Unit 2
Tambah Panjang
Mei menyambung reben merah 1 m 75 cm dengan reben biru 2 m 50 cm.
Berapakah jumlah panjang reben itu?
长度加法 = tambah panjang；总长 = jumlah panjang
这一课学把两段或三段长度加起来。Mei 把红丝带 1 m 75 cm 和蓝丝带 2 m 50 cm 接在一起，接好的丝带有多长，就是两段长度相加。长度的进率是 100：100 cm 合成 1 m。
例子：一条 40 cm 的绳子接上一条 30 cm 的绳子，总长 70 cm。
注意：cm 加起来满 100 才换成 1 m，不是满 10。
adding lengths = tambah panjang; total length = jumlah panjang
In this unit we add two or three lengths. Mei joins a red ribbon of 1 m 75 cm to a blue ribbon of 2 m 50 cm; the length of the joined ribbon is the two lengths added. Lengths regroup in hundreds: 100 cm make 1 m.
Example: a 40 cm string tied to a 30 cm string gives a total of 70 cm.
Watch out: change centimetres into 1 m only when they reach 100, not 10.
Unit yang sama
125 m + 248 m · 36 cm + 45 cm
Tambah seperti nombor biasa
| m | |
|---|---|
| 125 | |
| + | 248 |
| 373 |
| cm | |
|---|---|
| 36 | |
| + | 45 |
| 81 |
Jawapan mesti ada unit: 373 m, 81 cm
同单位相加 = tambah unit yang sama
如果几个长度都是 m，或者都是 cm，就像普通加法一样列竖式：125 + 248，个位 5 + 8 = 13 写 3 进 1，十位 1 + 2 + 4 = 7，百位 1 + 2 = 3，得 373 m。36 + 45 = 81 cm 也一样。
例子：路程 230 m + 415 m = 645 m。
注意：算完要把单位写上，答案只写 373 是不完整的。
adding the same unit = tambah unit yang sama
When all the lengths are in metres, or all in centimetres, add them like ordinary numbers in columns: for 125 + 248, the ones give 5 + 8 = 13, write 3 and carry 1; the tens give 1 + 2 + 4 = 7; the hundreds give 1 + 2 = 3, so the total is 373 m. 36 + 45 = 81 cm works the same way.
Example: paths of 230 m and 415 m add up to 645 m.
Watch out: always write the unit; an answer of just 373 is not complete.
Cuba
465 m + 278 m + 136 m = ?
| m | |
|---|---|
| 465 | |
| 278 | |
| + | 136 |
| ? |
三个米数相加 = tambah tiga panjang dalam m
个位 5 + 8 + 6 = 19，写 9 进 1；十位 1 + 6 + 7 + 3 = 17，写 7 进 1；百位 1 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 8。答案 879 m。
例子：120 m + 205 m + 310 m = 635 m。
注意：869 m 漏了个位进上去的 1；779 m 漏了十位进上去的 1。
adding three lengths in metres = tambah tiga panjang dalam m
Ones: 5 + 8 + 6 = 19, write 9 and carry 1. Tens: 1 + 6 + 7 + 3 = 17, write 7 and carry 1. Hundreds: 1 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 8. The answer is 879 m.
Example: 120 m + 205 m + 310 m = 635 m.
Watch out: 869 m misses the carry from the ones, and 779 m misses the carry from the tens.
m di bawah m, cm di bawah cm
3 m 25 cm + 2 m 40 cm
Tambah cm dahulu, kemudian m
| m | cm | |
|---|---|---|
| 3 | 25 | |
| + | 2 | 40 |
| 5 | 65 |
cm: 25 + 40 = 65 · m: 3 + 2 = 5
分栏竖式 = bentuk lazim berlajur；单位对齐 = unit sebaris
复名数的竖式分两栏：左栏写 m，右栏写 cm，中间一条竖线把它们分开。先加右栏 cm：25 + 40 = 65，没有到 100，直接写 65。再加左栏 m：3 + 2 = 5。答案 5 m 65 cm。
例子：1 m 30 cm + 4 m 15 cm → cm 30 + 15 = 45 → m 1 + 4 = 5 → 5 m 45 cm。
注意：m 的数字不能写进 cm 栏，不然会把两种单位混在一起加。
column form with units = bentuk lazim berlajur; units in line = unit sebaris
A sum with two units has two columns: metres on the left, centimetres on the right, and a line between them. Add the right-hand cm column first: 25 + 40 = 65, which is below 100, so write 65. Then add the m column: 3 + 2 = 5. The answer is 5 m 65 cm.
