Unit 3
Perkaitan Dalam Masa
Dalam acara lari, Siti menamatkan larian dalam 2 minit. Jam randik menunjukkan saat sahaja.
Berapa saatkah itu? Bagaimana pula menukar jam kepada minit?
Mari kita belajar perkaitan antara jam, minit dan saat.
时间单位的关系 = perkaitan dalam masa；秒 = saat；分钟 = minit；小时 = jam
这一课学小时、分钟、秒之间怎样互相换算。秒是最小的单位，60 秒合成 1 分钟，60 分钟合成 1 小时。Siti 跑步用了 2 分钟，计时器只显示秒数，所以要把分钟换成秒。反过来，很多秒也可以拆回几分几秒。
例子：2 分钟就是 2 个 60 秒。
注意：时间是满 60 进一，不是像长度、金钱那样满 100 进一。
relationship between units of time = perkaitan dalam masa; second = saat; minute = minit; hour = jam
In this unit we change between hours, minutes and seconds. The second is the smallest unit: 60 seconds make 1 minute, and 60 minutes make 1 hour. Siti ran for 2 minutes but the stopwatch shows only seconds, so we must turn minutes into seconds. We will also turn a large number of seconds back into minutes and seconds.
Example: 2 minutes is two lots of 60 seconds.
Watch out: time regroups at 60, not at 100 as length and money do.
Tiga jarum
Jarum jam, jarum minit, jarum saat
Muka jam ada 60 senggatan kecil
jarum jam
pendek, tebal
jarum minit
panjang
jarum saat
nipis, paling laju
Muka jam: 60 senggatan kecil · jarum saat bergerak 1 senggatan = 1 saat
时针 = jarum jam；分针 = jarum minit；秒针 = jarum saat；小格 = senggatan
这个钟面有三根针：短而粗的是时针，长的蓝针是分针，细细的红针是秒针，秒针走得最快。钟面一圈有 60 个小格，秒针每走一小格就是 1 秒。图上的钟是 10 点 10 分 40 秒：秒针指着 8，8 × 5 = 40 秒。
例子：秒针从 12 走到 3，经过 15 个小格，就是 15 秒。
注意：不要把秒针当成分针来读，先认清颜色和粗细。
hour hand = jarum jam; minute hand = jarum minit; second hand = jarum saat; small mark = senggatan
This clock has three hands: the short thick one is the hour hand, the long blue one is the minute hand, and the thin red one is the second hand, which moves fastest. The face has 60 small marks all the way round, and each step of the second hand to the next mark is 1 second. The clock shows 10:10 and 40 seconds: the second hand points at 8, and 8 × 5 = 40 seconds.
Example: the second hand moving from 12 to 3 passes 15 marks, which is 15 seconds.
Watch out: do not read the second hand as the minute hand; check the colour and thickness first.
1 minit = 60 saat
Satu pusingan jarum saat
Jarum saat berpusing sekali, jarum minit bergerak satu senggatan
1 pusingan jarum saat = 60 saat = 1 minit
转一整圈 = pusingan lengkap；1 分钟 = 60 秒
看钟面的变化：一开始是 9 点 10 分。红色秒针从 12 出发，沿着 60 个小格走完一整圈回到 12，用了 60 秒。就在这段时间里，蓝色分针只前进了一小格，从 10 分走到 11 分。秒针走一圈，分针才走一格，所以 1 分钟 = 60 秒。
例子：秒针走两整圈，分针走两小格，就是 2 分钟 = 120 秒。
注意：秒针一圈是 60 秒，不是 100 秒，也不是 12 秒。
a full turn = pusingan lengkap; 1 minute = 60 seconds
Watch the clock change: it starts at 9:10. The red second hand leaves 12, passes all 60 marks and arrives back at 12, which takes 60 seconds. In that same time the blue minute hand moves forward only one mark, from 10 minutes past to 11 minutes past. One full turn of the second hand equals one step of the minute hand, so 1 minute = 60 seconds.
Example: two full turns of the second hand move the minute hand two marks: 2 minutes = 120 seconds.
Watch out: one turn of the second hand is 60 seconds, not 100 and not 12.
