Reka Cerita

符号 = simbol；关键词 = kata kunci；接起来 = disambung；用掉 = digunakan；平均倒入 = dituang sama banyak 第一步先看符号，再挑合适的动词。加法用“接起来、混合、总共”（disambung、dicampur、jumlah）；减法用“剪掉、用掉、喝掉、剩下”（dipotong、digunakan、diminum、baki）；乘法要有“几样一样的东西，每样多少”（setiap satu）；除法要写“平均剪成几段”或“平均倒进几个容器”（sama banyak）。 例子：看到 ÷ 4 和 ℓ，就可以写“果汁平均倒进 4 个水壶”。 注意：减法的 dipotong 是剪掉一段，除法的 dipotong sama banyak 是剪成一样长的几段，两个意思不同。

symbol = simbol; key word = kata kunci; joined = disambung; used up = digunakan; poured equally = dituang sama banyak Step one is to read the symbol and pick a fitting action word. Plus stories use joined, mixed or total (disambung, dicampur, jumlah); minus stories use cut off, used, drunk or left (dipotong, digunakan, diminum, baki); times stories need several identical things with an amount for each one (setiap satu); divide stories say cut into equal pieces or poured equally into some containers (sama banyak). Example: with ÷ 4 and ℓ, you can write that juice is poured equally into 4 jugs. Watch out: dipotong alone in a minus story cuts off one piece, while dipotong sama banyak in a divide story cuts the whole thing into equal pieces.

长度故事 = cerita panjang；布 = kain；窗帘 = langsir 第二步按“人物、做什么、多少（带单位）、最后一句说答案的意思”来编。符号是 +，关键词选 jumlah，情境选买布做窗帘：妈妈买 2 m 40 cm 蓝布和 1 m 85 cm 白布，两块布一共 4 m 25 cm。最后一句要讲清楚 4 m 25 cm 是“买回来的布总长”，别人一听就明白。 例子：也可以写成接绳子：弟弟把 2 m 40 cm 和 1 m 85 cm 两条绳子接起来，全长 4 m 25 cm。 注意：两个被加的数都要是同一种东西的长度，不能一个是布、一个是人的身高。

a length story = cerita panjang; cloth = kain; curtain = langsir Step two builds the story from who, what they do, how much (with units), and a last sentence that explains the answer. The symbol is +, so the key word is jumlah, and the situation is buying cloth for curtains: Mother buys 2 m 40 cm of blue cloth and 1 m 85 cm of white cloth, 4 m 25 cm of cloth altogether. The last sentence must say that 4 m 25 cm is the total length of cloth bought, so a listener understands at once. Example: a rope version also works: a boy ties ropes of 2 m 40 cm and 1 m 85 cm together, 4 m 25 cm long. Watch out: both numbers being added must be lengths of the same kind of thing, not cloth and a person's height.

质量减法故事 = cerita tolak jisim；面粉 = tepung；剩下 = baki 符号是 −，故事里的面粉一定要变少。Lina 姐有 2 kg 500 g 面粉，做饼干用掉 750 g，剩下 1 kg 750 g，动作和数字都对。第二个故事“再买 750 g”是变多，应该用 +，而且 2 kg 500 g + 750 g 是 3 kg 250 g。第三个“每天买 750 g，买 2 天”是乘法，750 g × 2 = 1 kg 500 g，也对不上。 例子：一袋糖 1 kg，煮糖水用掉 300 g，baki 700 g。 注意：先用符号判断东西变多还是变少，再核对数字和单位。

a minus story about mass = cerita tolak jisim; flour = tepung; left = baki The symbol is −, so the flour in the story must go down. Kak Lina has 2 kg 500 g of flour, uses 750 g for biscuits and has 1 kg 750 g left; the action and the numbers both fit. The second story buys 750 g more, which makes the flour grow and needs +, and 2 kg 500 g + 750 g is 3 kg 250 g anyway. The third story, 750 g a day for 2 days, is multiplying, and 750 g × 2 = 1 kg 500 g does not match either. Example: a 1 kg bag of sugar, 300 g used for syrup, leaves a baki of 700 g. Watch out: use the symbol first to decide whether the amount grows or shrinks, then check the numbers and units.

