Reka Cerita

符号 = simbol；关键词 = kata kunci；总时间 = jumlah masa；时间差 = beza masa 第一步看符号选关键词。+ 的故事讲“一共用了多久”（jumlah masa）；− 的故事讲“谁比谁久多少”或“还剩多少时间”（beza masa、lebih lama）；× 的故事要有“每次用一样的时间，做了几次”；÷ 的故事要有“一段时间平均分给几件事，每件一样长”。 例子：看到 × 3，故事里就要写“做了 3 次，每次 1 jam 15 minit”。 注意：× 和 ÷ 后面的数字是次数或件数，不是时间，不要写成 3 minit。

symbol = simbol; key word = kata kunci; total time = jumlah masa; difference in time = beza masa Step one is to read the symbol and pick key words. A plus story asks how long altogether (jumlah masa). A minus story asks how much longer one took, or how much time is left (beza masa, lebih lama). A times story needs the same time repeated a number of times. A divide story needs one length of time split equally among several jobs. Example: when you see × 3, the story must say the job was done 3 times, each taking 1 jam 15 minit. Watch out: the number after × or ÷ counts times or items; it is not a time, so never write it as 3 minit.

加法故事 = cerita tambah；减法故事 = cerita tolak；比……久 = lebih lama daripada 加法故事：Lina 星期六看书 1 jam 45 minit，星期日看 2 jam 30 minit，两天加起来是 4 jam 15 minit。减法故事换成比较：Ali 练足球 3 jam 20 minit，哥哥练 1 jam 35 minit，Ali 比哥哥多练 1 jam 45 minit。两个故事都是“人物 + 活动 + 时间 + 最后一句说答案的意思”。 例子：煮饭用了 40 minit，煮汤用了 25 minit，煮饭比煮汤多用 15 minit，这也是减法故事。 注意：减法故事的最后一句要说“多多久”或“少多久”，不要写成“一共”。

plus story = cerita tambah; minus story = cerita tolak; longer than = lebih lama daripada The plus story: Lina reads for 1 jam 45 minit on Saturday and 2 jam 30 minit on Sunday, which joins up to 4 jam 15 minit. The minus story compares instead: Ali trains for 3 jam 20 minit, his brother for 1 jam 35 minit, so Ali trains 1 jam 45 minit longer. Both stories have a person, an activity, the times, and a last sentence that explains the answer. Example: cooking rice takes 40 minutes and cooking soup takes 25 minutes, so rice takes 15 minutes longer; that is also a minus story. Watch out: a minus story ends with how much longer or shorter, never with altogether.

比较两段时间 = bandingkan dua masa 符号是 −，故事要比较两段时间，关键词是 lebih lama。Puan Ros 开车 3 jam 20 minit，Encik Ravi 开 1 jam 35 minit，Puan Ros 多开了 1 jam 45 minit，这个对。第二个故事说“再开 1 jam 35 minit，一共……”，那是加法，而且一共应该是 4 jam 55 minit。第三个故事“每天、3 天”是乘法。 例子：姐姐睡午觉 1 jam 10 minit，妹妹睡 40 minit，姐姐多睡 30 minit。 注意：先用符号判断故事类型，再核对数字。

comparing two times = bandingkan dua masa The symbol is −, so the story must compare two lengths of time, with the key word lebih lama. Puan Ros drives for 3 jam 20 minit and Encik Ravi for 1 jam 35 minit, so Puan Ros drives 1 jam 45 minit longer; that fits. The second story adds another 1 jam 35 minit, which is a plus story whose total would be 4 jam 55 minit. The third story, every day for 3 days, is a times story. Example: big sister naps for 1 hour 10 minutes and little sister for 40 minutes, so big sister naps 30 minutes longer. Watch out: decide the story type from the symbol first, then check the numbers.

乘法故事 = cerita darab；除法故事 = cerita bahagi；一样长 = sama panjang 乘法故事：Kak Nora 缝一件 baju kurung 要 1 jam 15 minit，缝了 3 件一样的，一共 3 jam 45 minit。这里 3 是件数，1 jam 15 minit 是每件的时间。除法故事：Encik Ravi 用 5 jam 20 minit 油漆 4 间房，每间用的时间一样长，所以每间 1 jam 20 minit。 例子：每天浇花 20 minit，浇 5 天是 1 jam 40 minit（乘）；2 jam 洗 4 辆车，每辆一样久，每辆 30 minit（除）。 注意：除法故事一定要写“sama panjang”或“masa sama”，不然看不出是平均分。

times story = cerita darab; divide story = cerita bahagi; equally long = sama panjang The times story: Kak Nora sews one baju kurung in 1 jam 15 minit and sews 3 identical ones, taking 3 jam 45 minit altogether. Here 3 counts the pieces and 1 jam 15 minit is the time for each. The divide story: Encik Ravi paints 4 rooms in 5 jam 20 minit, every room taking the same time, so each room takes 1 jam 20 minit. Example: watering plants 20 minutes a day for 5 days takes 1 hour 40 minutes (times); washing 4 cars in 2 hours at the same pace gives 30 minutes per car (divide). Watch out: a divide story must say sama panjang or masa sama, or readers cannot tell the time is shared equally.

配对算式和故事 = padankan ayat dengan cerita 看符号就能配：+ 配“两天看书的总时间”；− 配“比哥哥多练多久”；× 3 配“3 件衣服，每件 1 jam 15 minit”；÷ 4 配“4 间房，每间一样久”。不用真的去算，只要认出每个符号说的是哪一种动作。 例子：看到 ÷ 4，就去找有“4 间”和“sama panjang”的卡片。 注意：× 3 和 ÷ 4 里的 3 和 4 是件数，故事里写 3 helai、4 buah，不写成时间。

matching sums to stories = padankan ayat dengan cerita The symbol tells you the match: + goes with total reading time over two days; − goes with training longer than the brother; × 3 goes with 3 pieces of clothing at 1 jam 15 minit each; ÷ 4 goes with 4 rooms taking equal time. No working is needed, only spotting what kind of action each symbol describes. Example: for ÷ 4, look for the card that mentions 4 rooms and sama panjang. Watch out: the 3 and the 4 count items, so the story says 3 helai and 4 buah, never a time.

合乎常理 = munasabah 2 minit 30 saat × 4 的故事要有“同样的时间做 4 次”，而且这段时间要合理。刷牙一次 2 minit 30 saat，刷 4 次共 10 minit，合理。开车从亚庇到古达只要 2 minit 30 saat 不可能，要几个小时，所以不合常理。第三个故事是两个人的时间相加，2 minit 30 saat + 4 minit 也不是 10 minit。 例子：洗手一次 30 saat，洗 6 次共 3 minit，合理。 注意：编完故事要问自己：现实生活里真的会这么快或这么慢吗？

sensible = munasabah A story for 2 minit 30 saat × 4 needs the same time repeated 4 times, and that time must be realistic. Brushing teeth for 2 minit 30 saat, 4 times, makes 10 minit; that is sensible. Driving from Kota Kinabalu to Kudat in 2 minit 30 saat is impossible, since it takes hours. The third story adds two different people's times, and 2 minit 30 saat + 4 minit is not 10 minit anyway. Example: washing hands for 30 seconds, 6 times, takes 3 minutes; that is realistic. Watch out: after writing a story, ask yourself whether anything in real life really goes that fast or that slow.