Unit 1
Sebut dan Rekod Waktu
SK Taman Ria mengadakan Karnival Membaca.
Pukul berapakah setiap aktiviti bermula? Aktiviti apakah yang berlaku sebelum dan selepas rehat?
Mari kita sebut dan rekod waktu.
说出时刻 = sebut waktu；记录时刻 = rekod waktu；日程表 = jadual
这一课学看活动日程表：找出每个活动几点开始、几点结束，用马来文说出来，再正确写下来。我们用一所学校的“阅读嘉年华”做例子，还要分清楚哪个活动在前（sebelum），哪个在后（selepas）。
例子：早上 8:30 开幕，写成 8:30 pagi。
注意：写时刻一定要加上 pagi、tengah hari、petang 或 malam，不然别人不知道是早上还是晚上。
say the time = sebut waktu; record the time = rekod waktu; timetable = jadual
In this unit we read an event timetable: we find when each activity starts and ends, say the time aloud in Malay and write it down correctly. Our example is a school Reading Carnival, and we will also decide which activity comes before (sebelum) and which comes after (selepas).
Example: the opening at half past eight in the morning is written 8:30 pagi.
Watch out: always add pagi, tengah hari, petang or malam, or nobody can tell whether you mean morning or night.
Bahagian hari
pagi · tengah hari · petang · malam
Jam yang sama boleh berlaku dua kali sehari
pagi
7:00 pagi
ke sekolah
ke sekolah
tengah hari
12:15 tengah hari
makan
makan
petang
3:45 petang
main bola
main bola
malam
8:00 malam
buat kerja rumah
buat kerja rumah
7:00 pagi ≠ 7:00 malam — perkataan bahagian hari sangat penting
早上 = pagi；中午 = tengah hari；下午 = petang；晚上 = malam
钟面一天要转两圈，所以同一个“7 点”一天会出现两次。为了分清楚，马来文在时刻后面加上时段词：中午 12 点以前是 pagi；12 点左右是 tengah hari；大约 2 点以后到天黑是 petang；天黑以后是 malam。
例子：7:00 pagi 上学，7:00 malam 吃晚餐，两个都是 7 点，却差了 12 个小时。
注意：时段词写在时刻后面，例如 3:45 petang，不是 petang 3:45。
morning = pagi; midday = tengah hari; afternoon = petang; night = malam
The clock goes round twice a day, so the same 7 o'clock happens two times. To tell them apart, Malay adds a part-of-day word after the time: before 12 noon is pagi, around 12 is tengah hari, from about 2 until dusk is petang, and after dark is malam.
Example: 7:00 pagi is going to school and 7:00 malam is dinner; both say 7 o'clock but they are twelve hours apart.
Watch out: the part-of-day word comes after the time, as in 3:45 petang, not before it.
Sebut dan tulis
8:30 pagi
Jam dahulu, kemudian minit, kemudian bahagian hari
sebut
pukul lapan
tiga puluh pagi
tiga puluh pagi
tulis
8:30 pagi
jarum pendek → jam · jarum panjang → minit (setiap nombor = 5 minit)
时针 = jarum jam；分针 = jarum minit；用数字写 = tulis dengan angka
读钟先看短针（时针）：它在 8 和 9 中间，表示 8 点多。再看长针（分针）：它指着 6，每一个数字代表 5 分钟，6 × 5 = 30 分钟。马来文说成 pukul lapan tiga puluh pagi，用数字写成 8:30 pagi，冒号前面是小时，后面是分钟。
例子：长针指着 3 是 15 分钟，指着 9 是 45 分钟。
注意：8:30 时短针不是正对 8，而是走到 8 和 9 的中间，不要因此读成 9 点。
hour hand = jarum jam; minute hand = jarum minit; write in numbers = tulis dengan angka
To read the clock, look at the short hour hand first: it sits between 8 and 9, so it is past 8 o'clock. Then look at the long minute hand: it points at 6, and each number stands for 5 minutes, so 6 × 5 = 30 minutes. In Malay we say pukul lapan tiga puluh pagi and write 8:30 pagi, with hours before the colon and minutes after it.
Example: the long hand on 3 means 15 minutes and on 9 means 45 minutes.
