Unit 1
Tambah Wang
Aiman membeli beg sekolah RM 48.90 dan kasut RM 65.50.
Berapakah jumlah wang yang perlu dibayar?
加钱 = tambah wang；总额 = jumlah
这一课学把两个或三个金额加起来。Aiman 买书包 RM 48.90 和鞋子 RM 65.50，要付多少钱，就是把两个金额相加。马来西亚的钱用 ringgit（RM）和 sen，100 sen 等于 RM 1。
例子：一本书 RM 12.50 加一支笔 RM 2.30，总额是 RM 14.80。
注意：ringgit 和 sen 要分开看，加的时候 sen 对 sen，ringgit 对 ringgit。
adding money = tambah wang; total = jumlah
In this unit we add two or three amounts of money. Aiman buys a school bag for RM 48.90 and shoes for RM 65.50; to find what he pays, we add the two amounts. Malaysian money uses ringgit (RM) and sen, and 100 sen make RM 1.
Example: a book at RM 12.50 plus a pen at RM 2.30 gives a total of RM 14.80.
Watch out: keep ringgit with ringgit and sen with sen when you add.
Ringgit dan sen
RM 65.50
65 ringgit dan 50 sen
ringgit
65
.
sen
50
100 sen = RM 1 · sen sentiasa ditulis dua digit: RM 7.05, RM 3.40
令吉 = ringgit；仙 = sen；小数点 = titik perpuluhan
RM 65.50 读作 65 ringgit 50 sen。小数点左边是 ringgit，右边两位是 sen。100 sen 就是 RM 1，所以 sen 最多写到 99。写金额时 sen 一定写两位：5 sen 写成 .05，40 sen 写成 .40。
例子：RM 3.40 = 3 ringgit 40 sen；RM 7.05 = 7 ringgit 5 sen。
注意：RM 7.5 是错的写法，要写 RM 7.50。
ringgit = ringgit; sen = sen; decimal point = titik perpuluhan
RM 65.50 is read as 65 ringgit and 50 sen. The digits on the left of the decimal point are ringgit; the two digits on the right are sen. Since 100 sen make RM 1, the sen part never goes above 99. Always write sen with two digits: 5 sen is .05 and 40 sen is .40.
Example: RM 3.40 = 3 ringgit 40 sen; RM 7.05 = 7 ringgit 5 sen.
Watch out: RM 7.5 is not correct; write RM 7.50.
Isi dompet hingga cukup
Masukkan wang rekaan 10 sen hingga RM 10. Cukupkan setiap jumlah sasaran.
钱包 = dompet；仙 = sen；令吉 = ringgit
实验台用简单的圆形和长方形代币表示钱币，不是真实钞票。按一个数值就把它加入钱包；左边显示令吉，右边显示剩余的仙。仙累积到 100 时，画面会换成 RM 1。完成三个指定金额。
例子：50 sen 加 50 sen 等于 100 sen，也就是 RM 1.00。
注意：RM 后面小数点右边要写两位，70 sen 写成 RM 0.70。
wallet = dompet; sen = sen; ringgit = ringgit
The lab uses simple round and rectangular tokens for money values; they are not copies of real currency. Press a value to add it to the wallet. Ringgit appear on the left and the remaining sen on the right. When sen reach 100, the display exchanges them for RM 1. Complete all three target amounts.
Example: 50 sen plus 50 sen is 100 sen, which is RM 1.00.
Watch out: write two digits after the decimal point for money, so 70 sen is RM 0.70.
Semak makmal
Apakah pertukaran yang berlaku apabila cukup 100 sen?
