Unit 2
Kenal Kalendar
Hari Guru jatuh pada 16 Mei. Kelas 3 Cerdas mahu memberi kad kepada cikgu.
Hari itu hari apa? Adakah sekolah dibuka?
Mari kita belajar membaca kalendar.
日历 = kalendar；日期 = tarikh；星期几 = hari apa
这一课认识日历：一年有 12 个月，每个月的天数不一样；一星期有 7 天，名字按固定次序一直循环。学会以后，就能在月历上找到某个日期是星期几。我们用真实的 2026 年日历来练习，例如 5 月 16 日教师节是星期几。
例子：在月历上找到 16，再往上看那一栏的星期名称。
注意：日期（几号）和星期（星期几）是两回事，不要混在一起。
calendar = kalendar; date = tarikh; which day = hari apa
In this unit we get to know the calendar: a year has 12 months with different numbers of days, and a week has 7 days whose names repeat in a fixed order. Then we can find which day of the week any date falls on. We practise with the real calendar for 2026, for example the day of Teachers' Day on 16 May.
Example: find 16 on the month page, then look up its column to the day name.
Watch out: the date (the number) and the day of the week (its name) are two different things.
1 tahun = 12 bulan
Dua belas bulan
Januari ialah bulan pertama, Disember bulan terakhir
1
Januari
2
Februari
3
Mac
4
April
5
Mei
6
Jun
7
Julai
8
Ogos
9
September
10
Oktober
11
November
12
Disember
1 tahun = 12 bulan · selepas Disember → Januari tahun baharu
一年 = 1 tahun；月份 = bulan；第一个 = pertama
一年有十二个月，按次序从一月排到十二月，马来文的一月叫 Januari，十二月叫 Disember。每个月份都有自己的号码，例如八月 Ogos 是第八个月，九月 September 是第九个月。十二月过完，新的一年又从一月重新开始，一直这样循环下去。
例子：Mei 是第 5 个月，它之前是 April，之后是 Jun。
注意：马来文的 3 月写成 Mac，8 月写成 Ogos，拼法跟英文不一样。
year = tahun; month = bulan; first = pertama
A year has 12 months in this order: Januari, Februari, Mac, April, Mei, Jun, Julai, Ogos, September, Oktober, November and Disember. Each month has a number, so Ogos is the 8th month. When December ends, the new year starts again with January.
Example: Mei is the 5th month; April comes before it and Jun comes after it.
Watch out: in Malay, March is spelt Mac and August is spelt Ogos, which differ from the English names.
Cuba
Bulan apakah yang datang selepas Jun?
下一个月 = bulan seterusnya
Jun 是第 6 个月，下一个就是第 7 个月 Julai。Mei 是第 5 个月，在 Jun 之前；Ogos 是第 8 个月，跳过了一个。
例子：Oktober 之后是 November。
注意：Jun 和 Julai 拼法很像，读的时候要看清楚。
the next month = bulan seterusnya
Jun is the 6th month, so the next one is the 7th month, Julai. Mei is the 5th month and comes before Jun; Ogos is the 8th month and skips one.
Example: after Oktober comes November.
Watch out: Jun and Julai look alike, so read them carefully.
Bilangan hari
31, 30 atau 28/29 hari
Cara buku lima: bonjol = 31 hari, lekuk = 30 hari
Jan
31
Feb
28/29
Mac
31
Apr
30
Mei
31
Jun
30
Jul
31
Ogos
31
Sep
30
Okt
31
Nov
30
Dis
31
31 hari: Jan, Mac, Mei, Jul, Ogos, Okt, Dis · 30 hari: Apr, Jun, Sep, Nov
Februari: 28 hari (2026) · 29 hari pada tahun lompat (2028)
天数 = bilangan hari；骨节 = bonjol；凹位 = lekuk；闰年 = tahun lompat
每个月天数不一样，可以用拳头记：握拳，从食指的骨节开始数月份，骨节上的月份有 31 天，两个骨节之间凹下去的月份有 30 天。数到小指骨节是 Julai，再从头的骨节数 Ogos，所以 7 月和 8 月都是 31 天。二月特别，平常 28 天，闰年 29 天。
例子：2026 年二月有 28 天，2028 年是闰年，二月有 29 天。
注意：Februari 落在凹位，但它不是 30 天，这是最容易记错的地方。
number of days = bilangan hari; knuckle = bonjol; dip = lekuk; leap year = tahun lompat
Months have different lengths, and your fist can help. Make a fist and count the months over your knuckles: a month on a knuckle has 31 days and a month in a dip between knuckles has 30 days. Julai lands on the last knuckle, then you start again on the first knuckle for Ogos, so July and August both have 31 days. February is special: 28 days, or 29 in a leap year.