Watch out: at 8:30 the short hand is halfway between 8 and 9, so do not read it as 9 o'clock.
Gerakkan jarum jam
Tambah atau tolak lima minit, atau tambah satu jam. Bawa jarum ke waktu sasaran.
时针 = jarum jam；分针 = jarum minit；时段 = bahagian hari
实验台让你每次增加或减少 5 分钟，也可以增加 1 小时。蓝色长针是分针，绿色短针是时针；分针前进时，时针也会慢慢移动，而不是一直停在数字上。把指针移到三个目标时间。
例子：8:30 时，分针指向 6，时针位于 8 和 9 的中间。
注意：12:45 tengah hari 不是 12:45 malam，要连同一天的时段一起读。
hour hand = jarum jam; minute hand = jarum minit; part of day = bahagian hari
The lab lets you add or subtract 5 minutes at a time, or add one hour. The long blue hand shows minutes and the shorter green hand shows hours. As minutes pass, the hour hand moves gradually instead of remaining exactly on a number. Move the hands to all three target times.
Example: at 8:30, the minute hand points to 6 and the hour hand sits halfway between 8 and 9.
Watch out: 12:45 tengah hari is not 12:45 malam, so read the part of day as well.
Semak makmal
Apabila minit bertambah, apakah yang berlaku pada jarum jam?
短针 = jarum jam；慢慢移动 = bergerak perlahan
题目问分钟增加时，短的时针怎样变化。回想实验台连续按几次“+5 minit”，观察时针是否完全不动、缓慢前进，还是快速转一圈。根据实际观察选择，不需要先算目标时间。
例子：可以从 8:00 连续移到 8:30，比较时针起点和终点的位置。
注意：不要把时针和较长的分针混在一起。
short hand = jarum jam; moves gradually = bergerak perlahan
The question asks what the short hour hand does as minutes increase. Recall pressing +5 minit several times and observe whether the short hand stays still, moves gradually, or spins quickly around the clock. Choose from that observation; you do not need to calculate a target time first.
Example: move from 8:00 to 8:30 and compare the hour hand's starting and ending positions.
Watch out: do not confuse the short hour hand with the longer minute hand.
Cuba
Selepas sekolah, Amin bermain bola pada waktu ini. Rekod waktunya.
选对时刻 = pilih waktu yang betul
短针在 3 和 4 中间，所以是 3 点多；长针指着 9，9 × 5 = 45 分钟，所以是 3:45。放学以后去踢球，是下午，用 petang。答案是 3:45 petang。
例子：放学后 4:30 去补习，写成 4:30 petang。
注意：9:15 petang 是把长针和短针看反了；3:45 pagi 是半夜，不会去踢球。
choosing the right time = pilih waktu yang betul
The short hand is between 3 and 4, so it is past 3 o'clock; the long hand points at 9, and 9 × 5 = 45 minutes, so the time is 3:45. Playing football after school happens in the afternoon, so we use petang. The answer is 3:45 petang.
Example: going to tuition at half past four after school is written 4:30 petang.
Watch out: 9:15 petang mixes up the two hands, and 3:45 pagi is the middle of the night, not football time.
Baca jadual
Jadual Karnival Membaca
Cari aktiviti, kemudian baca waktu di sebelahnya
| Waktu | Aktiviti · Karnival Membaca SK Taman Ria |
|---|---|
| 7:45 pagi | Pendaftaran murid |
| 8:30 pagi | Majlis perasmian |
| 9:15 pagi | Pertandingan bercerita |
| 10:40 pagi | Rehat |
| 11:20 pagi | Kuiz buku |
| 12:30 tengah hari | Penyampaian hadiah |
| 2:00 petang | Bersurai |
Majlis perasmian → baris yang sama → 8:30 pagi
日程表 = jadual；横行 = baris；直栏 = lajur
日程表左边一栏是时刻，右边一栏是活动，同一横行的时刻和活动是一对。要找某个活动几点开始，先在右栏找到活动名字，再往左看同一行的时刻。表里的活动是从上到下按时间先后排的。
例子：找“Majlis perasmian”，同一行左边写 8:30 pagi，所以开幕礼在 8:30 pagi 开始。
注意：眼睛要沿着同一行横着看，看到上一行或下一行，时刻就会读错。
timetable = jadual; row = baris; column = lajur
In the timetable the left column gives the time and the right column gives the activity; a time and an activity on the same row belong together. To find when an activity starts, locate its name in the right column and then look left along the same row. The activities are listed from top to bottom in time order.
