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升化成毫升 = tukar ℓ kepada mℓ 1 ℓ 是 1 000 mℓ，3 ℓ 就是 3 个 1 000：3 × 1 000 = 3 000 mℓ。300 mℓ 是乘了 100，把升当成米来算；30 mℓ 更少，只乘了 10。一大瓶 3 ℓ 的水，倒成小杯可以倒很多杯，所以数目一定很大。 例子：5 ℓ = 5 000 mℓ。 注意：ℓ 换 mℓ 乘 1 000，后面补三个 0。

litres to millilitres = tukar ℓ kepada mℓ 1 ℓ is 1 000 mℓ, so 3 ℓ is three 1 000s: 3 × 1 000 = 3 000 mℓ. 300 mℓ multiplies by 100, as if litres worked like metres, and 30 mℓ is smaller still, multiplying by only 10. A big 3 ℓ bottle fills many small cups, so the number of millilitres must be large. Example: 5 ℓ = 5 000 mℓ. Watch out: litres to millilitres means multiplying by 1 000, adding three zeros.

复名数化成厘米 = tukar kepada cm 2 m 是 2 × 100 = 200 cm，再加 8 cm：200 + 8 = 208 cm。280 cm 是把 8 cm 当成 80 cm；28 cm 是两个数字直接接起来，漏了 m 换成 cm 这一步。 例子：1 m 6 cm = 106 cm；4 m 30 cm = 430 cm。 注意：8 cm 只占个位，十位要写 0。

a mixed length in centimetres = tukar kepada cm 2 m is 2 × 100 = 200 cm; add the 8 cm to get 200 + 8 = 208 cm. 280 cm treats the 8 cm as 80 cm, and 28 cm just joins the two digits, skipping the change from metres to centimetres. Example: 1 m 6 cm = 106 cm; 4 m 30 cm = 430 cm. Watch out: 8 cm fills only the ones place, so the tens place needs a 0.

厘米化成复名数 = tukar cm kepada m dan cm 365 cm 里有 3 个 100 cm，就是 3 m，还剩 65 cm，所以 365 cm = 3 m 65 cm。36 m 5 cm 是把每 10 cm 当成 1 m；365 m 是单位直接换掉，长度变成原来的 100 倍。 例子：208 cm = 2 m 8 cm；150 cm = 1 m 50 cm。 注意：百位的数就是 m，后两位就是 cm。

centimetres to metres and centimetres = tukar cm kepada m dan cm 365 cm holds three 100 cm, which is 3 m, with 65 cm left over, so 365 cm = 3 m 65 cm. 36 m 5 cm treats every 10 cm as a metre, and 365 m simply swaps the unit, making the length 100 times bigger. Example: 208 cm = 2 m 8 cm; 150 cm = 1 m 50 cm. Watch out: the hundreds digit gives the metres and the last two digits give the centimetres.

公斤化成克 = tukar kg kepada g 3 kg 是 3 × 1 000 = 3 000 g，再加 75 g：3 000 + 75 = 3 075 g。3 750 g 是把 75 g 当成 750 g；375 g 是把数字接起来，好像 1 kg 只有 100 g。 例子：2 kg 8 g = 2 008 g；1 kg 250 g = 1 250 g。 注意：g 要占三位，75 g 写成 075，所以是 3 075。

kilograms to grams = tukar kg kepada g 3 kg is 3 × 1 000 = 3 000 g; add the 75 g to get 3 000 + 75 = 3 075 g. 3 750 g treats 75 g as 750 g, and 375 g just joins the digits, as if 1 kg had only 100 g. Example: 2 kg 8 g = 2 008 g; 1 kg 250 g = 1 250 g. Watch out: grams take three places, so 75 g is written 075, giving 3 075.

克化成复名数 = tukar g kepada kg dan g 4 250 g 里有 4 个 1 000 g，就是 4 kg，剩下 250 g，所以是 4 kg 250 g。42 kg 50 g 是把每 100 g 当成 1 kg；4 kg 25 g 是剩下的 250 g 少了一个 0。 例子：3 600 g = 3 kg 600 g；1 050 g = 1 kg 50 g。 注意：千位的数是 kg，后三位是 g。

grams to kilograms and grams = tukar g kepada kg dan g 4 250 g holds four 1 000 g, which is 4 kg, with 250 g left, so it is 4 kg 250 g. 42 kg 50 g treats every 100 g as a kilogram, and 4 kg 25 g loses a zero from the 250 g. Example: 3 600 g = 3 kg 600 g; 1 050 g = 1 kg 50 g. Watch out: the thousands digit gives the kilograms and the last three digits give the grams.