Example: February 2026 has 28 days; 2028 is a leap year, so its February has 29 days.
Watch out: Februari sits in a dip, yet it does not have 30 days; this is the easiest one to get wrong.
Cuba
Berapakah bilangan hari dalam bulan September?
九月的天数 = hari dalam September
用拳头数：Ogos 在第一个骨节，September 在它旁边的凹位，所以 September 有 30 天。31 天是骨节上的月份，28 天只属于平年的二月。
例子：November 也在凹位，有 30 天。
注意：Ogos 有 31 天，September 只有 30 天，两个相邻的月份不一样。
days in September = hari dalam September
Count on your fist: Ogos is on the first knuckle and September is in the dip next to it, so September has 30 days. 31 days belong to the months on the knuckles, and 28 days only to February in an ordinary year.
Example: November is also in a dip and has 30 days.
Watch out: Ogos has 31 days but September has only 30, so neighbouring months can differ.
1 minggu = 7 hari
Tujuh hari berulang
Ahad → Isnin → … → Sabtu → Ahad semula
Ahad→Isnin→Selasa→Rabu→Khamis→Jumaat→Sabtu
↺ selepas Sabtu, kembali ke Ahad
semalam
Selasa
hari ini
Rabu
esok
Khamis
lusa
Jumaat
一星期 = 1 minggu；昨天 = semalam；明天 = esok；后天 = lusa
一星期有 7 天：Ahad（星期日）、Isnin（一）、Selasa（二）、Rabu（三）、Khamis（四）、Jumaat（五）、Sabtu（六）。星期六过完又回到星期日，一直循环。今天是 Rabu，昨天就是前一个 Selasa，明天是 Khamis，后天再往后数一个是 Jumaat。
例子：今天 Sabtu，明天就回到 Ahad。
注意：从 Sabtu 往后数会绕回 Ahad，不会停在 Sabtu。
week = minggu; yesterday = semalam; tomorrow = esok; the day after tomorrow = lusa
A week has 7 days: Ahad (Sunday), Isnin, Selasa, Rabu, Khamis, Jumaat and Sabtu (Saturday). After Sabtu we go back to Ahad, again and again. If today is Rabu, yesterday was the day before, Selasa; tomorrow is Khamis; and counting one more, the day after tomorrow is Jumaat.
Example: if today is Sabtu, tomorrow wraps round to Ahad.
Watch out: counting forward from Sabtu loops back to Ahad; the week does not stop at Sabtu.
Cuba
Hari ini hari Jumaat. Lusa ialah hari apa?
后天 = lusa
后天是从今天往后数两天。今天 Jumaat，往后一天是 Sabtu（明天），再往后一天绕回 Ahad，所以后天是 Ahad。Sabtu 只是明天；Rabu 是往回数两天，那是前天。
例子：今天 Isnin，后天是 Rabu。
注意：数到 Sabtu 以后要绕回 Ahad，不要停住。
the day after tomorrow = lusa
Lusa means two days after today. Today is Jumaat; one day on is Sabtu (tomorrow), and one more day wraps round to Ahad, so lusa is Ahad. Sabtu is only tomorrow, and Rabu is two days backwards, which is the day before yesterday.
Example: if today is Isnin, lusa is Rabu.
Watch out: after Sabtu, keep counting round to Ahad instead of stopping.