兑换 = pertukaran；满 100 仙 = cukup 100 sen
题目要你回想钱包里的仙累积到 100 时，令吉显示怎样改变。可以在实验台连续加入两个 50 sen，观察左边和右边的读数，再根据单位关系选择。
例子：也可以用十个 10 sen 逐步累积，记录总数经过 90 sen 后的下一步。
注意：这里问的是单位兑换，不是问加入了多少枚代币。
exchange = pertukaran; reaches 100 sen = cukup 100 sen
The question asks how the ringgit display changes when the sen total reaches 100. In the lab, add two 50-sen values and observe both sides of the wallet, then use the unit relationship to choose.
Example: you could also add ten 10-sen values and record what comes after 90 sen.
Watch out: this asks about converting units, not about how many tokens were pressed.
Bentuk lazim
RM 48.90 + RM 65.50
Titik perpuluhan mesti sebaris
90 sen + 50 sen = 140 sen = RM 1 + 40 sen → tulis 40, bawa 1 ke ringgit
竖式 = bentuk lazim；进位 = kumpul semula
加钱用竖式：先把两个金额的小数点上下对齐，ringgit 对 ringgit，sen 对 sen。先加 sen：90 + 50 = 140 sen，140 sen 等于 1 ringgit 40 sen，所以 sen 的位置写 40，把 1 ringgit 进到左边。再加 ringgit：1 + 48 + 65 = 114。答案 RM 114.40。
例子：RM 25.60 + RM 8.70 → 60 + 70 = 130 sen → 写 30 进 1 → 1 + 25 + 8 = 34 → RM 34.30。
注意：sen 满 100 才进 1，不是满 10。
column form = bentuk lazim; regrouping = kumpul semula
To add money in columns, line up the decimal points so ringgit sit under ringgit and sen under sen. Add the sen first: 90 + 50 = 140 sen, which is 1 ringgit 40 sen, so write 40 in the sen place and carry 1 ringgit to the left. Then add the ringgit: 1 + 48 + 65 = 114. The total is RM 114.40.
Example: RM 25.60 + RM 8.70 → 60 + 70 = 130 sen → write 30, carry 1 → 1 + 25 + 8 = 34 → RM 34.30.
Watch out: carry 1 ringgit only when the sen reach 100, not 10.
Cuba
RM 23.45 + RM 6.30 = ?
| 2 | 3 | . | 4 | 5 | |
| + | 6 | . | 3 | 0 | |
| ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
对齐小数点 = susun titik perpuluhan sebaris
做这题先把两个金额的小数点对齐：RM 23.45 的 6 要对着 RM 6.30 的个位，不是对着 2。先加 sen：45 + 30 = 75 sen，不满 100，不用进位。再加 ringgit：23 + 6 = 29。所以答案是 RM 29.75。
例子：RM 41.20 + RM 7.55 → sen 20 + 55 = 75 → ringgit 41 + 7 = 48 → RM 48.75。
注意：把 6 写在 2 的下面，答案会错成 RM 86.45。
lining up the decimal points = susun titik perpuluhan sebaris
Start by lining up the decimal points: the 6 of RM 6.30 goes under the 3 of RM 23.45, not under the 2. Add the sen first: 45 + 30 = 75 sen, which is below 100, so there is nothing to carry. Then add the ringgit: 23 + 6 = 29. The answer is RM 29.75.
Example: RM 41.20 + RM 7.55 → sen 20 + 55 = 75 → ringgit 41 + 7 = 48 → RM 48.75.
Watch out: putting the 6 under the 2 gives the wrong answer RM 86.45.