乘法故事 = cerita darab；除法故事 = cerita bahagi；甘蔗汁 = air tebu；水壶 = jag 质量的乘法故事要有“几包一样的东西，每包多重”：Pak Ali 买 4 包糖，每包 1 kg 250 g，一共 5 kg。这里 4 是包数，1 kg 250 g 是每包的质量。液体体积的除法故事要有“一共多少，平均倒进几个容器”：Rosnah 阿姨做了 3 ℓ 600 mℓ 甘蔗汁，平均倒进 4 个水壶，每壶 900 mℓ。 例子：5 瓶一样的酱油，每瓶 320 mℓ，共 1 ℓ 600 mℓ（乘）；2 kg 鸡肉平分成 4 包，每包 500 g（除）。 注意：乘法里的 4 是“4 包”，不是 4 kg；除法答案的单位要看清楚，900 mℓ 不可写成 900 ℓ。

a times story = cerita darab; a divide story = cerita bahagi; sugar-cane juice = air tebu; jug = jag A times story about mass needs several identical packets and the mass of each: Pak Ali buys 4 packets of sugar at 1 kg 250 g each, 5 kg in all. Here 4 counts packets and 1 kg 250 g is the mass of one. A divide story about liquid volume needs one total poured equally into some containers: Mak Cik Rosnah makes 3 ℓ 600 mℓ of sugar-cane juice and pours it equally into 4 jugs, 900 mℓ in each. Example: 5 identical bottles of soy sauce at 320 mℓ each hold 1 ℓ 600 mℓ (times); 2 kg of chicken packed equally into 4 bags gives 500 g a bag (divide). Watch out: the 4 in the times story counts packets, not kilograms, and the divide answer is 900 mℓ, never 900 ℓ.

合理 = munasabah；游泳池 = kolam renang；杯子 = cawan 三个故事都用了除法，但只有一个合乎生活。爸爸把 1 ℓ 500 mℓ 牛奶平均倒进 6 个杯子，每杯 250 mℓ，一杯差不多就是这么多，合理。游泳池只装 1 ℓ 500 mℓ 水太少了，连一个水桶都装不满。第三个故事每杯 250 ℓ，比一个大水缸还多，单位写错了。 例子：一瓶 1 ℓ 的果汁分给 4 个小朋友，每人 250 mℓ，很合理。 注意：编完故事要想一想“真的会这样吗”，杯子用 mℓ，水缸、水箱才会用到很多 ℓ。

sensible = munasabah; swimming pool = kolam renang; cup = cawan All three stories use dividing, but only one fits real life. Father pours 1 ℓ 500 mℓ of milk equally into 6 cups, 250 mℓ each, which is about one cupful, so it makes sense. A swimming pool holding only 1 ℓ 500 mℓ of water is far too little; it would not even fill a bucket. The third story puts 250 ℓ in each cup, more than a big water drum, so the unit is wrong. Example: a 1 ℓ bottle of juice shared by 4 children gives each 250 mℓ, which is sensible. Watch out: after writing a story, ask whether it could really happen; cups hold millilitres, and only tanks or drums hold many litres.

配对算式和关键词 = padankan ayat matematik dengan kata kunci + 配“两条绳子接起来”，总长 4 m 65 cm；− 配“米用掉了，求剩下”，剩 3 kg 800 g；× 4 配“4 瓶一样，每瓶 750 mℓ”，共 3 ℓ；÷ 3 配“剪成 3 段一样长”，每段 80 cm。只看符号就能配，不必先算出答案。 例子：看到 ÷ 和 m、cm，就找写着“sama panjang”的卡。 注意：× 4 的 4 是瓶数，÷ 3 的 3 是段数，两个都没有单位。

matching sums to key words = padankan ayat matematik dengan kata kunci + goes with two ropes joined, 4 m 65 cm long; − goes with rice used and the amount left, 3 kg 800 g; × 4 goes with 4 identical bottles of 750 mℓ each, 3 ℓ altogether; ÷ 3 goes with cutting into 3 equal pieces, 80 cm each. The symbol alone is enough to match the cards; there is no need to work out the answers first. Example: when you see ÷ with m and cm, look for the card that says sama panjang. Watch out: the 4 in × 4 counts bottles and the 3 in ÷ 3 counts pieces, so neither has a unit.