Unit 14
Relaks Minda
Permainan stesen wang!
Kumpulan kamu bermula dengan RM 500. Pergi ke 5 stesen. Di setiap stesen, cabut satu kad tugasan: wang masuk atau wang keluar?
Kira baki baharu dan catat dalam borang kiraan. Siapa yang paling tepat?
闯关游戏 = permainan stesen；站 = stesen；任务卡 = kad tugasan；记账表 = borang kiraan
这一课用游戏复习整章的加减乘除。每组从 RM 500 开始，走 5 个站，每站抽一张任务卡。任务卡会告诉你钱是进来（wang masuk）还是出去（wang keluar），你要算出新的结余（baki），记在记账表上。上一站的结余就是下一站的起点，所以每一站都要算对。
例子：有 RM 500，任务卡说“赢得 RM 350”，结余就是 RM 850。
注意：钱进来用加，钱出去用减；买几件一样的东西要先乘。
station game = permainan stesen; station = stesen; task card = kad tugasan; record form = borang kiraan
This unit reviews the whole chapter's adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing through a game. Each group starts with RM 500 and visits 5 stations, drawing one task card at each. The card tells you whether money comes in (wang masuk) or goes out (wang keluar), and you work out the new balance (baki) and write it on the record form. The balance from one station is the starting amount for the next, so every station must be right.
Example: with RM 500, a card saying you win RM 350 makes the balance RM 850.
Watch out: money in means add, money out means subtract, and several identical items must be multiplied first.
Peraturan
Borang kiraan
Masuk → tambah · Keluar → tolak · Baki → bawa ke stesen seterusnya
| stesen | masuk | keluar | baki |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mula | RM 500 |
masuk → baki + masuk · keluar → baki − keluar · baki baharu → stesen seterusnya
收入 = wang masuk；支出 = wang keluar；结余 = baki；出纳员 = juruwang
记账表有四栏：站、收入、支出、结余。第一行是起点，结余 RM 500。收入要加到结余上，支出要从结余减掉，算出的新结余带到下一站。每一站都有一个出纳员检查你的计算，错了要重算。
例子：结余 RM 500，支出 RM 40，新结余 RM 460，写在 baki 栏。
注意：支出的数一定写在 wang keluar 栏，写错栏结余就会算反。
money in = wang masuk; money out = wang keluar; balance = baki; cashier = juruwang
The record form has four columns: station, money in, money out and balance. The first row is the start, with a balance of RM 500. Money in is added to the balance, money out is taken from it, and the new balance is carried to the next station. A cashier at each station checks your working, and a mistake means doing it again.
Example: a balance of RM 500 with RM 40 going out becomes RM 460, written in the baki column.
Watch out: an amount going out must be written in the wang keluar column; in the wrong column the balance comes out backwards.
Stesen 1
Berapakah baki baharu?
Kad tugasan
Kumpulan kamu menang pertandingan mewarna. Hadiah RM 350.
| stesen | masuk | keluar | baki |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mula | RM 500 | ||
| Stesen 1 | RM 350 | ? |
第一站 = stesen 1；奖金 = hadiah；收入 = wang masuk
赢了比赛得到奖金 RM 350，钱是进来的，写在 wang masuk 栏。结余 = 500 + 350 = 850。RM 150 是把 350 减掉，方向错了；RM 350 只是奖金本身，不是结余。
例子：结余 RM 500，收到 RM 60，新结余 RM 560。
注意：先判断方向：奖金、卖东西、利息都是进来的钱。
station 1 = stesen 1; prize = hadiah; money in = wang masuk
Winning the contest brings in RM 350, so it goes in the wang masuk column. Balance = 500 + 350 = 850. RM 150 subtracts the 350, which is the wrong direction, and RM 350 is only the prize, not the balance.
Example: a balance of RM 500 plus RM 60 received becomes RM 560.
Watch out: decide the direction first; prizes, sales and interest are all money coming in.
Stesen 2
Berapakah baki baharu?
Kad tugasan
Beli 3 hadiah hari jadi untuk rakan. Harga setiap satu RM 48.50.
| stesen | masuk | keluar | baki |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stesen 1 | RM 350 | RM 850 | |
| Stesen 2 | ? | ? |
第二站 = stesen 2；几件一样的 = beberapa barang sama；先乘再减 = darab dahulu, kemudian tolak
买 3 份礼物，每份 RM 48.50，支出要先乘：3 × 48.50 = 145.50。再从结余减：850 − 145.50 = 704.50。RM 801.50 是只减了一份礼物；RM 995.50 是把支出加上去了。sen 的部分：850.00 − 145.50，个位 0 减 5 要借位。
例子：买 2 本书每本 RM 12.50，支出 RM 25。
注意：任务卡写“setiap satu”就表示要乘件数。
station 2 = stesen 2; several identical items = beberapa barang sama; multiply first, then subtract = darab dahulu, kemudian tolak
Buying 3 presents at RM 48.50 each means the spending is multiplied first: 3 × 48.50 = 145.50. Then take it from the balance: 850 − 145.50 = 704.50. RM 801.50 subtracts only one present, and RM 995.50 adds the spending instead. For the sen, 850.00 − 145.50 needs regrouping because 0 − 5 cannot be done directly.
