Unit 1
Tukar Unit Panjang
Tinggi pintu bilik darjah ialah 2 m 10 cm.
Pembaris Siti pula 30 cm panjang.
Bagaimanakah kita menukar meter kepada sentimeter?
长度单位换算 = tukar unit panjang；米 = meter (m)；厘米 = sentimeter (cm)
这一课学米和厘米怎样互相换。量门、量桌子这类比较长的东西用 m，量铅笔、尺子这类短的东西用 cm。两个单位说的是同一种东西——长度，只是大小不同，所以可以互相换算。
例子：课室的门高 2 m 10 cm，Siti 的尺长 30 cm。
注意：换算前先看清楚题目要你换成 m 还是 cm。
changing units of length = tukar unit panjang; metre = meter (m); centimetre = sentimeter (cm)
This unit shows how to change between metres and centimetres. We use m for long things such as doors and tables, and cm for short things such as pencils and rulers. Both units measure the same thing, length, so one can be changed into the other.
Example: the classroom door is 2 m 10 cm tall and Siti's ruler is 30 cm long.
Watch out: before converting, check whether the question wants the answer in m or in cm.
1 meter
1 m = 100 cm
1 meter dibahagi kepada 100 petak sentimeter
10 petak = 10 cm
100 petak = 100 cm = 1 m
1 米 = 1 m；100 厘米 = 100 cm
把 1 m 长的纸条摊开，就是一把从 0 到 100 的尺。尺上有 100 个小格，每小格是 1 cm；每 10 小格画一条长线，表示 10 cm。数到 100 格刚好走完整条纸条，所以 1 m = 100 cm。
例子：两条 50 cm 的绳子接起来，刚好是 100 cm，也就是 1 m。
注意：1 m 不是 10 cm，也不是 1 000 cm，一定记住 100。
1 metre = 1 m; 100 centimetres = 100 cm
Unroll a strip that is 1 m long and it becomes a ruler from 0 to 100. The ruler has 100 small spaces, each 1 cm, and a long mark after every 10 spaces shows 10 cm. Counting all 100 spaces takes us to the end of the strip, so 1 m = 100 cm.
Example: two 50 cm strings joined end to end make exactly 100 cm, which is 1 m.
Watch out: 1 m is not 10 cm and not 1 000 cm; the number to remember is 100.
Baca panjang objek
Lihat hujung objek pada pembaris, kemudian pilih bacaan yang betul.
尺 = pembaris；长度 = panjang；刻度 = senggatan
实验台把物件的一端对齐尺的 0，再用另一端所对应的刻度读长度。铅笔和书用厘米；较长的桌子可以把厘米换成米和厘米。每次从三个读数中选择一个，完成三种物件。
例子：如果物件从 0 延伸到 24 刻度，长度就是 24 cm，不要把两端相加。
注意：量长度要从 0 开始；如果起点不是 0，就要用终点减起点。
ruler = pembaris; length = panjang; scale mark = senggatan
The lab lines up one end of each object with 0 on the ruler and asks you to read the scale at the other end. The pencil and book use centimetres; the longer table can be written in metres and centimetres. Choose one of three readings for each object.
Example: if an object stretches from 0 to the mark 24, its length is 24 cm; do not add the endpoints.
Watch out: measurement begins at 0. If an object starts elsewhere, subtract the starting mark from the ending mark.
Semak makmal
Di manakah hujung objek perlu diletakkan sebelum membaca panjang?
一端 = satu hujung；对齐 = selarikan
题目问量长度之前，物件的一端应该与尺上的哪个位置对齐。回想实验台里绿色物件左端与尺的关系，再想为什么这样可以直接读另一端的刻度。请选择位置，不需要计算任何长度。
例子：把铅笔放在实体尺上时，可以用手指固定起点，再检查另一端。
注意：物件不能斜放，也不要只看最接近的数字而忽略起点。
one end = satu hujung; line up = selarikan
The question asks where one end of an object should be aligned before measuring. Recall how the green object began on the ruler in the lab and why that allowed the other endpoint to be read directly. Choose the starting position; no length calculation is needed.
Example: on a real ruler, hold the pencil's starting end with one finger before checking the other end.
Watch out: keep the object straight and do not read only the nearest number while ignoring its starting point.