Example: 1 m 30 cm + 4 m 15 cm → cm 30 + 15 = 45 → m 1 + 4 = 5 → 5 m 45 cm.
Watch out: never write a metre number in the cm column, or the two units get mixed up.
Kumpul semula
1 m 75 cm + 2 m 50 cm
cm cukup 100 → tolak 100, bawa 1 m
125 cm = 100 cm + 25 cm = 1 m 25 cm → tulis 25, bawa 1
进位 = kumpul semula；满 100 进 1
先加 cm：75 + 50 = 125 cm。125 已经超过 100，而 100 cm 就是 1 m，所以从 125 减去 100，剩下 25 写在 cm 栏，再把 1 进到 m 栏。接着加 m：进上来的 1 + 1 + 2 = 4。丝带一共 4 m 25 cm。
例子：2 m 60 cm + 1 m 70 cm → 60 + 70 = 130 → 写 30，进 1 → 1 + 2 + 1 = 4 → 4 m 30 cm。
注意：3 m 125 cm 是没整理好的答案，cm 栏的数一定要小于 100。
regrouping = kumpul semula; every 100 makes 1
Add the centimetres first: 75 + 50 = 125 cm. Since 125 is more than 100 and 100 cm make 1 m, take 100 away, write the remaining 25 in the cm column and carry 1 into the m column. Then add the metres: the carried 1 + 1 + 2 = 4. The ribbon is 4 m 25 cm long.
Example: 2 m 60 cm + 1 m 70 cm → 60 + 70 = 130 → write 30, carry 1 → 1 + 2 + 1 = 4 → 4 m 30 cm.
Watch out: 3 m 125 cm is an untidy answer; the cm column must always end below 100.
Cuba
4 m 68 cm + 3 m 57 cm = ?
| m | cm | |
|---|---|---|
| 4 | 68 | |
| + | 3 | 57 |
| ? | ? |
检查满 100 = semak cukup 100
68 + 57 = 125 cm，满 100，所以 125 − 100 = 25，cm 栏写 25，进 1 m。m 栏：1 + 4 + 3 = 8。答案 8 m 25 cm。
例子：5 m 45 cm + 2 m 80 cm → 45 + 80 = 125 → 8 m 25 cm。
注意：7 m 25 cm 是减了 100 却忘了在 m 栏加 1。
checking for 100 = semak cukup 100
68 + 57 = 125 cm, which reaches 100, so 125 − 100 = 25 goes in the cm column and 1 m is carried. Metre column: 1 + 4 + 3 = 8. The answer is 8 m 25 cm.
Example: 5 m 45 cm + 2 m 80 cm → 45 + 80 = 125 → 8 m 25 cm.
Watch out: 7 m 25 cm takes the 100 away but forgets to add 1 to the metres.
Tiga panjang
2 m 45 cm + 1 m 30 cm + 85 cm
Lajur m dibiarkan kosong jika tiada meter
| m | cm | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | ||
| 2 | 45 | |
| 1 | 30 | |
| + | 85 | |
| 4 | 60 |
45 + 30 + 85 = 160 cm → 160 − 100 = 60, bawa 1
三段长度 = tiga panjang
三段长度一起写进竖式。85 cm 没有 m，所以 m 栏空着。先加 cm：45 + 30 + 85 = 160，160 − 100 = 60，写 60，进 1 m。再加 m：1 + 2 + 1 = 4。答案 4 m 60 cm。
例子：50 cm + 1 m 20 cm + 2 m 10 cm → 50 + 20 + 10 = 80 → 1 + 2 = 3 → 3 m 80 cm。
注意：85 要写在 cm 栏的十位和个位，不可以写到 m 栏。
three lengths = tiga panjang
All three lengths go into one column sum. 85 cm has no metres, so its m box stays empty. Add the centimetres: 45 + 30 + 85 = 160; 160 − 100 = 60, so write 60 and carry 1 m. Add the metres: 1 + 2 + 1 = 4. The answer is 4 m 60 cm.
Example: 50 cm + 1 m 20 cm + 2 m 10 cm → 50 + 20 + 10 = 80 → 1 + 2 = 3 → 3 m 80 cm.
Watch out: 85 belongs in the cm column, never in the m column.
