Reka Cerita

符号 = simbol；关键词 = kata kunci；总额 = jumlah；余额 = baki；每一个 = setiap satu；平均分 = sama banyak 第一步先看符号，再选关键词。加法的故事用 jumlah（总额）、semuanya（全部）；减法用 baki（余额）、tinggal（剩下）；乘法要有“几件一样的东西，每件多少钱”（setiap satu）；除法一定要写“平均分给几个人”（agih sama banyak）。关键词选对了，故事就不会跟符号打架。 例子：看到 ÷，故事里就要出现“diagih sama banyak kepada … orang”。 注意：除法故事漏了 sama banyak（平均），别人就不知道是不是每人一样多。

symbol = simbol; key word = kata kunci; total = jumlah; balance = baki; each one = setiap satu; equally = sama banyak Step one is to look at the symbol and choose the key words. A plus story uses jumlah (total) or semuanya (altogether); a minus story uses baki (balance) or tinggal (left); a times story needs several identical items with a price for each one (setiap satu); a divide story must say the money is shared equally among some people (agih sama banyak). With the right key words, the story will not fight the symbol. Example: when you see ÷, the story must contain diagih sama banyak kepada … orang. Watch out: a divide story without sama banyak leaves people unsure whether everyone gets the same.

加法故事 = cerita tambah；情境 = situasi；捐款 = menderma 第二步按三样东西编：人物、情境、数字。符号是 +，关键词是 jumlah，情境选“捐款给水灾灾民”。3 Arif 班捐 RM 1 250，3 Bestari 班捐 RM 865，两班捐款的总额是 RM 2 115。注意最后一句一定要说明答案的意思：RM 2 115 是“两班一共捐的钱”，不是随便一个数。 例子：换成买东西也行：书桌 RM 1 250 加椅子 RM 865，总价 RM 2 115。 注意：两个数都要是“被加在一起”的东西，不能一个是价钱一个是找零。

a plus story = cerita tambah; situation = situasi; to donate = menderma Step two builds the story from three things: people, a situation and the numbers. The symbol is +, the key word is jumlah, and the situation is a donation for flood victims. Class 3 Arif gives RM 1 250, class 3 Bestari gives RM 865, and the total donation from both classes is RM 2 115. The last sentence must say what the answer means: RM 2 115 is the money both classes gave together, not just any number. Example: a shopping version works too: a desk at RM 1 250 plus a chair at RM 865 costs RM 2 115 in total. Watch out: both numbers must be things that are joined together; one cannot be a price and the other the change.

减法故事 = cerita tolak；花钱 = membelanjakan；余额 = baki 符号是 −，所以故事里的钱要变少，关键词是 baki。Encik Rahim 有 RM 4 500，买了冰箱 RM 1 275，剩下 RM 3 225，这才对。第二个故事“收到薪水”是钱变多，应该用 +，而且 4 500 + 1 275 也不是 3 225。第三个故事“4 台冰箱每台 RM 1 275”是乘法。 例子：有 RM 800，买书包 RM 120，baki RM 680，也是减法故事。 注意：先看符号决定钱是变多还是变少，再看数字对不对。

a minus story = cerita tolak; to spend = membelanjakan; balance = baki The symbol is −, so the money in the story must go down and the key word is baki. Encik Rahim has RM 4 500, buys a fridge for RM 1 275 and has RM 3 225 left; that fits. The second story, receiving a salary, makes the money grow and would need +, and 4 500 + 1 275 is not 3 225 anyway. The third story, 4 fridges at RM 1 275 each, is a times story. Example: having RM 800, buying a bag for RM 120 and keeping RM 680 is a minus story too. Watch out: first use the symbol to decide whether the money grows or shrinks, then check the numbers.

乘法故事 = cerita darab；除法故事 = cerita bahagi；利息 = faedah simpanan；分给 = diagihkan 乘法故事要有“几件一样的东西，每件多少钱”：店家买 4 只手表，每只 RM 185，一共付 RM 740。这里 4 是数量，RM 185 是单价。除法故事要有“一笔钱平均分给几个人”：Pak Mail 的储蓄利息 RM 960，平均分给 6 个孩子，每人得 RM 160。两种故事都用“setiap”这个词，但乘法是“每件多少钱”，除法是“每人得多少”。 例子：3 本一样的书，每本 RM 25，总共 RM 75（乘）；RM 90 平分给 3 人，每人 RM 30（除）。 注意：乘法的 4 是“几件”，不是钱，不要写成 RM 4。

a times story = cerita darab; a divide story = cerita bahagi; savings interest = faedah simpanan; shared out = diagihkan A times story needs several identical items with a price each: a shop buys 4 watches at RM 185 each and pays RM 740 altogether. Here 4 is the number of items and RM 185 is the price of one. A divide story needs one sum of money shared equally among some people: Pak Mail's savings interest of RM 960 is shared equally among his 6 children, so each child gets RM 160. Both stories use the word setiap, but in a times story it is the price of each item, while in a divide story it is what each person receives. Example: 3 identical books at RM 25 each cost RM 75 (times); RM 90 shared equally by 3 people gives RM 30 each (divide). Watch out: the 4 in the times story counts items, not money, so never write it as RM 4.

配对算式和关键词 = padankan ayat matematik dengan kata kunci + 配“两个班捐款的总额”；− 配“买了东西后的余额”；× 配“4 只表，每只 RM 185”；÷ 配“平均分给 6 个人”。看符号就能配，不用再算：+ 和 − 是两笔钱合起来或减掉，× 和 ÷ 都跟“几件”“几个人”有关。 例子：看到 ÷ 6，一定找有“6 orang”和“sama banyak”的那张卡。 注意：× 4 的 4 是“4 件东西”，÷ 6 的 6 是“6 个人”，两个都不是钱数。

matching sums to key words = padankan ayat matematik dengan kata kunci + goes with the total donation of two classes; − goes with the balance after buying; × goes with 4 watches at RM 185 each; ÷ goes with shared equally among 6 people. The symbol alone is enough to match, with no working needed: + and − join or take away two amounts, while × and ÷ involve a number of items or a number of people. Example: for ÷ 6, look for the card with 6 orang and sama banyak. Watch out: the 4 in × 4 counts items and the 6 in ÷ 6 counts people; neither is an amount of money.

填关键词 = lengkapkan kata kunci 算式是 ÷，所以空格要填“平均分给”（diagihkan sama banyak）：RM 960 平均分给 6 个孩子，每人 RM 160。填“ditambah”（加）或“didarabkan”（乘）的话，钱会变多，跟每人只拿 RM 160 不合。验算：RM 160 × 6 = RM 960，刚好是原来的数。 例子：RM 450 diagihkan sama banyak kepada 5 orang，setiap orang RM 90。 注意：除法故事的 sama banyak 不能省，这是题目特别要求的词。

filling in the key word = lengkapkan kata kunci The sum uses ÷, so the gap needs shared equally (diagihkan sama banyak): RM 960 is shared equally among 6 children and each gets RM 160. Filling in ditambah (added) or didarabkan (multiplied) would make the money grow, which does not fit each child getting only RM 160. Example: RM 450 diagihkan sama banyak kepada 5 orang gives RM 90 each. Watch out: sama banyak cannot be left out of a divide story; it is the word the question is really asking for.