how many objects, empty boxes do not count.