Unit 1
Kenal Kedudukan
Murid Tahun 3 berkhemah di Kem Pengakap.
Bagaimanakah kita memberitahu kedudukan khemah, dapur dan sampan?
Kita guna titik rujukan, arah, serta lajur dan baris pada grid.
位置 = kedudukan；参照点 = titik rujukan；网格 = grid
这一课学怎样把一个东西在哪里说清楚。三年级的学生去童军营露营，营地里有帐篷、厨房、小船。要告诉别人东西在哪里，可以先选一个参照点，再用左右前后或东南西北说；也可以把营地画成网格，用一个字母加一个数字说出格子。
例子：「帐篷在营火的北边」就是用营火做参照点。
注意：没有参照点，只说「在左边」，别人不知道是谁的左边。
position = kedudukan; reference point = titik rujukan; grid = grid
This unit is about saying clearly where something is. Year 3 pupils are camping at a Scout camp with tents, a kitchen and a boat. To tell someone where a thing is, we can pick a reference point and use left, right, front, back or the compass directions, or we can draw the camp as a grid and name a box with a letter and a number.
Example: the tent is north of the campfire uses the campfire as the reference point.
Watch out: just saying on the left, with no reference point, does not tell anyone whose left you mean.
Titik rujukan
Kiri, kanan, depan, belakang
Meja guru ialah titik rujukan
Aina: 1 di belakang · Bala: 1 di belakang, 2 ke kanan · Chen: 2 di belakang, 1 ke kiri
左 = kiri；右 = kanan；前 = depan；后 = belakang；参照点 = titik rujukan
说位置先定一个参照点，这里用老师的桌子。图上最上面是白板，也就是教室前面，越往下越后面。左右是照学生面向白板时的方向来看。Aina 在老师桌子正后面第 1 排；Bala 也在第 1 排，但往右 2 个位子；Chen 在后面第 2 排，往左 1 个位子。
例子：Dina 在后面第 3 排，往右 1 个位子。
注意：前后数「排」，左右数「位子」，两个都要说清楚。
left = kiri; right = kanan; front = depan; behind = belakang; reference point = titik rujukan
To describe a position, first choose a reference point; here it is the teacher's desk. The top of the plan is the whiteboard, the front of the class, and going down means further back. Left and right are as the pupils see them when facing the board. Aina is in row 1 straight behind the desk; Bala is also in row 1 but 2 seats to the right; Chen is 2 rows back and 1 seat to the left.
Example: Dina is 3 rows back and 1 seat to the right.
Watch out: count rows for front and back and seats for left and right, and say both.
Arah mata angin
Utara, selatan, timur, barat
Unggun api 🔥 ialah titik rujukan
⛺ utara · 🛶 timur · 🌳 barat · 🚩 selatan (dari 🔥)
北 = utara；南 = selatan；东 = timur；西 = barat
看地图时，上面是北，下面是南，右边是东，左边是西。这里用营火做参照点：帐篷在营火的上面，所以在北边；小船在右边，是东边；大树在左边，是西边；旗杆在下面，是南边。
例子：如果厨房在营火的上面，就说「厨房在营火的北边」。
注意：东和西最容易弄反，记住地图上「右东左西」。
north = utara; south = selatan; east = timur; west = barat
On a map, north is at the top, south at the bottom, east on the right and west on the left. Here the campfire is the reference point: the tent is above it, so it is north of the campfire; the boat is to the right, so it is east; the big tree is to the left, so it is west; and the flagpole is below, so it is south.
Example: if the kitchen were above the campfire, we would say it is north of the campfire.
Watch out: east and west are the easiest to mix up, so remember that east is on the right of a map.
Cuba
Tiang bendera 🚩 di sebelah ___ 🔥 unggun api.
utara ▲ di atas
南边 = sebelah selatan
先找参照点营火，再看旗杆在营火的哪一边。旗杆在营火的正下面，地图的下面是南，所以旗杆在营火的南边。选「北」是把上下看反了；选「东」是看成了左右。
例子：帐篷在营火正上面，所以帐篷在营火的北边。
注意：题目问的是旗杆在营火的哪一边，参照点是营火，不是旗杆。
south side = sebelah selatan
Find the reference point, the campfire, then see which side of it the flagpole is on. The flagpole is straight below the campfire, and the bottom of a map is south, so the flagpole is south of the campfire. Choosing north turns the map upside down, and choosing east mixes up the sides.