Tiga nilai wang
RM 1 250 + RM 385.60 + RM 72.45
Nombor bulat ditulis dengan .00
0 + 60 + 45 = 105 sen → tulis 05, bawa 1 · 1 + 1 250 + 385 + 72 = 1 708
整数金额 = nombor bulat；补零 = tulis .00
三个金额相加也是先对齐小数点。RM 1 250 没有 sen，要写成 RM 1 250.00，这样三行的小数点才会在同一条线上。先加 sen：0 + 60 + 45 = 105 sen，写 05，进 1 ringgit。再加 ringgit：1 + 1 250 + 385 + 72 = 1 708。答案 RM 1 708.05。
例子：RM 900 + RM 45.30 + RM 8.80 → sen 0 + 30 + 80 = 110 → 写 10 进 1 → 1 + 900 + 45 + 8 = 954 → RM 954.10。
注意：sen 是 5 时要写两位 05，不能只写 5。
whole-ringgit amount = nombor bulat; add .00 = tulis .00
Adding three amounts works the same way: line up the decimal points. RM 1 250 has no sen, so write it as RM 1 250.00 to keep the points in one line. Add the sen first: 0 + 60 + 45 = 105 sen, write 05 and carry 1 ringgit. Then add the ringgit: 1 + 1 250 + 385 + 72 = 1 708. The total is RM 1 708.05.
Example: RM 900 + RM 45.30 + RM 8.80 → sen 0 + 30 + 80 = 110 → write 10, carry 1 → 1 + 900 + 45 + 8 = 954 → RM 954.10.
Watch out: 5 sen is written as 05, never as a single 5.
Cuba
RM 2 400 + RM 318.50 + RM 46.75 = ?
| 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | . | 0 | 0 | |
| 3 | 1 | 8 | . | 5 | 0 | ||
| + | 4 | 6 | . | 7 | 5 | ||
| ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
三个金额 = tiga nilai wang
先把整数 RM 2 400 写成 RM 2 400.00，再把三个金额的小数点对齐。加 sen：0 + 50 + 75 = 125 sen，写 25，进 1 ringgit。加 ringgit：1 + 2 400 + 318 + 46 = 2 765。答案 RM 2 765.25。
例子：RM 150 + RM 20.40 + RM 3.90 → sen 0 + 40 + 90 = 130 → 写 30 进 1 → 1 + 150 + 20 + 3 = 174 → RM 174.30。
注意：进位的 1 要加进 ringgit，漏掉就会少 1 ringgit。
three amounts = tiga nilai wang
Write the whole amount RM 2 400 as RM 2 400.00, then line up the three decimal points. Add the sen: 0 + 50 + 75 = 125 sen, write 25 and carry 1 ringgit. Add the ringgit: 1 + 2 400 + 318 + 46 = 2 765. The answer is RM 2 765.25.
Example: RM 150 + RM 20.40 + RM 3.90 → sen 0 + 40 + 90 = 130 → write 30, carry 1 → 1 + 150 + 20 + 3 = 174 → RM 174.30.
Watch out: the carried 1 must be added to the ringgit, or the answer will be 1 ringgit short.
Congak
RM 3 600 + RM 2 750
Tambah ribu dahulu, kemudian ratus dan puluh
ribu
3 000 + 2 000
= 5 000
= 5 000
ratus dan puluh
600 + 750
= 1 350
= 1 350
jumlah
5 000 + 1 350
= RM 6 350
= RM 6 350
心算 = congak
整数金额可以不用竖式，拆开来心算。RM 3 600 + RM 2 750：先加千位 3 000 + 2 000 = 5 000，再加剩下的 600 + 750 = 1 350，最后 5 000 + 1 350 = RM 6 350。拆开来加，数目变小，就容易算。
例子：RM 1 400 + RM 2 300 → 1 000 + 2 000 = 3 000，400 + 300 = 700 → RM 3 700。
注意：600 + 750 超过 1 000，别忘了把多出的 1 000 加进去。
mental calculation = congak
Whole-ringgit amounts can be added in your head by splitting them. For RM 3 600 + RM 2 750, add the thousands first: 3 000 + 2 000 = 5 000. Then add the rest: 600 + 750 = 1 350. Finally 5 000 + 1 350 = RM 6 350. Smaller parts are easier to add.
Example: RM 1 400 + RM 2 300 → 1 000 + 2 000 = 3 000 and 400 + 300 = 700 → RM 3 700.
Watch out: 600 + 750 is more than 1 000, so remember to add that extra thousand.