复名数化成毫升 = tukar kepada mℓ 2 ℓ 是 2 000 mℓ，加 60 mℓ：2 000 + 60 = 2 060 mℓ。2 600 mℓ 是把 60 mℓ 当成 600 mℓ；260 mℓ 是把升当成只有 100 mℓ。 例子：1 ℓ 5 mℓ = 1 005 mℓ；3 ℓ 400 mℓ = 3 400 mℓ。 注意：60 mℓ 只有两位，前面补一个 0，写成 060。

a mixed volume in millilitres = tukar kepada mℓ 2 ℓ is 2 000 mℓ; add the 60 mℓ to get 2 000 + 60 = 2 060 mℓ. 2 600 mℓ treats 60 mℓ as 600 mℓ, and 260 mℓ pretends a litre is only 100 mℓ. Example: 1 ℓ 5 mℓ = 1 005 mℓ; 3 ℓ 400 mℓ = 3 400 mℓ. Watch out: 60 mℓ has only two digits, so put a 0 in front and write 060.

长度相加 = tambah panjang cm 栏：65 + 50 = 115 cm，满 100 cm 就是 1 m，所以写 15，进 1。m 栏：1 + 2 + 1 = 4。答案 4 m 15 cm。3 m 115 cm 没有进位；3 m 15 cm 是进位后 m 栏忘了加 1。 例子：2 m 80 cm + 40 cm → 120 cm → 3 m 20 cm。 注意：答案的 cm 不可以是 100 或以上。

adding lengths = tambah panjang Centimetre column: 65 + 50 = 115 cm, and 100 cm makes 1 m, so write 15 and carry 1. Metre column: 1 + 2 + 1 = 4. The answer is 4 m 15 cm. 3 m 115 cm never regroups, and 3 m 15 cm regroups but forgets to add the 1 to the metres. Example: 2 m 80 cm + 40 cm → 120 cm → 3 m 20 cm. Watch out: the centimetres in an answer can never be 100 or more.

质量相减要借位 = tolak jisim dengan pinjam g 栏 200 − 750 不够，向 kg 借 1，1 kg 是 1 000 g：1 200 − 750 = 450 g。kg 栏 6 借走 1 剩 5，5 − 2 = 3。答案 3 kg 450 g。4 kg 550 g 是用 750 − 200 倒过来减；4 kg 450 g 是借了以后 kg 栏忘了减 1。 例子：3 kg 100 g − 400 g → 借 1 kg → 2 kg 700 g。 注意：小的减大的不够时，要借位，不能上下调换来减。

subtracting masses with borrowing = tolak jisim dengan pinjam In the g column 200 − 750 will not go, so borrow 1 kg, which is 1 000 g: 1 200 − 750 = 450 g. The kg column drops from 6 to 5, and 5 − 2 = 3. The answer is 3 kg 450 g. 4 kg 550 g subtracts 750 − 200 the wrong way round, and 4 kg 450 g borrows but forgets to take 1 from the kilograms. Example: 3 kg 100 g − 400 g → borrow 1 kg → 2 kg 700 g. Watch out: when the top number is too small, borrow; never swap the numbers to subtract.

液体体积相乘 = darab isi padu cecair mℓ 栏：250 × 4 = 1 000 mℓ，刚好 1 ℓ，mℓ 栏写 0，进 1。ℓ 栏：1 × 4 + 1 = 5。答案 5 ℓ。4 ℓ 100 mℓ 是把 1 000 mℓ 当成 100 mℓ；4 ℓ 250 mℓ 是 mℓ 没有乘 4。 例子：500 mℓ × 6 = 3 000 mℓ = 3 ℓ。 注意：每一栏都要乘，乘完 mℓ 满 1 000 再进位。

multiplying liquid volumes = darab isi padu cecair Millilitre column: 250 × 4 = 1 000 mℓ, exactly 1 ℓ, so write 0 and carry 1. Litre column: 1 × 4 + 1 = 5. The answer is 5 ℓ. 4 ℓ 100 mℓ treats 1 000 mℓ as 100 mℓ, and 4 ℓ 250 mℓ forgets to multiply the millilitres by 4. Example: 500 mℓ × 6 = 3 000 mℓ = 3 ℓ. Watch out: multiply every column, then carry when the millilitres reach 1 000.

米不够除 = m tidak cukup dibahagi 3 m 不够分成 4 份整米，所以先全部换成厘米：3 m 60 cm = 360 cm，360 ÷ 4 = 90 cm。15 cm 是只除了 60 cm，把 3 m 丢掉了；9 cm 是少了一个 0。检查：90 × 4 = 360 cm。 例子：2 m 50 cm ÷ 5 = 250 ÷ 5 = 50 cm。 注意：m 比除数小时，答案没有 m，只有 cm。

metres too few to divide = m tidak cukup dibahagi 3 m cannot be shared into 4 whole metres, so change everything to centimetres first: 3 m 60 cm = 360 cm, and 360 ÷ 4 = 90 cm. 15 cm divides only the 60 cm and throws away the 3 m, and 9 cm loses a zero. Check: 90 × 4 = 360 cm. Example: 2 m 50 cm ÷ 5 = 250 ÷ 5 = 50 cm. Watch out: when the metres are fewer than the divisor, the answer has no metres, only centimetres.

