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长度乘法故事 = cerita darab panjang；缎带 = reben × 3 表示有 3 条一样长的缎带，每条 1 m 20 cm，一共 3 m 60 cm，第一个故事对。第二个故事只多买 3 cm，1 m 20 cm + 3 cm 才 1 m 23 cm。第三个故事是剪掉一段，属于减法，而且 3 m 60 cm − 1 m 20 cm 是 2 m 40 cm，不是 3 m。 例子：妈妈买 2 条一样的皮带，每条 90 cm，一共 1 m 80 cm。 注意：乘法的 3 是“3 条”，故事里写 3 helai，不是 3 cm。

a times story about length = cerita darab panjang; ribbon = reben × 3 means 3 ribbons of the same length, 1 m 20 cm each, 3 m 60 cm in all, so the first story fits. The second story buys only 3 cm more, and 1 m 20 cm + 3 cm is just 1 m 23 cm. The third story cuts a piece off, which is subtracting, and 3 m 60 cm − 1 m 20 cm is 2 m 40 cm, not 3 m. Example: Mother buys 2 identical belts of 90 cm each, 1 m 80 cm altogether. Watch out: the 3 counts ribbons, so the story says 3 helai, not 3 cm.

填除法关键词 = lengkapkan kata kunci bahagi；肉 = daging；包 = bungkus 算式是 ÷ 5，所以空格要填“平均分成”（dibahagi sama banyak）：4 kg 肉平均分成 5 包，每包 800 g。4 kg 就是 4 000 g，4 000 ÷ 5 = 800。填“ditambah”（加上）或“didarab”（乘）的话，肉会变多，跟每包只有 800 g 对不上。 例子：3 kg 虾 dibahagi sama banyak ke dalam 6 bungkus，每包 500 g。 注意：除法故事一定要有 sama banyak，否则不知道每包是不是一样重。

filling in the divide key word = lengkapkan kata kunci bahagi; meat = daging; packet = bungkus The sum uses ÷ 5, so the gap needs divided equally (dibahagi sama banyak): 4 kg of meat is divided equally into 5 packets of 800 g each. 4 kg is 4 000 g and 4 000 ÷ 5 = 800. Ditambah (added) or didarab (multiplied) would make the meat grow, which does not fit packets of only 800 g. Example: 3 kg of prawns dibahagi sama banyak ke dalam 6 bungkus gives 500 g a packet. Watch out: a divide story needs sama banyak, or nobody knows whether the packets weigh the same.

液体体积加法故事 = cerita tambah isi padu；水壶 = jag 符号是 +，水要变多：壶里有 1 ℓ 500 mℓ 水，姐姐再加 750 mℓ，一共 2 ℓ 250 mℓ，对。第二个故事是喝掉，水变少，应该用减法，而且剩下的不可能比原来多。第三个故事 2 瓶各 750 mℓ 是 1 ℓ 500 mℓ，不是 2 ℓ 250 mℓ。 例子：锅里有 2 ℓ 汤，再加 500 mℓ 水，一共 2 ℓ 500 mℓ。 注意：剩下（baki）的量一定比原来少，看到 baki 就不会是加法故事。

a plus story about liquid volume = cerita tambah isi padu; jug = jag The symbol is +, so the water must increase: the jug holds 1 ℓ 500 mℓ, Kakak adds 750 mℓ more, and there is 2 ℓ 250 mℓ altogether, which fits. The second story drinks some, so the water goes down and needs subtracting; besides, what is left can never be more than the start. The third story has 2 bottles of 750 mℓ, which is 1 ℓ 500 mℓ, not 2 ℓ 250 mℓ. Example: a pot has 2 ℓ of soup; adding 500 mℓ of water makes 2 ℓ 500 mℓ. Watch out: a baki is always less than the starting amount, so baki never appears in a plus story.

填减法关键词 = lengkapkan kata kunci tolak；绳子 = tali 哥哥从 3 m 的绳子剪掉 85 cm，剩下的部分叫 baki（剩下的），长 2 m 15 cm。3 m 是 300 cm，300 − 85 = 215 cm，就是 2 m 15 cm。jumlah（总共）是把东西合起来才用；setiap（每一）是乘除故事里的词。 例子：一卷胶带 5 m，用掉 1 m 30 cm，baki 3 m 70 cm。 注意：减法故事最后一句常常以 Baki 开头，说出剩下多少。

filling in the minus key word = lengkapkan kata kunci tolak; rope = tali Abang cuts 85 cm off a 3 m rope, and the part that remains is called the baki, 2 m 15 cm long. 3 m is 300 cm, and 300 − 85 = 215 cm, which is 2 m 15 cm. Jumlah (total) is for joining things together, and setiap (each) belongs to times and divide stories. Example: a 5 m roll of tape with 1 m 30 cm used leaves a baki of 3 m 70 cm. Watch out: the last sentence of a minus story often begins with Baki and says how much is left.