Cari nombor yang tiada
RM 45.80 + ? = RM 100
Jumlah tolak nilai yang diketahui
RM 45.80 + ? = RM 100.00
RM 45.80 → + 20 sen → RM 46 → + RM 54 → RM 100
Nombor yang tiada: 20 sen + RM 54 = RM 54.20
Semak: RM 45.80 + RM 54.20 = RM 100.00 ✓
求未知的加数 = cari nombor yang tiada
算式 RM 45.80 + □ = RM 100，要找方框里的数。可以从 RM 45.80 往上数到 RM 100：先加 20 sen 凑成 RM 46，再加 RM 54 凑成 RM 100，所以方框是 RM 54.20。也可以用总数减去已知的数：RM 100 − RM 45.80 = RM 54.20。算完要代回去检查。
例子：RM 12.50 + □ = RM 20 → 加 50 sen 到 13，再加 7 → □ = RM 7.50。
注意：方框不是两数相加，而是“差多少才到总数”。
finding the missing number = cari nombor yang tiada
In RM 45.80 + □ = RM 100 we need the number in the box. Count up from RM 45.80 to RM 100: add 20 sen to reach RM 46, then add RM 54 to reach RM 100, so the box is RM 54.20. You can also subtract the known part from the total: RM 100 − RM 45.80 = RM 54.20. Always put the number back to check.
Example: RM 12.50 + □ = RM 20 → add 50 sen to reach 13, then add 7 → □ = RM 7.50.
Watch out: the box is not the two numbers added; it is how much more is needed to reach the total.
Cuba
? + RM 36.25 = RM 80
往上数 = kira ke atas
方框在前面也一样，找“RM 36.25 还差多少到 RM 80”。先加 75 sen 凑成 RM 37，再加 RM 43 凑成 RM 80，所以方框是 RM 43.75。检查：RM 43.75 + RM 36.25 = RM 80.00。
例子：□ + RM 18.40 = RM 50 → 加 60 sen 到 19，再加 31 → RM 31.60。
注意：选项 RM 116.25 是把两个数加起来，不是这题要的。
counting up = kira ke atas
Even with the box in front, we ask how much more RM 36.25 needs to reach RM 80. Add 75 sen to reach RM 37, then add RM 43 to reach RM 80, so the box is RM 43.75. Check: RM 43.75 + RM 36.25 = RM 80.00.
Example: □ + RM 18.40 = RM 50 → add 60 sen to reach 19, then add 31 → RM 31.60.
Watch out: RM 116.25 comes from adding the two numbers, which is not what the question asks.
Padankan
Jumlah yang betul
配对总额 = padankan jumlah
每条算式先加 sen 再加 ringgit。12.60 + 7.40：60 + 40 = 100 sen = RM 1，所以是 RM 20.00。50 + 8.25 = RM 58.25。4.75 + 4.75：75 + 75 = 150 sen → 50 sen 进 1 → RM 9.50。125 + 275 = RM 400。
例子：RM 6.50 + RM 3.50 → 50 + 50 = 100 sen = RM 1 → RM 10.00。
注意：sen 刚好 100 时写 .00，不要写成 .100。
matching totals = padankan jumlah
For each sum, add the sen first and then the ringgit. 12.60 + 7.40: 60 + 40 = 100 sen = RM 1, so the total is RM 20.00. 50 + 8.25 = RM 58.25. 4.75 + 4.75: 75 + 75 = 150 sen → write 50, carry 1 → RM 9.50. 125 + 275 = RM 400.
Example: RM 6.50 + RM 3.50 → 50 + 50 = 100 sen = RM 1 → RM 10.00.
Watch out: when the sen make exactly 100, write .00, never .100.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
sen dahulu → kumpul semula → ringgit
Susun titik perpuluhan sebaris. Tambah sen dahulu; 100 sen jadi 1 ringgit. Nombor bulat ditulis dengan .00.
Latihan tambahan →