Example: Majlis perasmian has 8:30 pagi on its row, so the opening ceremony starts at 8:30 pagi.
Watch out: keep your eyes on one row; drifting to the row above or below gives the wrong time.
Sebelum dan selepas
Garis masa karnival
Aktiviti di kiri berlaku lebih awal
sebelum rehat: Pertandingan bercerita (9:15 pagi) · selepas rehat: Kuiz buku (11:20 pagi)
时间轴 = garis masa；之前 = sebelum；之后 = selepas
把日程表的活动按时刻从左到右排在一条线上，就是时间轴。越左边越早，越右边越晚。看休息（Rehat，10:40 pagi）：它左边紧挨着的是讲故事比赛（9:15 pagi），所以讲故事比赛在休息之前；右边紧挨着的是书本问答（11:20 pagi），在休息之后。
例子：开幕礼（8:30 pagi）在讲故事比赛之前，颁奖礼（12:30 tengah hari）在书本问答之后。
注意：时刻数字大不一定比较晚，2:00 petang 比 12:30 tengah hari 晚，要看时段词。
timeline = garis masa; before = sebelum; after = selepas
Putting the activities on a line from left to right in time order gives a timeline: further left is earlier and further right is later. Look at Rehat at 10:40 pagi. Right next to it on the left is the storytelling contest at 9:15 pagi, so that comes before the break; right next to it on the right is the book quiz at 11:20 pagi, so that comes after.
Example: the opening at 8:30 pagi is before the storytelling contest, and the prize giving at 12:30 tengah hari is after the book quiz.
Watch out: a bigger number is not always later; 2:00 petang is later than 12:30 tengah hari, so check the part-of-day word.
Cuba
Aktiviti selepas Pertandingan bercerita?
| Waktu | Aktiviti · Karnival |
|---|---|
| 7:45 pagi | Pendaftaran murid |
| 8:30 pagi | Majlis perasmian |
| 9:15 pagi | Pertandingan bercerita |
| 10:40 pagi | Rehat |
| 11:20 pagi | Kuiz buku |
| 12:30 tengah hari | Penyampaian hadiah |
| 2:00 petang | Bersurai |
之后的活动 = aktiviti selepas
在日程表找到讲故事比赛（9:15 pagi），紧接在它下面一行的活动就是之后的活动：休息，10:40 pagi。开幕礼在讲故事比赛之前；书本问答虽然也比较晚，但中间隔着休息，不是紧接着的那一个。
例子：Pendaftaran murid 之后紧接着的是 Majlis perasmian。
注意：“selepas” 问的是紧接着的下一项，不是任何比较晚的活动。
the activity after = aktiviti selepas
Find the storytelling contest at 9:15 pagi in the timetable; the row directly below it is the activity that comes after: Rehat at 10:40 pagi. The opening ceremony comes before the contest, and although the book quiz is later, the break sits between them, so it is not the next one.
Example: right after Pendaftaran murid comes Majlis perasmian.
Watch out: selepas here means the very next activity, not just any later one.
Cuba
Bilakah Kuiz buku bermula?
| Waktu | Aktiviti · Karnival |
|---|---|
| 7:45 pagi | Pendaftaran murid |
| 8:30 pagi | Majlis perasmian |
| 9:15 pagi | Pertandingan bercerita |
| 10:40 pagi | Rehat |
| 11:20 pagi | Kuiz buku |
| 12:30 tengah hari | Penyampaian hadiah |
| 2:00 petang | Bersurai |
开始时刻 = waktu mula
在右栏找到 Kuiz buku，往左看同一行，写的是 11:20 pagi，所以书本问答 11:20 pagi 开始。11 点多还没到中午 12 点，所以用 pagi。
例子：Rehat 那一行写 10:40 pagi，表示休息 10:40 pagi 开始。
注意：10:40 pagi 是上一行休息的时刻；写成 petang 就变成下午，跟表上不一样。
starting time = waktu mula
Find Kuiz buku in the right column and look left along the same row: it says 11:20 pagi, so the book quiz starts at 11:20 pagi. Twenty past eleven is still before 12 noon, so the word is pagi.
