Latihan tambahan

从故事写算式 = tulis ayat dari cerita 丽娜的布剪掉一段，布变少，要用减法。分母不同时，先把四分之几换成八分之几，再把分子相减，分母不变。 例子：2/3 m 丝带剪掉 1/6 m → 4/6 − 1/6 = 3/6 = 1/2 m。 注意：分母不同不能直接把分子相减，也不要随便留下一个分母。

tulis ayat dari cerita = write a sentence from a story Lina cuts a piece off her cloth, so the cloth gets shorter and we subtract. When the denominators differ, change the quarters into eighths first, then subtract the numerators and keep the denominator. Example: 2/3 m of ribbon, 1/6 m cut off → 4/6 − 1/6 = 3/6 = 1/2 m. Watch out: you cannot subtract the numerators while the denominators are still different.

加法关键词 = kata kunci tambah 算式里是加号，故事要讲把两份东西合起来。想一想三个词里哪一个表示“合起来”，哪些表示拿走或比较。 例子：“0.6 m 绳子剪掉 0.2 m，tinggal 0.4 m” 是减法故事。 注意：先看符号，再挑关键词，不要只看数字大小。

kata kunci tambah = key word for adding The sentence has a plus sign, so the story puts two amounts together. Think about which of the three words means putting together and which ones mean taking away or comparing. Example: '0.6 m of rope, 0.2 m cut off, 0.4 m tinggal' is a subtraction story. Watch out: look at the sign first, then choose the key word; do not decide from the size of the numbers.

百分之几 = berapa daripada 100 题目只问红色弹珠：数一数 100 颗里有几颗是红的，写成分母是 100 的分数。分子是几，百分比就是百分之几。 例子：100 本书里有 61 本故事书 → 61/100 = 61%。 注意：72 是不是红色的数目，题目没有问它。

berapa daripada 100 = how many out of 100 The question asks only about the red marbles: count how many of the 100 are red and write a fraction with denominator 100. The numerator is the percent number. Example: 61 of 100 books are storybooks → 61/100 = 61%. Watch out: 72 is the number of marbles that are not red, which the question did not ask for.

减法故事 = cerita tolak 减法故事要先有一个数量，再拿走一部分，最后问剩下多少。读每个故事时，看看开头的长度是不是减号前面的数，拿走的长度是不是减号后面的数。 例子：0.8 ℓ 汤喝掉 0.3 ℓ → 剩 0.5 ℓ。 注意：接上一段是变长，那是加法故事。

cerita tolak = subtraction story A subtraction story starts with an amount, takes part of it away and asks what is left. As you read each story, check that the starting length is the number before the minus sign and the length taken away is the number after it. Example: 0.8 ℓ of soup, 0.3 ℓ drunk → 0.5 ℓ left. Watch out: joining on another piece makes the pipe longer, which would be an addition story.

比……高 = lebih tinggi daripada B 树比 A 树高，所以 B 树的高度是 A 树的高度再加上多出的 0.15 m。先把 0.6 写成 0.60，小数点对齐再相加。 例子：姐姐的风筝线 0.45 m，妹妹的比她长 0.2 m → 0.45 + 0.20 = 0.65 m。 注意：0.21 是小数点没有对齐，把 6 和 15 直接相加。

lebih tinggi daripada = taller than Tree B is taller than tree A, so B's height is A's height plus the extra 0.15 m. Write 0.6 as 0.60, line up the decimal points, then add. Example: the older sister's kite string is 0.45 m and the younger sister's is 0.2 m longer → 0.45 + 0.20 = 0.65 m. Watch out: 0.21 comes from adding 6 and 15 without lining up the decimal points.

两步“多出”= dua langkah lebih daripada 画三条长条：B 比 A 长出一段，C 又比 B 长出一段。C 比 A 多出的部分，就是这两段接在一起，所以把两个“多出”的量相加，小数点要对齐。 例子：Q 盒比 P 盒重 0.4 kg，R 盒又比 Q 盒重 0.12 kg → R 比 P 重 0.52 kg。 注意：两段是接起来，不是互相比较，不用减法。

dua langkah lebih daripada = more than, in two steps Draw three bars: B is longer than A by one piece, and C is longer than B by another piece. What C has more than A is the two pieces joined together, so add the two extra amounts with the decimal points lined up. Example: box Q is 0.4 kg heavier than box P and box R is 0.12 kg heavier than Q → R is 0.52 kg heavier than P. Watch out: the two pieces join end to end, so do not subtract them.

补完故事 = lengkapkan cerita 早上和傍晚浇的部分要合起来，用加法。先把三分之一换成六分之几，再把分子相加，最后看看能不能约分。 例子：1/4 篇作业加 1/8 篇 → 2/8 + 1/8 = 3/8。 注意：分子分母一起相加会得到 2/9，这是常见错误。

lengkapkan cerita = complete the story The morning part and the evening part go together, so we add. Change one third into sixths, add the numerators, then see whether the answer can be simplified. Example: 1/4 of the homework and then 1/8 more → 2/8 + 1/8 = 3/8. Watch out: adding both the numerators and the denominators gives 2/9, a common mistake.