Latihan tambahan

相符的加法故事 = cerita tambah yang sepadan 符号是 +，钱要变多：校基金有 RM 2 480，家长会再捐 RM 1 520，总额 RM 4 000，对。第二个故事买打印机是花钱，应该用 −，而且 2 480 − 1 520 不是 4 000。第三个是乘法故事。 例子：储蓄 RM 300 加压岁钱 RM 150，总额 RM 450。 注意：看到 baki（余额）这个词，就不会是加法故事。

a matching plus story = cerita tambah yang sepadan The symbol is +, so the money must grow: the school fund has RM 2 480, the parents' association adds RM 1 520, and the total is RM 4 000; that fits. The second story buys a printer, which is spending and would need −, and 2 480 − 1 520 is not 4 000. The third is a times story. Example: savings of RM 300 plus RM 150 of festive money gives a total of RM 450. Watch out: the word baki (balance) tells you it is not a plus story.

除法的关键词 = kata kunci bahagi ÷ 8 的意思是把 RM 7 200 平均分给 8 个人，每人 RM 900，所以关键词是“dibahagikan sama banyak kepada 8 orang”。“ditambah dengan RM 8”是加法；“8 buah, setiap satu RM 7 200”是乘法，而且总数会变成很大。 例子：RM 600 ÷ 4 → “dibahagikan sama banyak kepada 4 orang”。 注意：÷ 后面的 8 是人数，不是 RM 8。

key words for dividing = kata kunci bahagi ÷ 8 means RM 7 200 is shared equally among 8 people, RM 900 each, so the key words are dibahagikan sama banyak kepada 8 orang. The phrase ditambah dengan RM 8 is adding, and 8 buah, setiap satu RM 7 200 is multiplying, which would give a huge total. Example: RM 600 ÷ 4 → dibahagikan sama banyak kepada 4 orang. Watch out: the 8 after ÷ counts people; it is not RM 8.

相符的乘法故事 = cerita darab yang sepadan × 5 表示 5 件一样的东西，每件 RM 350：Puan Zara 买 5 张椅子，每张 RM 350，一共付 RM 1 750，对。第二个故事只加 RM 5，钱不会变成 1 750。第三个故事是把 RM 350 分给 5 个人，那是除法或减法的情境，而且数字也不配。 例子：买 3 件一样的衬衫，每件 RM 40，一共 RM 120。 注意：乘法故事的 5 是“5 件”，故事里要写 5 buah，不是 RM 5。

a matching times story = cerita darab yang sepadan × 5 means 5 identical items at RM 350 each: Puan Zara buys 5 chairs at RM 350 each and pays RM 1 750 altogether; that fits. The second story adds only RM 5, which could never reach 1 750. The third story hands RM 350 to 5 children, a dividing or subtracting situation, and the numbers do not fit either. Example: buying 3 identical shirts at RM 40 each costs RM 120. Watch out: the 5 in a times story counts items, so the story says 5 buah, not RM 5.

填减法关键词 = lengkapkan kata kunci tolak Puan Lim 有 RM 6 000，买洗衣机花了 RM 1 899，剩下的钱叫 baki（余额），RM 4 101。填 jumlah（总额）不对，因为钱是减少不是合起来；setiap（每一个）是乘除故事才用的词。 例子：有 RM 50，买午餐 RM 8，baki RM 42。 注意：减法故事的最后一句通常以 Baki 开头。

filling in the minus key word = lengkapkan kata kunci tolak Puan Lim has RM 6 000, spends RM 1 899 on a washing machine, and the money left is called the baki (balance), RM 4 101. Jumlah (total) is wrong because the money shrinks rather than being joined, and setiap (each) belongs to times and divide stories. Example: with RM 50, buying lunch for RM 8 leaves a baki of RM 42. Watch out: the last sentence of a minus story usually begins with Baki.