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Unit 8 · Cabar Minda
Unit 8

Cabar Minda

Kak Ros mengisi 1 per 10 tangki air pada waktu pagi. Selepas diisi lagi pada waktu petang, tangki itu 7 per 10 penuh.
1 per 10 + ? = 7 per 10
Tunjukkan cara mencari pecahan yang hilang.

Cabar Minda
求缺少的分数 = cari pecahan yang hilang 这是一道倒过来想的加法：已经知道一个加数和总和，要找另一个加数。分母相同时，想一想已知的分子加几等于总和的分子，最后约成最简分数，再放回算式检查。 例子：□ + 1/7 = 4/7 → 想 1 加几等于 4？加 3，所以 □ = 3/7。 注意：要说出每一步怎样做，不能只写答案。
cari pecahan yang hilang = find the missing fraction This is an addition worked backwards: we know one part and the total, and we must find the other part. With the same denominator, ask what the known numerator needs to reach the total numerator, simplify, then put the answer back into the sentence to check. Example: □ + 1/7 = 4/7 → 1 plus what makes 4? 3, so □ = 3/7. Watch out: explain every step you take, not only the final answer.
Penyebut sama

Empat langkah

1 per 10 + ? = 7 per 10

Pagi
Petang
Semua
① Penyebut sama → ? per 10
② 1 + 6 = 7 → 6 per 10
③ 6 per 10 = 6 ÷ 2 per 10 ÷ 2 = 3 per 5
④ Semak: 1 per 10 + 6 per 10 = 7 per 10 ✔
四个步骤 = empat langkah ① 分母相同，缺的分数分母也是 10；② 想 1 加几等于 7，得 6，所以是 6/10；③ 约分：6/10 = 3/5；④ 把 6/10 放回算式，加起来等于 7/10，就对了。 例子：2/9 + □ = 5/9 → 5 − 2 = 3 → 3/9 = 1/3。 注意：检查时要用约分前的 6/10 来加，分母才相同。
empat langkah = four steps ① The denominators match, so the missing fraction also has denominator 10. ② 1 plus what makes 7? 6, so it is 6/10. ③ Simplify: 6/10 = 3/5. ④ Check: 1/10 + 6/10 = 7/10, correct. Example: 2/9 + □ = 5/9 → 5 − 2 = 3 → 3/9 = 1/3. Watch out: when checking, add 6/10 rather than 3/5 so that the denominators match.
Cuba ini

? + 1 per 9 = 4 per 9
Tulis dalam bentuk termudah.

1 per 9
4 per 9
□ 在前面 = petak di hadapan 不管 □ 在加号前面还是后面，都是用总和减去已知的分数。分母相同时，只算分子的差，分母照写，最后看能不能约分。 例子：□ + 2/10 = 4/10 → 4 − 2 = 2 → 2/10 = 1/5。 注意：把两个分数相加就做反了。
petak di hadapan = the box comes first Whether the box is before or after the plus sign, take the known fraction away from the total. With the same denominator, find the difference of the numerators, keep the denominator, then see whether it simplifies. Example: □ + 2/10 = 4/10 → 4 − 2 = 2 → 2/10 = 1/5. Watch out: adding the two fractions together is working the wrong way round.
Penyebut tak sama

Samakan penyebut dahulu

1 per 5 + ? = 9 per 10

1 per 5
2 per 10
9 per 10
① 1 per 5 = 1 × 2 per 5 × 2 = 2 per 10
② 2 per 10 + ? = 9 per 10 → 9 − 2 = 7
③ ? = 7 per 10
分母不同 = penyebut tak sama 先把 1/5 变成十分之几：分子和分母都乘 2，得 2/10。现在分母相同了，再想 2 加几等于 9，得 7，所以缺的是 7/10。 例子：1/2 + □ = 9/10 → 1/2 = 5/10 → 9 − 5 = 4 → 4/10 = 2/5。 注意：没有先换分母就直接用 9 − 1，会得到错的 8/10。
penyebut tak sama = different denominators First change 1/5 into tenths: multiply the top and the bottom by 2 to get 2/10. Now the denominators match, so ask what 2 needs to make 9. It is 7, so the missing fraction is 7/10. Example: 1/2 + □ = 9/10 → 1/2 = 5/10 → 9 − 5 = 4 → 4/10 = 2/5. Watch out: doing 9 − 1 before changing the denominator gives the wrong answer 8/10.
Cuba ini

1 per 4 + ? = 5 per 8

先换再减 = tukar dahulu, kemudian tolak 分母是 4 和 8，4 × 2 = 8，所以先把四分之一换成八分之几。分母相同以后，用总和的分子减去已知的分子，再看能不能约分。 例子：1/5 + □ = 3/10 → 1/5 = 2/10 → 3 − 2 = 1 → 1/10。 注意：4/8 是忘了换分母，直接用 5 − 1 得到的。
tukar dahulu, kemudian tolak = change first, then subtract The denominators are 4 and 8, and 4 × 2 = 8, so first change the quarter into eighths. Once the denominators match, take the known numerator from the total numerator and see whether the result simplifies. Example: 1/5 + □ = 3/10 → 1/5 = 2/10 → 3 − 2 = 1 → 1/10. Watch out: 4/8 comes from doing 5 − 1 without changing the denominator first.
Ringkasan

Syabas!

? = jumlah − pecahan yang diberi

Samakan penyebut, tolak pengangka, permudahkan, kemudian semak dengan menambah semula.

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