Unit 15
Kenal Anu
Ada 8 orang penumpang di dalam bas. Di perhentian, beberapa orang lagi naik. Kini ada 15 orang.
Bilangan penumpang yang naik ialah anu.
8 + = 15

未知数 = anu
题目里还不知道、要我们找出来的数,马来文叫 anu。在算式里,我们用一个空格 □ 代表 anu,也可以用 ★、▲、△ 等符号。
例子:书包里有 5 本书,妈妈再放进一些,现在有 9 本 → 放进去的书是 anu → 5 + □ = 9。
注意:anu 不一定在答案的位置,它可以在算式的任何地方。
unknown = anu
A number in a problem that we do not know yet and must find is called anu in Malay. In a number sentence we use a box □ for the anu, or a symbol such as ★, ▲ or △.
Example: 5 books in a school bag, Mum puts in some more, now there are 9 → the books put in are the anu → 5 + □ = 9.
Watch out: the anu is not always the answer on the right; it can be anywhere in the sentence.
Cari anu
Cari nilai anu
8 + □ = 15
8 + 7 = 15
Semak: 8 + 7 = 15 ✔
求未知数 = cari nilai anu
8 + □ = 15:想一想“8 加多少等于 15?”。可以从 8 往上数到 15,一共数了 7 步;也可以用减法 15 − 8 = 7。所以 anu = 7,有 7 个人上车。
例子:□ + 4 = 13 → 13 − 4 = 9 → anu = 9。
注意:找到以后放回算式检查。
find the unknown = cari nilai anu
8 + □ = 15: think '8 plus what makes 15?'. Count on from 8 to 15 (7 steps), or subtract 15 − 8 = 7. So the anu is 7: seven people got on.
Example: □ + 4 = 13 → 13 − 4 = 9 → anu = 9.
Watch out: put it back into the sentence to check.
Anu dalam tolak
14 − □ = 6
14 − 8 = 6
20 − 6 = 14
减法里的未知数 = anu dalam tolak
14 − □ = 6:14 减多少剩 6?用 14 − 6 = 8,所以 anu = 8。如果不知道的是被减数,例如 □ − 6 = 14,就用加法:14 + 6 = 20。
例子:30 − □ = 10 → anu = 20。
注意:求被减数用加法,求减数用减法。
unknown in subtraction = anu dalam tolak
14 − □ = 6: 14 take away what leaves 6? 14 − 6 = 8, so the anu is 8. If the unknown is the starting number, as in □ − 6 = 14, add: 14 + 6 = 20.
Example: 30 − □ = 10 → anu = 20.
Watch out: add to find a missing starting number; subtract to find a missing number taken away.
Simbol anu
Anu boleh ditulis dengan simbol lain
★ ▲ △
★ + 9 = 17
25 − ▲ = 18
△ − 40 = 60
★ = 8 · ▲ = 7 · △ = 100
其他符号 = simbol lain
anu 不一定写成 □,也可以写成 ★、▲、△。符号只是“代替那个不知道的数”,求法完全一样:★ + 9 = 17 → 17 − 9 = 8;25 − ▲ = 18 → 25 − 18 = 7;△ − 40 = 60 → 60 + 40 = 100。
例子:▲ + 50 = 120 → ▲ = 70。
注意:同一题里,同一个符号代表同一个数。
other symbols = simbol lain
The anu does not have to be a box; it can be ★, ▲ or △. The symbol simply stands for the unknown number, and we find it the same way: ★ + 9 = 17 → 17 − 9 = 8; 25 − ▲ = 18 → 25 − 18 = 7; △ − 40 = 60 → 60 + 40 = 100.
Example: ▲ + 50 = 120 → ▲ = 70.
Watch out: in one question, the same symbol always stands for the same number.
Kenal pasti anu
Aiman ada beberapa keping syiling di dalam tabung. Dia memasukkan 9 keping lagi. Kini ada 23 keping. Apakah anu?