Meter → sentimeter
3 m = ? cm
Darab dengan 100
3 m
3 × 100
= 300 cm
= 300 cm
12 m
12 × 100
= 1 200 cm
= 1 200 cm
m → cm: × 100 · tambah dua sifar: 3 → 300, 12 → 1 200
米化厘米 = tukar m kepada cm；乘 100 = darab 100
每 1 m 有 100 cm，3 m 就有 3 个 100 cm，所以 3 × 100 = 300 cm。12 m 就是 12 × 100 = 1 200 cm。乘 100 有一个快办法：在米的数字后面添两个 0。
例子：5 m → 5 后面添两个 0 → 500 cm；20 m → 2 000 cm。
注意：20 m 本来就有一个 0，添两个 0 后是 2 000，不要只写成 200。
metres to centimetres = tukar m kepada cm; multiply by 100 = darab 100
Every metre holds 100 cm, so 3 m holds three hundreds: 3 × 100 = 300 cm. In the same way 12 m is 12 × 100 = 1 200 cm. A quick way to multiply by 100 is to write two zeros after the number of metres.
Example: 5 m → put two zeros after 5 → 500 cm; 20 m → 2 000 cm.
Watch out: 20 already ends in one zero, so after adding two more it becomes 2 000, not 200.
Cuba
7 m = ? cm
7 米 = 7 m
每 1 m 是 100 cm，7 m 就是 7 个 100：7 × 100 = 700 cm。也可以在 7 后面添两个 0，得到 700。
例子：4 m = 400 cm；9 m = 900 cm。
注意：70 cm 是错把 1 m 当成 10 cm；7 000 cm 是错把 1 m 当成 1 000 cm。
7 metres = 7 m
Each metre is 100 cm, so 7 m is seven hundreds: 7 × 100 = 700 cm. You can also put two zeros after the 7 to get 700.
Example: 4 m = 400 cm and 9 m = 900 cm.
Watch out: 70 cm treats 1 m as if it were 10 cm, and 7 000 cm treats it as 1 000 cm; both are wrong.
m dan cm → cm
2 m 45 cm = ? cm
Tukar meter dahulu, kemudian tambah sentimeter
2 m 45 cm = 200 cm + 45 cm = 245 cm
4 m 8 cm = 400 cm + 8 cm = 408 cm
Jangan lupa tambah sentimeter yang sudah ada!
复名数化厘米 = tukar m dan cm kepada cm
2 m 45 cm 有两个部分：先把 2 m 换成 200 cm，再把原来的 45 cm 加上去，200 + 45 = 245 cm。4 m 8 cm 也一样：400 + 8 = 408 cm，因为 8 cm 没有十位，所以十位写 0。
例子：3 m 60 cm = 300 + 60 = 360 cm；6 m 2 cm = 602 cm。
注意：只写 200 cm 是漏掉了原来的 45 cm；把 4 m 8 cm 写成 48 cm 也是错的。
metres and centimetres to centimetres = tukar m dan cm kepada cm
2 m 45 cm has two parts. First change 2 m into 200 cm, then add the 45 cm that was already there: 200 + 45 = 245 cm. 4 m 8 cm works the same way: 400 + 8 = 408 cm, with a zero in the tens place because 8 cm has no tens.
Example: 3 m 60 cm = 300 + 60 = 360 cm; 6 m 2 cm = 602 cm.
Watch out: writing only 200 cm forgets the 45 cm, and writing 4 m 8 cm as 48 cm is also wrong.
Cuba
5 m 6 cm = ? cm
十位是 0 = sifar di tempat puluh
5 m = 500 cm，再加 6 cm：500 + 6 = 506 cm。6 cm 只有个位，所以十位要写 0。
例子：8 m 3 cm = 803 cm；1 m 9 cm = 109 cm。
注意：560 cm 是把 6 放错到十位；56 cm 是忘了把 5 m 乘 100。
zero in the tens = sifar di tempat puluh
5 m = 500 cm, then add 6 cm: 500 + 6 = 506 cm. Six centimetres has only ones, so the tens digit must be 0.
Example: 8 m 3 cm = 803 cm; 1 m 9 cm = 109 cm.
Watch out: 560 cm puts the 6 in the tens place by mistake, and 56 cm forgets to multiply the 5 m by 100.
Sentimeter → m dan cm
365 cm = ? m ? cm
Pisahkan ratus, kemudian bahagi 100
365 cm = 300 cm + 65 cm
= 3 m 65 cm
厘米化复名数 = tukar cm kepada m dan cm
把 365 cm 拆成两块：整百的 300 cm 和零头 65 cm。整百的部分除以 100：300 ÷ 100 = 3，变成 3 m；不满 100 的 65 cm 留下来不动。合起来就是 3 m 65 cm。
例子：472 cm = 400 cm + 72 cm = 4 m 72 cm。
注意：百位的数字就是米，后面两位就是厘米，不可以把三位数整个当成米。
centimetres to metres and centimetres = tukar cm kepada m dan cm
Split 365 cm into two pieces: the hundreds part, 300 cm, and the leftover, 65 cm. Divide the hundreds part by 100: 300 ÷ 100 = 3, which gives 3 m. The 65 cm is less than 100, so it stays as it is. Together they make 3 m 65 cm.