Cuba
10 m 45 cm + 6 m 30 cm + 3 m 50 cm = ?
| m | cm | |
|---|---|---|
| 10 | 45 | |
| 6 | 30 | |
| + | 3 | 50 |
| ? | ? |
三个复名数相加 = tambah tiga m dan cm
先加 cm：45 + 30 + 50 = 125，125 − 100 = 25，写 25，进 1。再加 m：1 + 10 + 6 + 3 = 20。答案 20 m 25 cm。
例子：2 m 40 cm + 3 m 30 cm + 1 m 50 cm → 40 + 30 + 50 = 120 → 7 m 20 cm。
注意：19 m 25 cm 少了进上来的 1 m。
adding three lengths with m and cm = tambah tiga m dan cm
Add the centimetres first: 45 + 30 + 50 = 125; 125 − 100 = 25, so write 25 and carry 1. Then the metres: 1 + 10 + 6 + 3 = 20. The answer is 20 m 25 cm.
Example: 2 m 40 cm + 3 m 30 cm + 1 m 50 cm → 40 + 30 + 50 = 120 → 7 m 20 cm.
Watch out: 19 m 25 cm is short by the 1 m that should have been carried.
Tukar jawapan
65 cm + 70 cm
135 cm = 1 m 35 cm
65 cm + 70 cm = 135 cm
100 cm
1 m
baki
35 cm
135 cm = 1 m 35 cm
答案化成复名数 = tukar jawapan kepada m dan cm
只加 cm 的时候，答案可能超过 100：65 + 70 = 135 cm。135 cm 里面有一个 100 cm，就是 1 m，剩下 35 cm，所以 135 cm 也可以写成 1 m 35 cm，两个写法一样长。题目要用 m 和 cm 回答时就要这样写。
例子：80 cm + 45 cm = 125 cm = 1 m 25 cm。
注意：135 cm 不是 13 m 5 cm，拆的时候拿 100 去拆。
changing the answer to m and cm = tukar jawapan kepada m dan cm
When only centimetres are added, the answer can pass 100: 65 + 70 = 135 cm. Inside 135 cm there is one 100 cm, which is 1 m, with 35 cm left over, so 135 cm can also be written as 1 m 35 cm. Both describe the same length.
Example: 80 cm + 45 cm = 125 cm = 1 m 25 cm.
Watch out: 135 cm is not 13 m 5 cm; always split using 100.
Cuba
Ayah memasang lampu hiasan 4 m 85 cm di pagar dan 3 m 60 cm di pintu. Berapakah jumlah panjang lampu hiasan itu?
装饰灯总长 = jumlah panjang lampu hiasan
问 jumlah 就是相加。cm：85 + 60 = 145，145 − 100 = 45，写 45，进 1。m：1 + 4 + 3 = 8。答案 8 m 45 cm。
例子：围篱 2 m 90 cm 加门口 1 m 20 cm → 90 + 20 = 110 → 4 m 10 cm。
注意：7 m 145 cm 还没把 100 cm 换成 1 m。
total length of the lights = jumlah panjang lampu hiasan
Jumlah means we add. Centimetres: 85 + 60 = 145; 145 − 100 = 45, so write 45 and carry 1. Metres: 1 + 4 + 3 = 8. The answer is 8 m 45 cm.
Example: 2 m 90 cm on a fence plus 1 m 20 cm at a door → 90 + 20 = 110 → 4 m 10 cm.
Watch out: 7 m 145 cm has not yet changed 100 cm into 1 m.
Padankan
Jumlah panjang yang betul
配对总长 = padankan jumlah panjang
40 + 60 = 100 cm，刚好 1 m。50 + 50 = 100 cm，写 0 进 1，m 栏 1 + 2 + 1 = 4，所以是 4 m。30 + 90 = 120 cm，写 20 进 1，1 + 1 = 2，得 2 m 20 cm。230 + 170 = 400 m。
例子：25 cm + 75 cm = 100 cm = 1 m。
注意：cm 刚好 100 时，答案只剩整数的米。
matching total lengths = padankan jumlah panjang
40 + 60 = 100 cm, exactly 1 m. 50 + 50 = 100 cm, write 0 and carry 1, so the metres are 1 + 2 + 1 = 4, giving 4 m. 30 + 90 = 120 cm, write 20 and carry 1, then 1 + 1 = 2, giving 2 m 20 cm. 230 + 170 = 400 m.
Example: 25 cm + 75 cm = 100 cm = 1 m.
Watch out: when the centimetres make exactly 100, only whole metres are left.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
cm dahulu → cukup 100, tolak 100 → bawa 1 m
Susun m di bawah m, cm di bawah cm. Tambah cm dahulu. Jika 100 atau lebih, tolak 100 dan bawa 1 ke lajur m.
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