认出未知数 = kenal pasti anu
故事里已经知道:Aiman 放进 9 个硬币,现在有 23 个。不知道的是“储蓄罐里一开始有几个硬币”,这就是 anu。
例子:“有一些书,借出 3 本,剩 7 本” → anu 是一开始的书。
注意:题目里没有给出的那个数才是 anu。
identify the unknown = kenal pasti anu
The story tells us Aiman put in 9 coins and there are now 23. What we do not know is how many coins were in the money box at first; that is the anu.
Example: 'some books, 3 lent out, 7 left' → the anu is the books at first.
Watch out: the anu is the number the story does not give.
Tulis ayat matematik
Ayat matematik manakah sesuai dengan cerita tabung Aiman?
写算式 = tulis ayat matematik
照故事的次序:一开始 □ 个,放进 9 个,等于 23 个 → □ + 9 = 23。
例子:有 □ 个苹果,吃了 2 个,剩 5 个 → □ − 2 = 5。
注意:9 + 23 = □ 表示把两个数加起来,和故事不配合。
write the number sentence = tulis ayat matematik
Follow the story: □ coins at first, put in 9, equals 23 → □ + 9 = 23.
Example: □ apples, 2 eaten, 5 left → □ − 2 = 5.
Watch out: 9 + 23 = □ adds the two numbers, which does not match the story.
Cari anu
□ + 9 = 23. Berapakah nilai anu?
求出未知数 = cari nilai anu
□ + 9 = 23,用减法:23 − 9 = 14。检查:14 + 9 = 23 ✔。所以储蓄罐里一开始有 14 个硬币。已知总数和其中一部分,求另一部分,就用总数减去已知的部分。
例子:□ + 6 = 15 → 9。
注意:32 是把 23 和 9 加起来,是错的。
find the unknown = cari nilai anu
□ + 9 = 23, so subtract: 23 − 9 = 14. Check: 14 + 9 = 23 ✔. There were 14 coins at first.
Example: □ + 6 = 15 → 9.
Watch out: 32 comes from adding 23 and 9, which is wrong.
Jumlah ialah anu
Gerai Mak Cik Jah menjual 245 biji karipap pada hari Sabtu dan 318 biji pada hari Ahad. △ ialah jumlah karipap yang dijual. Ayat matematik manakah betul?
总数是未知数 = jumlah ialah anu
星期六卖 245 个、星期日卖 318 个,两天的数都知道,不知道的是“一共卖了多少”。所以 anu 在等号右边:245 + 318 = △。
例子:上午来了 120 人,下午来了 205 人,一共 ▲ 人 → 120 + 205 = ▲。
注意:245 + △ = 318 表示“还差多少”,意思不一样。
the total is the unknown = jumlah ialah anu
Both days are given (245 and 318); the unknown is how many were sold altogether, so the anu sits after the equals sign: 245 + 318 = △.
Example: 120 people in the morning, 205 in the afternoon, ▲ altogether → 120 + 205 = ▲.
Watch out: 245 + △ = 318 asks 'how many more', which is a different story.
Cari anu
245 + 318 = △. Berapakah nilai △?
求总数 = cari jumlah
个位 5 + 8 = 13,写 3 进 1;十位 4 + 1 + 1 = 6;百位 2 + 3 = 5。所以 △ = 563,两天一共卖了 563 个咖哩角。
例子:136 + 247 = 383。
注意:553 是忘了进位;73 是用 318 减 245。
find the total = cari jumlah
Ones 5 + 8 = 13, write 3 carry 1; tens 4 + 1 + 1 = 6; hundreds 2 + 3 = 5. So △ = 563 curry puffs over the two days.
Example: 136 + 247 = 383.
Watch out: 553 forgets the carry; 73 comes from 318 − 245.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
□ = anu
Anu ialah kuantiti yang tidak diketahui. Tulis ayat matematik dengan □, kemudian cari nilainya.
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