质量相除 = bahagi jisim 2 kg 不够分成 3 份整公斤，先换成克：2 kg 400 g = 2 400 g，2 400 ÷ 3 = 800 g。8 kg 比原来的 2 kg 400 g 还重，平分后不可能变重；80 g 是少了一个 0。检查：800 × 3 = 2 400 g。 例子：1 kg 500 g ÷ 5 = 1 500 ÷ 5 = 300 g。 注意：除完的每一份一定比原来少。

dividing a mass = bahagi jisim 2 kg cannot be shared into 3 whole kilograms, so change to grams first: 2 kg 400 g = 2 400 g, and 2 400 ÷ 3 = 800 g. 8 kg is heavier than the 2 kg 400 g we started with, which is impossible after sharing, and 80 g loses a zero. Check: 800 × 3 = 2 400 g. Example: 1 kg 500 g ÷ 5 = 1 500 ÷ 5 = 300 g. Watch out: each share after dividing is always smaller than the whole.

整升减毫升 = tolak mℓ daripada ℓ 4 ℓ 写成 4 ℓ 0 mℓ。0 − 650 不够，向 ℓ 借 1：1 000 − 650 = 350 mℓ，ℓ 栏剩 3。答案 3 ℓ 350 mℓ。3 ℓ 450 mℓ 是 1 000 − 650 算错了；4 ℓ 350 mℓ 是借了 1 ℓ 却没从 4 ℓ 扣掉。检查：3 ℓ 350 mℓ + 650 mℓ = 4 ℓ。 例子：2 ℓ − 300 mℓ = 1 ℓ 700 mℓ。 注意：凑 1 000 来想：650 再加 350 才是 1 000。

whole litres minus millilitres = tolak mℓ daripada ℓ Write 4 ℓ as 4 ℓ 0 mℓ. 0 − 650 will not go, so borrow 1 ℓ: 1 000 − 650 = 350 mℓ, leaving 3 in the litre column. The answer is 3 ℓ 350 mℓ. 3 ℓ 450 mℓ gets 1 000 − 650 wrong, and 4 ℓ 350 mℓ borrows 1 ℓ without taking it from the 4 ℓ. Check: 3 ℓ 350 mℓ + 650 mℓ = 4 ℓ. Example: 2 ℓ − 300 mℓ = 1 ℓ 700 mℓ. Watch out: think of making 1 000: 650 needs 350 more to reach 1 000.

接水管 = sambung paip 接起来就是加法。cm 栏：40 + 85 = 125 cm，写 25，进 1 m。m 栏：2 + 1 + 1 = 4。答案 4 m 25 cm。3 m 25 cm 是忘了进位的 1 m；5 m 25 cm 是进了 2 m，多进了一次。检查：4 m 25 cm − 1 m 85 cm = 2 m 40 cm。 例子：1 m 70 cm 的木条接上 60 cm，全长 2 m 30 cm。 注意：125 cm 只够进 1 m，剩 25 cm。

joining pipes = sambung paip Joining means adding. Centimetre column: 40 + 85 = 125 cm, so write 25 and carry 1 m. Metre column: 2 + 1 + 1 = 4. The answer is 4 m 25 cm. 3 m 25 cm forgets the carried metre, and 5 m 25 cm carries 2 m, one time too many. Check: 4 m 25 cm − 1 m 85 cm = 2 m 40 cm. Example: a 1 m 70 cm strip of wood joined to 60 cm makes 2 m 30 cm. Watch out: 125 cm is enough for only 1 m, with 25 cm left.

比较质量 = bandingkan jisim 单位不一样，先全部换成克：1 kg 90 g = 1 090 g，1 kg 800 g = 1 800 g，第一个本来就是 1 900 g。比较 1 900、1 090、1 800，最大的是 1 900 g，所以 1 900 g 最重。很多人看到 1 kg 90 g 里有“90”，以为比 1 900 g 的 900 大，其实 90 g 很轻。 例子：2 kg 5 g = 2 005 g，比 2 050 g 轻。 注意：比较前一定先换成同一个单位。

comparing masses = bandingkan jisim The units differ, so change everything to grams first: 1 kg 90 g = 1 090 g, 1 kg 800 g = 1 800 g, and the first parcel is already 1 900 g. Comparing 1 900, 1 090 and 1 800, the biggest is 1 900 g, so that parcel is the heaviest. Some pupils see the 90 in 1 kg 90 g and think it beats the 900 in 1 900 g, but 90 g is very light. Example: 2 kg 5 g = 2 005 g, which is lighter than 2 050 g. Watch out: always change to the same unit before comparing.