选对单位 = pilih unit yang betul；牛奶 = susu 牛奶是液体，要用液体体积的单位，所以 kg 不对。一杯牛奶只有一点点，用小单位 mℓ：每杯 250 mℓ，8 杯一共 2 000 mℓ，也就是 2 ℓ，很合理。如果写 250 ℓ，一杯就比一个大水桶还多，根本装不下。 例子：一小盒饮料大约 200 mℓ；一大瓶食用油大约 2 ℓ。 注意：编故事时单位跟数字一样重要，小杯用 mℓ，大瓶大桶才用 ℓ。

choosing the right unit = pilih unit yang betul; milk = susu Milk is a liquid, so it needs a unit of liquid volume, which rules out kg. A cup of milk is only a small amount, so the small unit mℓ fits: 250 mℓ a cup, and 8 cups make 2 000 mℓ, which is 2 ℓ, a sensible amount. Writing 250 ℓ would put more than a large bucket into each cup. Example: a small drink carton holds about 200 mℓ; a big bottle of cooking oil holds about 2 ℓ. Watch out: in a story the unit matters as much as the number; small cups use mℓ, and only big bottles or buckets use ℓ.

合理的减法故事 = cerita tolak yang munasabah；水箱 = tangki 第一个故事最合理：一瓶 2 ℓ 的水，踢完球喝掉 350 mℓ，剩 1 ℓ 650 mℓ。家里的水箱只有 2 ℓ、全家洗澡一星期只用 350 mℓ，数量少得不可能。第三个故事用 kg 和 g 量水，算式里的单位是 ℓ 和 mℓ，单位跟算式对不上。 例子：一瓶 1 ℓ 500 mℓ 的水，喝掉 500 mℓ，剩 1 ℓ。 注意：故事的单位一定要跟算式一样，算式写 ℓ、mℓ，故事就不能写成 kg、g。

a sensible minus story = cerita tolak yang munasabah; water tank = tangki The first story makes the most sense: a 2 ℓ bottle of water, 350 mℓ drunk after football, leaves 1 ℓ 650 mℓ. A house tank of only 2 ℓ, with a whole family bathing for a week on 350 mℓ, is impossibly small. The third story measures water in kg and g, but the number sentence uses ℓ and mℓ, so the units do not match the sentence. Example: a 1 ℓ 500 mℓ bottle of water with 500 mℓ drunk leaves 1 ℓ. Watch out: the story must use the same units as the number sentence; if the sentence says ℓ and mℓ, the story cannot say kg and g.

故事配算式 = padankan cerita dengan ayat matematik；鱼 = ikan 故事有 3 条鱼，每条一样重 650 g，就是乘法：650 g × 3 = 1 950 g = 1 kg 950 g。650 g + 3 是把条数当成克来加，不对。650 g + 650 g 只算了 2 条鱼，漏了一条。 例子：4 颗一样的椰子，每颗 900 g，算式是 900 g × 4 = 3 kg 600 g。 注意：“setiap ekor”和“3 ekor”放在一起，就是乘法的信号。

matching a story to a number sentence = padankan cerita dengan ayat matematik; fish = ikan The story has 3 fish of the same mass, 650 g each, so it is multiplying: 650 g × 3 = 1 950 g = 1 kg 950 g. 650 g + 3 adds the number of fish as if it were grams, which is wrong, and 650 g + 650 g counts only 2 fish and leaves one out. Example: 4 identical coconuts at 900 g each give the sentence 900 g × 4 = 3 kg 600 g. Watch out: setiap ekor together with 3 ekor is the signal for multiplying.

长度除法故事 = cerita bahagi panjang；水管 = paip ÷ 4 表示把一样东西平均剪成 4 段：5 m 60 cm 的水管剪成 4 段一样长，每段 1 m 40 cm，第一个故事对。560 ÷ 4 = 140 cm，就是 1 m 40 cm。第二个故事买 4 支水管是乘法，总长应该更长，不会只剩 1 m 40 cm。第三个故事只剪掉 4 cm，剩 5 m 56 cm。 例子：2 m 的木条平均锯成 5 段，每段 40 cm。 注意：除法故事的答案比原来的长度短很多，因为是“每一段”的长度。

a divide story about length = cerita bahagi panjang; pipe = paip ÷ 4 means one thing is cut into 4 equal pieces: a 5 m 60 cm pipe cut into 4 pieces of the same length gives 1 m 40 cm each, so the first story fits. 560 ÷ 4 = 140 cm, which is 1 m 40 cm. The second story buys 4 pipes, which is multiplying, and the total would be longer, not 1 m 40 cm. The third story cuts off only 4 cm, leaving 5 m 56 cm. Example: a 2 m wooden strip sawn into 5 equal pieces gives 40 cm each. Watch out: a divide answer is much shorter than the starting length, because it is the length of each piece.