Example: the tent is straight above the campfire, so it is north of the campfire.
Watch out: the question asks about the flagpole compared with the campfire, so the campfire is the reference point.
Grid
Paksi mengufuk dan paksi mencancang
Lajur dan baris
paksi mengufuk → huruf → lajur · paksi mencancang → nombor → baris
横轴 = paksi mengufuk；纵轴 = paksi mencancang；列 = lajur；行 = baris
把营地地图分成一个个方格，就叫网格。下面横的那条是横轴，上面写字母 A 到 E，每个字母管一直列，叫 lajur。左边竖的那条是纵轴，上面写数字 1 到 5，每个数字管一横行，叫 baris。baris 1 在最下面，越往上数字越大。
例子：字母 C 上面那一整条直的方格就是 lajur C。
注意：字母永远在横轴，数字永远在纵轴，不会调换。
horizontal axis = paksi mengufuk; vertical axis = paksi mencancang; column = lajur; row = baris
When the camp map is divided into boxes, we call it a grid. The line along the bottom is the horizontal axis, labelled with the letters A to E, and each letter names one upright column, a lajur. The line on the left is the vertical axis, labelled 1 to 5, and each number names one flat row, a baris. Row 1 is at the very bottom and the numbers grow upwards.
Example: the whole upright strip of boxes above the letter C is column C.
Watch out: letters always sit on the horizontal axis and numbers on the vertical one; they never swap.
Cara membaca kedudukan
Lajur dahulu, kemudian baris
Dapur kem 🍳 berada di B4
Tulis huruf dahulu, kemudian nombor: B4 ✓ · 4B ✗
读位置 = membaca kedudukan；先列后行 = lajur dahulu, kemudian baris
读一个格子的位置分两步。第一步，从格子往下看到横轴，厨房在字母 B 的上面，所以是 lajur B。第二步，从格子往左看到纵轴，厨房和数字 4 在同一横行，所以是 baris 4。写的时候先写字母再写数字：B4。
例子：小船往下对着 E，往左对着 3，所以小船在 E3。
注意：写成 4B 是错的，字母一定写在前面。
reading a position = membaca kedudukan; column first, then row = lajur dahulu, kemudian baris
Reading the position of a box takes two steps. Step one: look down from the box to the horizontal axis; the kitchen sits above the letter B, so it is in column B. Step two: look left from the box to the vertical axis; the kitchen is level with the number 4, so it is in row 4. Write the letter first and then the number: B4.
Example: the boat lines up with E below and 3 on the left, so the boat is at E3.
Watch out: 4B is wrong, because the letter always comes first.
Cuba
Di manakah kedudukan 🛶 sampan?
小船的位置 = kedudukan sampan
从小船往下看，对着横轴上的字母 E；往左看，对着纵轴上的数字 3。先写字母后写数字，所以小船在 E3。3E 把顺序写反了；D3 是往下看时看歪了一格，看成旁边的 lajur D。
例子：pondok lampu 往下对着 E，往左对着 5，所以是 E5。
注意：往下看的时候手指沿着直线走，就不会跑到隔壁的 lajur。
position of the boat = kedudukan sampan
Looking down from the boat, it lines up with the letter E on the horizontal axis; looking left, it lines up with the number 3 on the vertical axis. Letter first, then number, so the boat is at E3. 3E writes them in the wrong order, and D3 slips one box sideways into column D while looking down.
Example: the lamp hut lines up with E below and 5 on the left, so it is at E5.
Watch out: run your finger straight down the column so you do not drift into the next one.
Gerakkan robot
Tekan anak panah. Bawa 🤖 ke sasaran dan baca kedudukannya.
