Latihan tambahan

整数相加 = tambah nombor bulat 从个位加起：5 + 0 = 5；十位 4 + 8 = 12，写 2 进 1；百位 1 + 2 + 6 = 9；千位 1 + 3 = 4。答案 RM 4 925。RM 4 825 是忘了十位的进位。 例子：RM 2 360 + RM 1 470 = RM 3 830。 注意：十位满 10 要进到百位。

adding whole amounts = tambah nombor bulat Start from the ones: 5 + 0 = 5; tens 4 + 8 = 12, write 2 and carry 1; hundreds 1 + 2 + 6 = 9; thousands 1 + 3 = 4. The answer is RM 4 925. RM 4 825 forgets the carry from the tens. Example: RM 2 360 + RM 1 470 = RM 3 830. Watch out: when the tens reach 10, carry to the hundreds.

连续借位 = kumpul semula berturut-turut 7 000 的个位、十位、百位都是 0，要从千位借：7 000 看成 6 千 9 百 9 十 10。然后 10 − 5 = 5，9 − 8 = 1，9 − 3 = 6，6 − 2 = 4，答案 RM 4 615。RM 5 615 是千位忘了借出去的 1。检查：4 615 + 2 385 = 7 000。 例子：RM 5 000 − RM 1 234 = RM 3 766。 注意：被借过的千位要少 1。

regrouping across zeros = kumpul semula berturut-turut The ones, tens and hundreds of 7 000 are all 0, so borrow from the thousands: think of 7 000 as 6 thousands, 9 hundreds, 9 tens and 10 ones. Then 10 − 5 = 5, 9 − 8 = 1, 9 − 3 = 6, 6 − 2 = 4, giving RM 4 615. RM 5 615 forgets that the thousands lent 1. Check: 4 615 + 2 385 = 7 000. Example: RM 5 000 − RM 1 234 = RM 3 766. Watch out: the thousands digit is 1 less after lending.

乘一位数 = darab satu digit 个位 6 × 4 = 24，写 4 进 2；十位 3 × 4 = 12，加 2 是 14，写 4 进 1；百位 2 × 4 = 8，加 1 是 9。答案 RM 944。RM 924 是十位忘了加进位。 例子：RM 125 × 4 = RM 500。 注意：进位要加在下一位的乘积上。

multiplying by a one-digit number = darab satu digit Ones 6 × 4 = 24, write 4 and carry 2; tens 3 × 4 = 12, plus 2 is 14, write 4 and carry 1; hundreds 2 × 4 = 8, plus 1 is 9. The answer is RM 944. RM 924 forgets to add the carry in the tens. Example: RM 125 × 4 = RM 500. Watch out: the carry is added to the next column's product.

除以一位数 = bahagi satu digit 19 ÷ 5 = 3 余 4；带下 5 变 45，45 ÷ 5 = 9；带下 0，0 ÷ 5 = 0。商是 390。RM 39 是漏了最后的 0；RM 380 是 45 ÷ 5 算错。检查：390 × 5 = 1 950。 例子：RM 1 200 ÷ 5 = RM 240。 注意：最后带下的 0 也要除，商要写 0。

dividing by a one-digit number = bahagi satu digit 19 ÷ 5 = 3 remainder 4; bring down 5 to make 45, and 45 ÷ 5 = 9; bring down 0, and 0 ÷ 5 = 0. The quotient is 390. RM 39 drops the final 0, and RM 380 gets 45 ÷ 5 wrong. Check: 390 × 5 = 1 950. Example: RM 1 200 ÷ 5 = RM 240. Watch out: the last 0 brought down must still be divided, giving a 0 in the quotient.

加 sen = tambah sen 先加 sen：60 + 75 = 135 sen，写 35，进 1 ringgit。再加 ringgit：1 + 48 + 25 = 74。答案 RM 74.35。RM 73.35 是忘了进位的 1。 例子：RM 10.80 + RM 5.40 = RM 16.20。 注意：sen 满 100 才进 1。

adding sen = tambah sen Add the sen first: 60 + 75 = 135 sen, write 35 and carry 1 ringgit. Then the ringgit: 1 + 48 + 25 = 74. The answer is RM 74.35. RM 73.35 leaves out the carried 1. Example: RM 10.80 + RM 5.40 = RM 16.20. Watch out: carry 1 only when the sen reach 100.

减 sen 要借位 = tolak sen dengan kumpul semula RM 90 写成 RM 90.00。sen：00 − 45 不够，向 ringgit 借 1，100 − 45 = 55。ringgit：89 − 36 = 53。答案 RM 53.55。RM 54.55 是借了却没把 90 减成 89。检查：53.55 + 36.45 = 90.00。 例子：RM 50 − RM 12.30 = RM 37.70。 注意：借 1 ringgit 后，ringgit 要少 1。

subtracting sen with regrouping = tolak sen dengan kumpul semula Write RM 90 as RM 90.00. Sen: 00 − 45 is not enough, so borrow 1 ringgit and do 100 − 45 = 55. Ringgit: 89 − 36 = 53. The answer is RM 53.55. RM 54.55 borrows but forgets to change 90 to 89. Check: 53.55 + 36.45 = 90.00. Example: RM 50 − RM 12.30 = RM 37.70. Watch out: after borrowing 1 ringgit, the ringgit is 1 less.

乘 sen = darab sen 50 sen × 6 = 300 sen = RM 3，sen 的位置写 00。ringgit：12 × 6 = 72，加进来的 3 是 75。答案 RM 75。RM 72.30 是把 50 × 6 当成 30 sen。 例子：RM 2.50 × 4 = RM 10。 注意：300 sen 是 3 ringgit，不是 30 sen。

multiplying sen = darab sen 50 sen × 6 = 300 sen = RM 3, so the sen place shows 00. Ringgit: 12 × 6 = 72, plus the carried 3 gives 75. The answer is RM 75. RM 72.30 treats 50 × 6 as 30 sen. Example: RM 2.50 × 4 = RM 10. Watch out: 300 sen is 3 ringgit, not 30 sen.

