Unit 23
Relaks Minda
Jejak Harta Karun!
Ada 5 peti harta yang berkunci. Setiap peti dibuka dengan satu soalan tentang panjang, jisim atau isi padu cecair.
Mula-mula, ingat semula perkaitan unit.
放松一下 = relaks minda；寻宝 = jejak harta karun；宝箱 = peti harta
这一课用寻宝游戏复习整章：长度、质量和液体体积。一共有 5 个上锁的宝箱，每个宝箱要答对一题才能打开，题目有单位换算，也有加、减、乘、除。开始前先复习 1 m = 100 cm、1 kg = 1 000 g、1 ℓ = 1 000 mℓ 这三个关系，把它们记熟。
例子：第 1 个宝箱问 3 m 5 cm 是几 cm，答 305 cm 才能打开。
注意：长度是 100，质量和液体体积是 1 000，三种量不要混在一起。
relax your mind = relaks minda; treasure hunt = jejak harta karun; treasure chest = peti harta
This unit reviews the whole chapter on length, mass and liquid volume as a treasure hunt. There are 5 locked chests, and each opens only when its question is answered correctly; the questions include changing units as well as adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing. Before starting, go over the three facts 1 m = 100 cm, 1 kg = 1 000 g and 1 ℓ = 1 000 mℓ so they stick.
Example: chest 1 asks how many cm are in 3 m 5 cm; only 305 cm opens it.
Watch out: length uses 100, while mass and liquid volume use 1 000, so keep the three apart.
Perkaitan unit
Kenali perkaitan unit
Baca, kemudian hafal
Unit besar → unit kecil: darab
Unit kecil → unit besar: bahagi
Unit kecil → unit besar: bahagi
| unit besar | unit kecil | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 m | = | 100 cm |
| 1 kg | = | 1 000 g |
| 1 ℓ | = | 1 000 mℓ |
单位关系 = perkaitan unit；大单位 = unit besar；小单位 = unit kecil
这一屏列出三个单位关系：1 米是 100 厘米，1 公斤是 1 000 克，1 升是 1 000 毫升。大单位换小单位就乘 100 或 1 000；小单位换回大单位，就看里面有几个 100 或 1 000。
例子：2 kg = 2 × 1 000 = 2 000 g；4 m = 4 × 100 = 400 cm。
注意：kg 和 ℓ 都是 1 000，只有 m 是 100，做题时特别留意。
links between units = perkaitan unit; big unit = unit besar; small unit = unit kecil
This screen lists three facts: 1 metre is 100 centimetres, 1 kilogram is 1 000 grams, and 1 litre is 1 000 millilitres. To change a big unit into a small one, multiply by 100 or 1 000; to change back, see how many hundreds or thousands fit inside.
Example: 2 kg = 2 × 1 000 = 2 000 g; 4 m = 4 × 100 = 400 cm.
Watch out: kg and ℓ both use 1 000 and only m uses 100, so take extra care with length.
Peti 1
3 m 5 cm = ? cm
米化成厘米 = tukar m kepada cm
先把 3 m 换成厘米：3 × 100 = 300 cm，再加上后面的 5 cm：300 + 5 = 305 cm。350 cm 是把 5 cm 当成 50 cm；35 cm 是把数字直接接起来，好像 1 m 只有 10 cm。第 1 个宝箱打开了！
例子：2 m 9 cm = 200 + 9 = 209 cm。
注意：cm 只有一位数时，中间要补 0，305 的 0 不可漏。
metres to centimetres = tukar m kepada cm
First change 3 m into centimetres: 3 × 100 = 300 cm, then add the 5 cm: 300 + 5 = 305 cm. 350 cm treats the 5 cm as 50 cm, and 35 cm just writes the digits side by side, as if a metre had only 10 cm. Chest 1 is open!
Example: 2 m 9 cm = 200 + 9 = 209 cm.
Watch out: when the centimetres have one digit, a 0 sits in the middle, so do not drop the 0 in 305.
Peti 2
2 kg 450 g + 1 kg 800 g = ?
质量相加 = tambah jisim
先加 g：450 + 800 = 1 250 g，超过 1 000 g，拿出 1 000 g 变成 1 kg，剩 250 g。再加 kg：2 + 1 + 1 = 4。答案 4 kg 250 g。3 kg 1 250 g 是没有进位；3 kg 250 g 是进位后忘了把 1 kg 加进去。第 2 个宝箱打开了！
例子：1 kg 700 g + 600 g → 1 300 g → 2 kg 300 g。
注意：答案里的 g 一定少于 1 000。
adding masses = tambah jisim
Add the grams first: 450 + 800 = 1 250 g, which is more than 1 000 g, so take 1 000 g out as 1 kg and keep 250 g. Then the kilograms: 2 + 1 + 1 = 4. The answer is 4 kg 250 g. 3 kg 1 250 g never regroups, and 3 kg 250 g regroups but forgets to add the 1 kg. Chest 2 is open!