移动机器人 = gerakkan robot；目标 = sasaran；箭头 = anak panah
这个实验台让你自己动手：按 → 机器人往右走一格，lajur 的字母变大一个；按 ↑ 往上走一格，baris 的数字加 1。机器人每走一步，右边都会显示它现在的位置。把机器人带到星星、苹果、礼物这些目标格，完成 3 个目标。
例子：机器人在 A1，按 → 两次、↑ 三次，就到了 C4。
注意：往上是数字变大，往下是数字变小，左右才是换字母。
move the robot = gerakkan robot; target = sasaran; arrow = anak panah
In this lab you move things yourself: pressing → moves the robot one box right, so the column letter moves on by one; pressing ↑ moves it one box up, so the row number goes up by 1. After every step the panel on the right shows the robot's position. Take the robot to the star, apple and gift targets and complete 3 of them.
Example: from A1, pressing → twice and ↑ three times brings the robot to C4.
Watch out: up and down change the number, while left and right change the letter.
Semak makmal
Robot 🤖 di A1 bergerak 3 petak ke kanan, kemudian 2 petak ke atas. Di mana robot?
走格子 = bergerak petak
往右走会换字母：从 A 走 3 格，经过 B、C，到 D。往上走会换数字：从 1 走 2 格，经过 2，到 3。所以机器人停在 D3。C4 是把「3 格」和「2 格」对调了；3D 把数字写在前面。
例子：从 A1 往右 1 格、往上 4 格，就到 B5。
注意：数格子时，起点那一格不算，从下一格开始数 1。
moving across boxes = bergerak petak
Moving right changes the letter: 3 boxes from A pass B and C and stop at D. Moving up changes the number: 2 boxes from 1 pass 2 and stop at 3. So the robot ends at D3. C4 swaps the 3 boxes and the 2 boxes, and 3D puts the number first.
Example: from A1, 1 box right and 4 boxes up lands on B5.
Watch out: do not count the starting box; the first box you move into is number 1.
Cuba
Apakah yang berada di D2?
反过来找 = cari objek daripada kedudukan
这次给位置，要找东西。D2 的 D 是 lajur：在横轴找到 D，沿着那一直列往上走；2 是 baris：走到和纵轴数字 2 同一横行就停。那一格里是背包仓库。旗杆在 C1，小船在 E3，都不是 D2。
例子：要找 C5，就在 C 往上走到第 5 行，那里是帐篷。
注意：先找字母再找数字，顺序和写的时候一样。
searching the other way = cari objek daripada kedudukan
This time we are given the position and must find the object. The D in D2 is the column: find D on the horizontal axis and go up that column; the 2 is the row: stop when you are level with 2 on the vertical axis. That box holds the bag store. The flagpole is at C1 and the boat at E3, so neither is D2.
Example: to find C5, go up column C to row 5, where the tent is.
Watch out: find the letter first and then the number, the same order we use when writing.
Padankan
Kedudukan di kem
配对位置 = padankan kedudukan
每一个位置都先看字母再看数字。A3：lajur A、baris 3，是大树。C5：lajur C 最上面一格，是帐篷。E5：最右边一列的最上面，是灯屋。C1：lajur C 最下面一格，是旗杆。C5 和 C1 字母一样，差别在数字，一个在顶、一个在底。
例子：E3 和 E5 都在 lajur E，3 在中间，5 在最上面。
注意：字母一样时，要靠数字分上下。
matching positions = padankan kedudukan
For each position, read the letter and then the number. A3 is column A, row 3: the big tree. C5 is the top box of column C: the tent. E5 is the top of the right-most column: the lamp hut. C1 is the bottom box of column C: the flagpole. C5 and C1 share a letter; only the number tells top from bottom.
Example: E3 and E5 are both in column E, with 3 in the middle and 5 at the top.
Watch out: when the letters are the same, the number decides how high up the box is.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
huruf lajur + nombor baris = kedudukan
Guna titik rujukan untuk kiri, kanan, depan, belakang atau utara, selatan, timur, barat. Pada grid, huruf pada paksi mengufuk ialah lajur, nombor pada paksi mencancang ialah baris. Tulis huruf dahulu: B4.
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