Minit → saat
3 minit = ? saat
Unit besar ke unit kecil: darab 60
0
60
120
180
saat
cara tambah
60 + 60 + 60 = 180
cara darab
3 × 60 = 180
3 minit = 180 saat
大单位化小单位 = unit besar ke unit kecil；乘 60 = darab 60
分钟换成秒，就是问“有几个 60 秒”。3 分钟就是 3 个 60 秒：60 + 60 + 60 = 180，也可以直接用乘法 3 × 60 = 180。在数线上每跳一格是 60 秒，跳 3 格到 180。所以 3 分钟 = 180 秒。
例子：6 分钟 = 6 × 60 = 360 秒。
注意：算 3 × 60 可以先算 3 × 6 = 18，再在后面加一个 0。
big unit to small unit = unit besar ke unit kecil; multiply by 60 = darab 60
Changing minutes to seconds asks how many lots of 60 seconds there are. 3 minutes is three lots of 60 seconds: 60 + 60 + 60 = 180, or with multiplication 3 × 60 = 180. On the number line each jump is 60 seconds, and three jumps reach 180. So 3 minutes = 180 seconds.
Example: 6 minutes = 6 × 60 = 360 seconds.
Watch out: to work out 3 × 60, do 3 × 6 = 18 first and then put a 0 on the end.
Cuba
5 minit = ? saat
分钟化秒 = minit ke saat
每分钟有 60 秒，5 分钟就是 5 个 60：5 × 60 = 300 秒。先算 5 × 6 = 30，再加一个 0 得 300。
例子：4 分钟 = 4 × 60 = 240 秒。
注意：500 秒是把 1 分钟当成 100 秒；65 秒是把 5 和 60 加起来了。
minutes to seconds = minit ke saat
Each minute has 60 seconds, so 5 minutes is five lots of 60: 5 × 60 = 300 seconds. Work out 5 × 6 = 30, then add a 0 to get 300.
Example: 4 minutes = 4 × 60 = 240 seconds.
Watch out: 500 treats a minute as 100 seconds, and 65 adds 5 and 60 instead of multiplying.
1 jam = 60 minit
Jam → minit
Jarum minit berpusing sekali = 1 jam
jarum minit
1 pusingan
→
1 pusingan
→
1 jam = 60 minit · 4 jam = 4 × 60 = 240 minit
1 小时 = 60 分钟；分针转一圈 = jarum minit 1 pusingan
从 4 点到 5 点，长长的分针绕钟面走了一整圈，经过 60 个小格，也就是 60 分钟；同一段时间，短短的时针只从 4 走到 5。所以 1 小时 = 60 分钟。小时化分钟跟分钟化秒一样，乘 60：4 小时 = 4 × 60 = 240 分钟。
例子：2 小时 = 2 × 60 = 120 分钟。
注意：时针走一个数字是 1 小时，分针走一个数字只是 5 分钟，两根针的速度不一样。
1 hour = 60 minutes; one turn of the minute hand = jarum minit 1 pusingan
From 4 o'clock to 5 o'clock the long minute hand travels once round the face, past 60 marks, which is 60 minutes, while the short hour hand moves only from 4 to 5. So 1 hour = 60 minutes. Changing hours to minutes works like minutes to seconds: multiply by 60, so 4 hours = 4 × 60 = 240 minutes.
Example: 2 hours = 2 × 60 = 120 minutes.
Watch out: the hour hand moving one number is 1 hour, but the minute hand moving one number is only 5 minutes.
Cuba
7 jam = ? minit
小时化分钟 = jam ke minit
1 小时有 60 分钟，7 小时就是 7 个 60：7 × 60 = 420 分钟。先算 7 × 6 = 42，再加一个 0。
例子：3 小时 = 3 × 60 = 180 分钟。
注意：700 是把 1 小时当成 100 分钟；67 是把 7 和 60 相加，都不对。
hours to minutes = jam ke minit
An hour has 60 minutes, so 7 hours is seven lots of 60: 7 × 60 = 420 minutes. Work out 7 × 6 = 42 and put a 0 after it.
Example: 3 hours = 3 × 60 = 180 minutes.
Watch out: 700 treats an hour as 100 minutes, and 67 adds 7 and 60; both are wrong.
Minit → jam dan minit
200 minit = ? jam ? minit
Potong setiap 60 minit menjadi 1 jam
拆成 60 的倍数 = pecahkan kepada 60；剩余 = baki
小单位化成复名数，就是看里面有几个 60。把 200 分钟画成一条长条，每 60 分钟切一刀：60、120、180，切出 3 段，就是 3 小时。180 到 200 还剩 20 分钟，不够 60，不能再变成 1 小时。所以 200 分钟 = 3 小时 20 分钟。
例子：130 分钟 = 60 + 60 + 10 = 2 小时 10 分钟。
注意：剩下的数一定要比 60 小；剩 70 就表示还能多切一段。
breaking into sixties = pecahkan kepada 60; leftover = baki
To change a small unit into a mixed measure, see how many 60s fit inside. Draw 200 minutes as a long bar and cut it every 60 minutes: 60, 120, 180 gives 3 pieces, which is 3 hours. From 180 to 200 there are 20 minutes left, fewer than 60, so they cannot make another hour. So 200 minutes = 3 hours 20 minutes.