整数除法 = bahagi nombor bulat 84 ÷ 7：7 × 10 = 70，剩 14，14 ÷ 7 = 2，所以是 10 + 2 = 12。答案 RM 12。检查：12 × 7 = 84。RM 14 是 84 ÷ 6，除数看错了。 例子：RM 63 ÷ 7 = RM 9。 注意：验算用商乘除数，要回到 84。

dividing whole amounts = bahagi nombor bulat 84 ÷ 7: 7 × 10 = 70, leaving 14, and 14 ÷ 7 = 2, so the answer is 10 + 2 = 12. The answer is RM 12. Check: 12 × 7 = 84. RM 14 is 84 ÷ 6, using the wrong divisor. Example: RM 63 ÷ 7 = RM 9. Watch out: check by multiplying the quotient by the divisor to get back 84.

三个数相加 = tambah tiga nombor 一步一步加：2 500 + 1 750 = 4 250；4 250 + 980 = 5 230。答案 RM 5 230。RM 5 130 是百位进位漏了；RM 4 230 是千位少加了 1。 例子：RM 1 000 + RM 2 500 + RM 600 = RM 4 100。 注意：250 + 980 = 1 230，超过 1 000，千位要加 1。

adding three numbers = tambah tiga nombor Add step by step: 2 500 + 1 750 = 4 250, then 4 250 + 980 = 5 230. The answer is RM 5 230. RM 5 130 misses a carry in the hundreds, and RM 4 230 is short of 1 in the thousands. Example: RM 1 000 + RM 2 500 + RM 600 = RM 4 100. Watch out: 250 + 980 = 1 230 passes 1 000, so the thousands go up by 1.

从 10 000 减 = tolak daripada 10 000 10 000 看成 9 千 9 百 9 十 10：10 − 5 = 5，9 − 7 = 2，9 − 4 = 5，9 − 6 = 3。答案 RM 3 525。RM 4 525 是千位没有借出去。检查：3 525 + 6 475 = 10 000。 例子：RM 10 000 − RM 2 000 = RM 8 000。 注意：10 000 减去一个数，答案和那个数加起来要刚好 10 000。

subtracting from 10 000 = tolak daripada 10 000 Think of 10 000 as 9 thousands, 9 hundreds, 9 tens and 10 ones: 10 − 5 = 5, 9 − 7 = 2, 9 − 4 = 5, 9 − 6 = 3. The answer is RM 3 525. RM 4 525 forgets the borrowing in the thousands. Check: 3 525 + 6 475 = 10 000. Example: RM 10 000 − RM 2 000 = RM 8 000. Watch out: the answer and the number taken away must add up to exactly 10 000.

大数乘 8 = darab 8 个位 5 × 8 = 40，写 0 进 4；十位 2 × 8 = 16，加 4 是 20，写 0 进 2；百位 1 × 8 = 8，加 2 是 10，写 0 进 1；千位 1 × 8 = 8，加 1 是 9。答案 RM 9 000。检查：9 000 ÷ 8 = 1 125。 例子：RM 1 250 × 8 = RM 10 000。 注意：连续三个 0 不是算错，是每一位都刚好满 10。

multiplying a large number by 8 = darab 8 Ones 5 × 8 = 40, write 0 and carry 4; tens 2 × 8 = 16, plus 4 is 20, write 0 and carry 2; hundreds 1 × 8 = 8, plus 2 is 10, write 0 and carry 1; thousands 1 × 8 = 8, plus 1 is 9. The answer is RM 9 000. Check: 9 000 ÷ 8 = 1 125. Example: RM 1 250 × 8 = RM 10 000. Watch out: three zeros in a row is not a mistake; each column happened to reach exactly 10.

除以 9 = bahagi 9 63 ÷ 9 = 7，再带下两个 0，商是 700。答案 RM 700。RM 70 是漏了一个 0；RM 800 是 63 ÷ 9 算错，8 × 9 = 72 太大。检查：700 × 9 = 6 300。 例子：RM 5 400 ÷ 9 = RM 600。 注意：被除数有几个 0 跟在后面，商也要有几个 0。

dividing by 9 = bahagi 9 63 ÷ 9 = 7, then bring down the two zeros, so the quotient is 700. The answer is RM 700. RM 70 drops a zero, and RM 800 gets 63 ÷ 9 wrong, since 8 × 9 = 72 is too big. Check: 700 × 9 = 6 300. Example: RM 5 400 ÷ 9 = RM 600. Watch out: the zeros at the end of the dividend appear in the quotient too.

闯关记账 = kira baki stesen 第一站收入 120：500 + 120 = 620。第二站支出 85：620 − 85 = 535。答案 RM 535。RM 705 是把支出也加上去；RM 295 是把收入也减掉。检查：535 + 85 = 620，620 − 120 = 500。 例子：RM 300，收 RM 50，付 RM 20，结余 RM 330。 注意：一站一站算，上一站的结余是下一站的起点。

keeping the station tally = kira baki stesen Station 1 brings in 120: 500 + 120 = 620. Station 2 spends 85: 620 − 85 = 535. The answer is RM 535. RM 705 adds the spending as well, and RM 295 subtracts the income as well. Check: 535 + 85 = 620 and 620 − 120 = 500. Example: RM 300, receiving RM 50 and paying RM 20, leaves RM 330. Watch out: work station by station; each balance is the start of the next.