Example: 472 cm = 400 cm + 72 cm = 4 m 72 cm.
Watch out: the hundreds digit tells the metres and the last two digits tell the centimetres; do not turn the whole number into metres.
Cuba
820 cm = ?
拆整百 = pisahkan ratus
820 = 800 + 20。800 cm ÷ 100 = 8 m，剩下 20 cm 不变，所以是 8 m 20 cm。
例子：930 cm = 9 m 30 cm；610 cm = 6 m 10 cm。
注意：8 m 2 cm 把最后的 0 弄丢了；82 m 是把 820 当成除以 10，都是不对的。
splitting off the hundreds = pisahkan ratus
820 = 800 + 20. Then 800 cm ÷ 100 = 8 m, and the 20 cm stays, so the answer is 8 m 20 cm.
Example: 930 cm = 9 m 30 cm; 610 cm = 6 m 10 cm.
Watch out: 8 m 2 cm loses the last zero, and 82 m comes from dividing 820 by 10 instead of 100.
Ratus sahaja
600 cm · 1 500 cm · 1 205 cm
Bahagi 100: buang dua sifar
600 cm
600 ÷ 100
= 6 m
= 6 m
1 500 cm
1 500 ÷ 100
= 15 m
= 15 m
1 205 cm = 1 200 cm + 5 cm = 12 m 5 cm
整百厘米化米 = tukar ratus cm kepada m
如果厘米刚好是整百，就直接除以 100，也就是去掉后面两个 0：600 cm = 6 m，1 500 cm = 15 m。四位数像 1 205 cm，先拆成 1 200 cm 和 5 cm，1 200 ÷ 100 = 12，所以是 12 m 5 cm。
例子：2 300 cm = 23 m；1 408 cm = 14 m 8 cm。
注意：1 205 cm 的零头是 05，也就是 5 cm，不是 50 cm。
whole hundreds of cm to metres = tukar ratus cm kepada m
When the centimetres are exact hundreds, simply divide by 100, which removes the last two zeros: 600 cm = 6 m and 1 500 cm = 15 m. For a four-digit number such as 1 205 cm, split it into 1 200 cm and 5 cm; 1 200 ÷ 100 = 12, so it is 12 m 5 cm.
Example: 2 300 cm = 23 m; 1 408 cm = 14 m 8 cm.
Watch out: the leftover in 1 205 cm is 05, which is 5 cm, not 50 cm.
Cuba
Tinggi pintu bilik darjah 2 m 10 cm. Berapakah tingginya dalam sentimeter?
门的高度 = tinggi pintu
2 m = 200 cm，再加 10 cm：200 + 10 = 210 cm。所以门高 210 cm。
例子：书柜高 1 m 80 cm = 180 cm。
注意：2 010 cm 是把 2 和 10 直接接在一起；12 cm 是把 2 和 10 相加，两个都没有先乘 100。
height of the door = tinggi pintu
2 m = 200 cm, and adding the 10 cm gives 200 + 10 = 210 cm. So the door is 210 cm tall.
Example: a bookcase 1 m 80 cm tall is 180 cm tall.
Watch out: 2 010 cm just sticks 2 and 10 together, and 12 cm adds 2 and 10; neither multiplies the metres by 100 first.
Padankan
Panjang yang sama
配对相等的长度 = padankan panjang yang sama
4 m = 4 × 100 = 400 cm。3 m 50 cm = 300 + 50 = 350 cm。1 m 5 cm = 100 + 5 = 105 cm。1 050 cm 拆成 1 000 cm 和 50 cm，就是 10 m 50 cm。
例子：2 m 20 cm 和 220 cm 一样长。
注意：105 cm 和 1 050 cm 很像，要看清楚有几位数。
matching equal lengths = padankan panjang yang sama
4 m = 4 × 100 = 400 cm. 3 m 50 cm = 300 + 50 = 350 cm. 1 m 5 cm = 100 + 5 = 105 cm. 1 050 cm splits into 1 000 cm and 50 cm, which is 10 m 50 cm.
Example: 2 m 20 cm and 220 cm are the same length.
Watch out: 105 cm and 1 050 cm look alike, so count the digits carefully.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
m → cm: × 100 · cm → m: ÷ 100
1 m = 100 cm. Darab 100 untuk tukar meter kepada sentimeter. Pisahkan ratus dan bahagi 100 untuk tukar sentimeter kepada meter.
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