Example: the Rehat row says 10:40 pagi, so the break starts at 10:40 pagi.
Watch out: 10:40 pagi belongs to the row above, and writing petang turns it into the afternoon, which does not match the table.
Mula dan tamat
Bercerita: 9:15 pagi hingga 10:40 pagi
Satu aktiviti tamat apabila aktiviti seterusnya bermula
bermula
9:15 pagi
tamat
10:40 pagi
Rekod: “Pertandingan bercerita bermula pada 9:15 pagi dan tamat pada 10:40 pagi.”
开始 = bermula；结束 = tamat
这份日程表没有另外写结束时刻，一个活动结束，下一个活动就开始。所以讲故事比赛的结束时刻，就是下一行休息的开始时刻 10:40 pagi。记录时用句子：Pertandingan bercerita bermula pada 9:15 pagi dan tamat pada 10:40 pagi，开始写在前，结束写在后。
例子：书本问答 11:20 pagi 开始，下一项颁奖礼 12:30 tengah hari 开始，所以问答在 12:30 tengah hari 结束。
注意：别把开始和结束的时刻对调，先发生的是 bermula。
start = bermula; end = tamat
This timetable does not list end times separately: when one activity ends, the next one starts. So the storytelling contest ends at the start time of the next row, the break, which is 10:40 pagi. We record it as a sentence, start first and end second: Pertandingan bercerita bermula pada 9:15 pagi dan tamat pada 10:40 pagi.
Example: the book quiz starts at 11:20 pagi and the prize giving starts at 12:30 tengah hari, so the quiz ends at 12:30 tengah hari.
Watch out: do not swap the start and end times; the earlier one is bermula.
Cuba
Penyampaian hadiah bermula pada 12:30 tengah hari. Bagaimanakah waktu ini disebut?
说出时刻 = sebut waktu
12:30 tengah hari 的读法是先说小时 dua belas，再说分钟 tiga puluh，最后说时段 tengah hari，合起来是 pukul dua belas tiga puluh tengah hari。颁奖礼在中午，所以不是 malam。
例子：9:15 pagi 读作 pukul sembilan lima belas pagi。
注意：顺序是“小时 → 分钟 → 时段”，把分钟放在前面就读错了。
saying the time = sebut waktu
To say 12:30 tengah hari, give the hour first, dua belas, then the minutes, tiga puluh, and finally the part of day, tengah hari: pukul dua belas tiga puluh tengah hari. The prize giving is at midday, so it cannot be malam.
Example: 9:15 pagi is said as pukul sembilan lima belas pagi.
Watch out: the order is hour, then minutes, then part of day; putting the minutes first is wrong.
Padankan
Aktiviti dan waktu mula
配对活动和时刻 = padankan aktiviti dan waktu
回想日程表，从上到下是：报到 7:45 pagi，开幕礼 8:30 pagi，……休息 10:40 pagi，……解散 2:00 petang。最早的活动在最上面，最晚的在最下面。解散在下午，所以用 petang。
例子：Kuiz buku 配 11:20 pagi。
注意：2:00 petang 虽然数字小，却是一天里最晚的，因为它在下午。
matching activities and times = padankan aktiviti dan waktu
Recall the timetable from top to bottom: registration at 7:45 pagi, the opening at 8:30 pagi, then later the break at 10:40 pagi, and at the very end going home at 2:00 petang. The earliest activity is on the top row and the latest on the bottom row. Going home is in the afternoon, so it uses petang.
Example: Kuiz buku pairs with 11:20 pagi.
Watch out: 2:00 petang has a small number but is the latest time of all, because it is in the afternoon.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
jam → minit → bahagian hari
Baca jadual pada baris yang sama. Tulis waktu seperti 8:30 pagi. Aktiviti di atas berlaku sebelum, aktiviti di bawah berlaku selepas.
Latihan tambahan →