Example: 2 books at RM 12.50 each cost RM 25.
Watch out: setiap satu on the card means multiply by the number of items.
Stesen 3 · baki sekarang RM 704.50
Kad mana, baki mana?
第三站 = stesen 3；旧报纸 = surat khabar lama；利息 = faedah simpanan；车费 = tambang bas
现在结余 RM 704.50，四张卡各算一次。卖旧报纸收 RM 35.50：704.50 + 35.50 = 740。买钱包付 RM 104.50：704.50 − 104.50 = 600。储蓄利息收 RM 95.50：704.50 + 95.50 = 800。付车费 RM 4.50：704.50 − 4.50 = 700。四张卡的 sen 都是 50，所以 50 + 50 刚好进 1 ringgit，50 − 50 刚好是 0。
例子：RM 704.50 + RM 0.50 = RM 705。
注意：这一站你们抽到的是卖旧报纸那张，所以下一站从 RM 740 开始。
station 3 = stesen 3; old newspapers = surat khabar lama; savings interest = faedah simpanan; bus fare = tambang bas
The balance is RM 704.50, and each card is worked out from it. Selling old newspapers brings RM 35.50: 704.50 + 35.50 = 740. Buying a wallet costs RM 104.50: 704.50 − 104.50 = 600. Savings interest brings RM 95.50: 704.50 + 95.50 = 800. The bus fare costs RM 4.50: 704.50 − 4.50 = 700. Every card has 50 sen, so 50 + 50 carries exactly one ringgit and 50 − 50 leaves exactly zero.
Example: RM 704.50 + RM 0.50 = RM 705.
Watch out: your group drew the newspaper card, so the next station starts from RM 740.
Stesen 4
Berapakah baki baharu?
Kad tugasan
Derma kepada mangsa banjir RM 140.
| stesen | masuk | keluar | baki |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stesen 3 | RM 35.50 | RM 740 | |
| Stesen 4 | RM 140 | ? |
第四站 = stesen 4；捐款 = derma；支出 = wang keluar
捐款是把钱给别人，所以是支出：740 − 140 = 600。十位 4 − 4 = 0，百位 7 − 1 = 6。RM 880 是加上去了，捐款不会让钱变多；RM 610 是十位算错了。检查：600 + 140 = 740。
例子：结余 RM 300，捐 RM 50，新结余 RM 250。
注意：捐款、买东西、付费都是出去的钱，写在 wang keluar。
station 4 = stesen 4; donation = derma; money out = wang keluar
A donation gives money away, so it is money out: 740 − 140 = 600. In the tens 4 − 4 = 0 and in the hundreds 7 − 1 = 6. RM 880 adds the amount, but a donation never makes the money grow, and RM 610 gets the tens wrong. Check: 600 + 140 = 740.
Example: a balance of RM 300 with a RM 50 donation becomes RM 250.
Watch out: donations, purchases and fees are all money going out, written under wang keluar.
Stesen akhir
Berapakah wang setiap ahli?
Kad tugasan
Baki kumpulan RM 600 dibahagikan sama banyak kepada 4 orang ahli.
Setiap ahli
RM 600 ÷ 4 = ?
终点站 = stesen akhir；平分 = bahagi sama banyak；每个成员 = setiap ahli
最后一站把结余 RM 600 平分给 4 个成员：600 ÷ 4 = 150，每人 RM 150。RM 200 是 600 ÷ 3，人数看错了；RM 2 400 是乘，平分后每人不可能比全部还多。检查：150 × 4 = 600。整个游戏：500 → 850 → 704.50 → 740 → 600 → 每人 150。
例子：RM 800 平分 4 人，每人 RM 200。
注意：平分用除法，答案一定比原来的数小。
final station = stesen akhir; share equally = bahagi sama banyak; each member = setiap ahli
At the last station the RM 600 balance is shared equally among 4 members: 600 ÷ 4 = 150, so RM 150 each. RM 200 is 600 ÷ 3, with the wrong number of people, and RM 2 400 multiplies, but a share can never be more than the whole. Check: 150 × 4 = 600. The whole game ran 500 → 850 → 704.50 → 740 → 600 → 150 each.
Example: RM 800 shared equally by 4 people is RM 200 each.
Watch out: sharing equally means dividing, so the answer is always smaller than the starting amount.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
masuk + · keluar − · beberapa barang × · kongsi ÷
Dalam permainan stesen: hadiah dan jualan ialah wang masuk, tambah. Belian dan derma ialah wang keluar, tolak. Beberapa barang yang sama, darab dahulu. Kongsi sama banyak, bahagi. Baki setiap stesen dibawa ke stesen seterusnya.
Latihan tambahan →