Example: 130 minutes = 60 + 60 + 10 = 2 hours 10 minutes.
Watch out: the leftover must be less than 60; a leftover of 70 means you can cut one more piece.
Cuba
150 saat = ? minit ? saat
秒化分秒 = saat ke minit dan saat
150 秒里有几个 60？60、120，两个，就是 2 分钟；150 − 120 = 30，剩 30 秒。所以 150 秒 = 2 分 30 秒。
例子：100 秒 = 60 + 40 = 1 分 40 秒。
注意：1 分 50 秒是把 1 分钟当成 100 秒，这是最常见的错误。
seconds to minutes and seconds = saat ke minit dan saat
How many 60s are in 150 seconds? 60 and 120, two of them, so 2 minutes; then 150 − 120 = 30 seconds are left. So 150 seconds = 2 minutes 30 seconds.
Example: 100 seconds = 60 + 40 = 1 minute 40 seconds.
Watch out: 1 minute 50 seconds treats a minute as 100 seconds, the most common mistake.
Jam dan minit → minit
2 jam 15 minit = ? minit
Tukar jam kepada minit dahulu, kemudian tambah minit yang ada
langkah 1: jam → minit
2 × 60 = 120
langkah 2: tambah minit
120 + 15 = 135
2 jam 15 minit = 135 minit
Begitu juga: 1 minit 20 saat = 60 + 20 = 80 saat
复名数化小单位 = tukar kepada unit kecil
2 小时 15 分钟有两部分：小时和分钟。先把小时换成分钟：2 × 60 = 120 分钟；再加上原来的 15 分钟：120 + 15 = 135。所以 2 小时 15 分钟 = 135 分钟。分秒也一样：1 分 20 秒 = 60 + 20 = 80 秒。
例子：3 小时 5 分钟 = 180 + 5 = 185 分钟。
注意：只乘小时的部分，后面的 15 分钟不用乘 60，直接加上去。
mixed measure to the small unit = tukar kepada unit kecil
2 hours 15 minutes has two parts, hours and minutes. Change the hours first: 2 × 60 = 120 minutes, then add the 15 minutes already there: 120 + 15 = 135. So 2 hours 15 minutes = 135 minutes. Minutes and seconds work the same way: 1 minute 20 seconds = 60 + 20 = 80 seconds.
Example: 3 hours 5 minutes = 180 + 5 = 185 minutes.
Watch out: only the hours get multiplied by 60; the 15 minutes are simply added on.
Cuba
4 minit 25 saat = ? saat
分秒化秒 = minit dan saat ke saat
先把 4 分钟化成秒：4 × 60 = 240 秒；再加上 25 秒：240 + 25 = 265 秒。
例子：2 分 10 秒 = 120 + 10 = 130 秒。
注意：425 是把 1 分钟当成 100 秒；240 是忘了加上后面的 25 秒。
minutes and seconds to seconds = minit dan saat ke saat
First change 4 minutes into seconds: 4 × 60 = 240 seconds, then add the 25 seconds: 240 + 25 = 265 seconds.
Example: 2 minutes 10 seconds = 120 + 10 = 130 seconds.
Watch out: 425 treats a minute as 100 seconds, and 240 forgets to add the 25 seconds.
Padankan
Nilai masa yang sama
等值配对 = padankan nilai yang sama
大化小乘 60：2 分钟 = 2 × 60 = 120 秒；6 小时 = 6 × 60 = 360 分钟。小化大每 60 切一段：90 秒 = 60 + 30 = 1 分 30 秒；310 分钟 = 300 + 10，300 是 5 个 60，所以是 5 小时 10 分钟。
例子：75 秒 = 1 分 15 秒。
注意：310 分钟不是 3 小时 10 分钟，那是按 100 来切的错误。
matching equal times = padankan nilai yang sama
Big to small, multiply by 60: 2 minutes = 2 × 60 = 120 seconds, and 6 hours = 6 × 60 = 360 minutes. Small to big, cut every 60: 90 seconds = 60 + 30 = 1 minute 30 seconds, and 310 minutes = 300 + 10, where 300 is five 60s, so 5 hours 10 minutes.
Example: 75 seconds = 1 minute 15 seconds.
Watch out: 310 minutes is not 3 hours 10 minutes; that comes from cutting in hundreds.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
unit besar → kecil: × 60 · unit kecil → besar: potong setiap 60
1 minit = 60 saat, 1 jam = 60 minit. Darab 60 untuk menukar ke unit kecil. Potong setiap 60 untuk menukar ke unit besar; baki mesti kurang daripada 60.
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