Example: 1 kg 700 g + 600 g → 1 300 g → 2 kg 300 g.
Watch out: the grams in an answer are always fewer than 1 000.
Peti 3
Padankan ukuran yang sama
配对相等的量 = padankan ukuran yang sama
四把钥匙各配一个一样多的量：1 ℓ 200 mℓ 是 1 000 + 200 = 1 200 mℓ；2 m 50 cm 是 200 + 50 = 250 cm；3 kg 40 g 是 3 000 + 40 = 3 040 g；4 ℓ 是 4 × 1 000 = 4 000 mℓ。四对都配好，第 3 个宝箱就打开了。
例子：5 kg 5 g = 5 005 g；1 m 1 cm = 101 cm。
注意：3 kg 40 g 不是 340 g，也不是 3 400 g，g 要占三位：040。
matching equal measures = padankan ukuran yang sama
Each of the four keys goes with an equal amount: 1 ℓ 200 mℓ is 1 000 + 200 = 1 200 mℓ; 2 m 50 cm is 200 + 50 = 250 cm; 3 kg 40 g is 3 000 + 40 = 3 040 g; 4 ℓ is 4 × 1 000 = 4 000 mℓ. With all four pairs matched, chest 3 opens.
Example: 5 kg 5 g = 5 005 g; 1 m 1 cm = 101 cm.
Watch out: 3 kg 40 g is neither 340 g nor 3 400 g; the grams fill three places, 040.
Peti 4
5 ℓ − 1 ℓ 350 mℓ = ?
| ℓ | mℓ | |
|---|---|---|
| 5 | 0 | |
| − | 1 | 350 |
| ? | ? |
液体体积相减 = tolak isi padu cecair；借位 = pinjam
5 ℓ 就是 5 ℓ 0 mℓ。0 mℓ 减 350 mℓ 不够，向 ℓ 借 1，1 ℓ 是 1 000 mℓ，1 000 − 350 = 650 mℓ；ℓ 栏剩 4，4 − 1 = 3。答案 3 ℓ 650 mℓ。4 ℓ 650 mℓ 是借了以后 ℓ 栏忘了减 1；4 ℓ 350 mℓ 是把 350 直接抄下来。第 4 个宝箱打开了！
例子：3 ℓ − 400 mℓ → 借 1 ℓ → 2 ℓ 600 mℓ。
注意：借来的 1 ℓ 是 1 000 mℓ，不是 100 mℓ。
subtracting liquid volumes = tolak isi padu cecair; borrowing = pinjam
5 ℓ is 5 ℓ 0 mℓ. 0 mℓ minus 350 mℓ will not go, so borrow 1 ℓ, which is 1 000 mℓ: 1 000 − 350 = 650 mℓ, and the litre column drops to 4, so 4 − 1 = 3. The answer is 3 ℓ 650 mℓ. 4 ℓ 650 mℓ borrows but forgets to take 1 from the litres, and 4 ℓ 350 mℓ just copies the 350. Chest 4 is open!
Example: 3 ℓ − 400 mℓ → borrow 1 ℓ → 2 ℓ 600 mℓ.
Watch out: the borrowed 1 ℓ is 1 000 mℓ, not 100 mℓ.
Peti 5 · peti terakhir
4 m 20 cm ÷ 3 = ?
长度相除 = bahagi panjang
把 4 m 20 cm 换成 420 cm，再除以 3：420 ÷ 3 = 140 cm = 1 m 40 cm。也可以分开除：4 m ÷ 3 = 1 m 余 1 m，余下的 1 m 变成 100 cm，加 20 cm 是 120 cm，120 ÷ 3 = 40 cm。1 m 10 cm 是把余下的 1 m 当成 10 cm；14 cm 是少了一个 0。五个宝箱全打开了！
例子：2 m 40 cm ÷ 4 = 240 ÷ 4 = 60 cm。
注意：m 栏的余数要乘 100 再并到 cm 栏。
dividing a length = bahagi panjang
Change 4 m 20 cm into 420 cm, then divide by 3: 420 ÷ 3 = 140 cm = 1 m 40 cm. You can also divide in parts: 4 m ÷ 3 = 1 m remainder 1 m, and the leftover 1 m becomes 100 cm, which with the 20 cm makes 120 cm, and 120 ÷ 3 = 40 cm. 1 m 10 cm treats the leftover metre as 10 cm, and 14 cm loses a zero. All five chests are open!
Example: 2 m 40 cm ÷ 4 = 240 ÷ 4 = 60 cm.
Watch out: a remainder in the metre column is multiplied by 100 and carried into the centimetre column.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
1 m = 100 cm · 1 kg = 1 000 g · 1 ℓ = 1 000 mℓ
Panjang: 100 cm jadi 1 m. Jisim dan isi padu cecair: 1 000 jadi 1 unit besar. Bila tambah atau darab, kumpul semula; bila tolak, pinjam; bila bahagi, tukar baki kepada unit kecil.
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