Reka Cerita

kata kunci = 关键词／key words 关键词告诉我们用加法还是减法。jumlah、campur 是合起来，用加法；tinggal、guna 表示拿走，beza 是比较相差多少，都是减法。百分比说“100 个里有几个”。 例子：问“一共” → 加法。 注意：lebih daripada 不一定是减法，要看问哪一个。

kata kunci = key words Key words tell us whether a story adds or subtracts. Jumlah, campur and semuanya mean putting together, so we add. Tinggal, baki, guna and potong mean taking away, so we subtract. Beza compares two things, which is also subtraction. For percent, say how many out of 100. Example: 'how much altogether' → add. Watch out: lebih daripada is not always subtraction; check which amount the story asks for.

tambah pecahan = 分数加法／adding fractions 两种果汁倒进同一个壶里，用 jumlah 问一共多少。分母不同，先把 2/5 变成 4/10，再加 3/10，得 7/10 ℓ。 例子：二分之一公斤糖加四分之一公斤糖，一共四分之三公斤。 注意：只加分子，分母保持十，不要把分母也相加。

tambah pecahan = adding fractions This story pours two juices into one jug and uses jumlah to ask how much there is altogether. The denominators differ, so change 2/5 into 4/10 first, then add 3/10 to get 7/10 ℓ. Example: 1/2 kg of sugar and 1/4 kg of sugar → 2/4 + 1/4 = 3/4 kg. Watch out: add only the numerators and keep the denominator 10; the answer is not 7/20.

tolak pecahan = 分数减法／subtracting fractions 阿里夫的电线用掉一部分，问剩下多少，所以用 tinggal 和减法。先把三分之一变成六分之二，相减得六分之三，再约分成二分之一米。 例子：7/10 ℓ 油用掉 1/5 ℓ，剩 1/2 ℓ。 注意：用掉的部分一定要比原来的少，故事才合理。

tolak pecahan = subtracting fractions Arif has some wire, uses part of it and we ask what is left, so the story uses tinggal and subtraction. Change 1/3 into 2/6, then 5/6 − 2/6 = 3/6, which simplifies to 1/2 m. Example: 7/10 ℓ of oil, 1/5 ℓ used → 7/10 − 2/10 = 5/10 = 1/2 ℓ. Watch out: the 1/3 m used must be less than the 5/6 m he had, or the story is impossible.

pilih cerita = 选故事／choose a story 先看算式的符号：减号表示东西变少。再核对故事里数字出现的先后：减号前面的数是原来有的，减号后面的数是拿走的，等号后面的是剩下的。 例子：3/5 m 绳子剪掉 1/5 m，剩 2/5 m。 注意：说“再买”“又加”的故事是加法，不配减号。

pilih cerita = choose a story Look at the sign first: a minus sign means something becomes less. Then check the order of the numbers in each story: the number before the minus sign is what you start with, the number after it is what is taken away, and the number after the equals sign is what remains. Example: 3/5 m of rope, 1/5 m cut off → 2/5 m left. Watch out: a story that buys or adds more is an addition story.

beza perpuluhan = 小数的差／difference of decimals 故事比较西瓜和木瓜的重量，问相差多少，用 beza。先把 0.8 写成 0.80，小数点对齐，从百分位减起，得 0.45 kg。 例子：0.6 ℓ 和 0.15 ℓ 相差 0.45 ℓ。 注意：求差是大的减小的，不要把 0.35 写在上面。

beza perpuluhan = difference of decimals This story compares a watermelon and a papaya and asks how much heavier one is, so it uses beza. Write 0.8 as 0.80, line up the decimal points, then subtract from the hundredths: 0.80 − 0.35 = 0.45 kg. Example: the difference of 0.6 ℓ and 0.15 ℓ → 0.60 − 0.15 = 0.45 ℓ. Watch out: for a difference, take the smaller from the bigger; 0.35 does not go on top.

lebih daripada = 比……多／more than 阿里比本多跳一段，忠又比阿里多跳一段，两段“多出来”的距离接起来，就是忠比本多跳的距离，所以用加法。 例子：B 箱比 A 箱重 0.2 kg，C 箱又比 B 箱重 0.4 kg → C 比 A 重 0.6 kg。 注意：0.3 要写成 0.30 再加，不可以算成 0.28。

lebih daripada = more than Ali jumps 0.3 m further than Ben, and Chong 0.25 m further than Ali. Put the two extra pieces end to end to find how much further Chong jumps than Ben, so we add: 0.30 + 0.25 = 0.55 m. Example: box B is 0.2 kg heavier than box A and box C is 0.4 kg heavier than B → C is 0.6 kg heavier than A. Watch out: write 0.3 as 0.30 before adding; the answer is not 0.28.

peratus dan pecahan = 百分比和分数／percent and fractions 一百棵树苗里有七十二棵是榴莲，就是 72/100，也就是 72%。故事可以从百分比写成分数，也可以反过来。 例子：100 个座位坐了 46 个 → 46/100 = 46%。 注意：百分比故事的总数要是 100，分母才是 100。

peratus dan pecahan = percent and fractions 72 of the 100 young trees are durian trees, which is 72/100, or 72%. A story can go from percent to fraction (72% = 72/100) or the other way round (72/100 = 72%). Example: 46 of 100 seats are taken → 46/100 = 46%. Watch out: in a percent story the whole must be 100 things so that the denominator is 100.

susun ayat matematik = 排出算式／build the number sentence 东西用掉了会变少，所以选减号。小数点对齐，十分位减十分位，先自己算出剩下多少，再找答案卡。 例子：书包里有 0.8 kg 书，拿出 0.2 kg → 0.8 − 0.2 = 0.6 kg。 注意：用掉不会变多，不要选加号。

susun ayat matematik = build the number sentence Something in the story is used up, so the amount becomes less and we choose the minus sign. Line up the decimal points, subtract tenths from tenths, and work out what remains before you look for the answer card. Example: 0.8 kg of books in a bag, 0.2 kg taken out → 0.8 kg − 0.2 kg = 0.6 kg. Watch out: the card from adding the two numbers is wrong, because using sugar never makes more.

配对故事 = padankan cerita／match the stories 先看算式是加、减还是百分比，再在故事里找表示变多、变少或“一百个里有几个”的词，最后核对数字。 例子：0.6 kg − 0.1 kg 配“0.6 kg 面粉用掉 0.1 kg”。 注意：有时两个故事的数相近，要连单位 ℓ、m 一起核对。

padankan cerita = match the stories First decide whether each sentence adds, subtracts or shows a percent. Then look in each story for words that make an amount bigger, make it smaller, or say how many out of a hundred. Last, check that the numbers in the story are the same as in the sentence. Example: 0.6 kg − 0.1 kg matches '0.6 kg of flour, 0.1 kg used'. Watch out: when two stories have close numbers, compare the units ℓ and m as well.