Cari hari pada kalendar
16 Mei 2026 hari apa?
Cari tarikh, kemudian naik ke atas lajur
tarikh 16 → naik lajur yang sama → Sabtu
查星期 = cari hari；直栏 = lajur；某天落在 = jatuh pada
在月历找星期几分三步：先翻到对的年份和月份（2026 年 5 月），再在数字里找到 16，然后沿着 16 所在的那一直栏往上看，最上面的名字就是星期几。16 那一栏顶上写着 Sab，也就是 Sabtu，所以 2026 年教师节是星期六，学校不上课。
例子：同一栏的 9 号和 23 号也都是 Sabtu，因为每隔 7 天回到同一栏。
注意：要往正上方看，不要斜着看到旁边一栏的名字。
finding the day = cari hari; column = lajur; falls on = jatuh pada
Finding the day on a calendar takes three steps: turn to the right year and month (May 2026), find the number 16, then follow the column of 16 straight up; the name at the top is the day. The top of that column says Sab, short for Sabtu, so Teachers' Day 2026 is a Saturday and there is no school.
Example: the 9th and the 23rd sit in the same column and are Saturdays too, because every 7 days you land in the same column.
Watch out: look straight up the column, not slanting across to the name next to it.
Cuba
Hari Kebangsaan, 31 Ogos 2026, jatuh pada hari apa?
| Ogos 2026 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahad | Isnin | Selasa | Rabu | Khamis | Jumaat | Sabtu |
| 1 | ||||||
| 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
| 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 |
| 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 |
| 30 | 31 | |||||
国庆日 = Hari Kebangsaan
在 2026 年 8 月的月历找到 31，它在最后一行。沿着这一栏往正上方看，顶上写的是 Isnin，所以 2026 年国庆日是星期一。Ahad 和 Selasa 是它左右两边的栏。
例子：同一栏上面的 24 号、17 号、10 号也都是 Isnin。
注意：31 号在最后一行，往上看时眼睛容易歪到旁边一栏，可以用手指沿着栏往上移。
National Day = Hari Kebangsaan
Find 31 on the August 2026 calendar; it is on the last row. Follow its column straight up and the top says Isnin, so National Day 2026 is a Monday. Ahad and Selasa are the columns on either side.
Example: the 24th, 17th and 10th in the same column are Mondays as well.
Watch out: because 31 is on the bottom row, your eyes can drift into the next column; slide a finger up the column to stay on track.
Cuba
Satu minggu selepas 10 Ogos 2026 ialah …
| Ogos 2026 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahad | Isnin | Selasa | Rabu | Khamis | Jumaat | Sabtu |
| 1 | ||||||
| 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
| 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 |
| 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 |
| 30 | 31 | |||||
一星期以后 = satu minggu selepas
一星期是 7 天，所以 10 + 7 = 17，答案是 8 月 17 日。在月历上，往下一行、同一栏就是 7 天后，10 号和 17 号都在 Isnin 那一栏。11 号只是明天；20 号是把一星期当成 10 天。
例子：3 Ogos 一星期后是 10 Ogos。
注意：一星期是 7 天，不是 10 天。
one week after = satu minggu selepas
A week is 7 days, so 10 + 7 = 17 and the answer is 17 August. On the calendar, one row down in the same column is always 7 days later, and both the 10th and the 17th are in the Isnin column. The 11th is only the next day, and the 20th treats a week as 10 days.
Example: one week after 3 Ogos is 10 Ogos.
Watch out: a week has 7 days, not 10.
Padankan
Unit masa kalendar
配对 = padankan；单位 = unit
一年有 12 个月；一星期有 7 天；2026 年不是闰年，所以二月有 28 天；November 在拳头的凹位，有 30 天。这四个数字是看日历最常用的。
例子：Disember 在骨节上，有 31 天。
注意：28 天和 30 天容易对调，二月才是 28 天。
matching = padankan; unit = unit
A year has 12 months; a week has 7 days; 2026 is not a leap year, so its February has 28 days; and November falls in a dip on your fist, so it has 30 days. These four facts are the ones you use most when reading a calendar.
Example: Disember falls on a knuckle and has 31 days.
Watch out: 28 days and 30 days are easy to swap; only February has 28.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
12 bulan · 7 hari · cari tarikh → naik lajur
1 tahun = 12 bulan, 1 minggu = 7 hari. Bulan ada 31, 30 atau 28/29 hari. Cari tarikh pada kalendar, kemudian naik lajur untuk membaca nama hari.
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