Reka Cerita

关键词 = kata kunci 编加法故事可以用：menerima（收到）、membeli lagi（再买）、datang（来了）、jumlah（总共）。编减法故事可以用：menjual（卖掉）、memberi（送给）、menggunakan（用掉）、baki（剩下）、beza（相差）。看到这些词，就知道故事是要变多还是变少，也就知道要用加号还是减号。 例子：Ibu menggunakan 250 mℓ susu → 这是减法故事。 注意：选对关键词，故事才会配合算式。

key words = kata kunci For addition stories use menerima (receive), membeli lagi (buy more), datang (come), jumlah (total). For subtraction stories use menjual (sell), memberi (give), menggunakan (use), baki (left) and beza (difference). Example: Ibu menggunakan 250 mℓ susu → this is a subtraction story. Watch out: choose the right key words so the story matches the number sentence.

对应故事 = cerita yang sesuai 这是减法算式，所以故事里东西要变少：卖掉了 1 200 个，剩下 3 300 个。写“再摘 1 200 个”的故事是变多，应该是加法；写“有 1 200 个、卖掉 4 500 个”的故事把两个数的位置弄反了，也不够卖。 例子：600 − 100 = 500 → 有 600 本书，借出 100 本，剩 500 本。 注意：故事里的数目要和算式一样。

matching story = cerita yang sesuai This is a subtraction sentence, so something must get less: 1 200 are sold and 3 300 are left. The story where 1 200 more are picked makes the amount bigger, which is addition; the story with 1 200 coconuts and 4 500 sold has the numbers the wrong way round. Example: 600 − 100 = 500 → 600 books, 100 lent out, 500 left. Watch out: the numbers in the story must match the number sentence.

算式配故事 = padankan ayat dengan cerita 先找故事里的动作词：倒进去、再加进去是变多，用加法；喝掉、用掉是变少，用减法；问两个量“相差多少”，也用减法，而且是大的数减小的数。找到动作以后，再看故事里的数字是不是和算式里的一样。 例子：Ada 600 mℓ jus. Abang minum 200 mℓ → 600 − 200 = 400。 注意：两条减法算式都从 850 开始，要看减掉的是喝掉的量，还是用来比较的另一个量。

match sentence to story = padankan ayat dengan cerita First find the action word in each story: pouring in more makes the amount bigger, so it is addition; drinking or using makes it smaller, so it is subtraction; asking for the difference between two amounts is also subtraction, bigger minus smaller. Then check that the numbers in the story are the same as in the number sentence. Example: Ada 600 mℓ jus. Abang minum 200 mℓ → 600 − 200 = 400. Watch out: both subtraction sentences start with 850, so decide whether the story takes an amount away or compares two amounts.

由故事写算式 = tulis ayat matematik daripada cerita 照故事的次序写：一开始 2 600，卖掉 1 150（−），再收到 900（+）。从左到右算：2 600 − 1 150 = 1 450，1 450 + 900 = 2 350。 例子：有 50，用掉 10，再买 20 → 50 − 10 + 20 = 60。 注意：“terjual”是减，不要看到数字大就用加；卖掉 1 150 比收到的 900 多，所以最后的答案要比原来的 2 600 少。

write a number sentence from a story = tulis ayat matematik daripada cerita Follow the story in order: start with 2 600, 1 150 sold (−), then 900 received (+). Left to right: 2 600 − 1 150 = 1 450, 1 450 + 900 = 2 350. Example: 50, use 10, buy 20 more → 50 − 10 + 20 = 60. Watch out: terjual means subtract, whatever the size of the number; 1 150 sold is more than the 900 received, so the answer must be less than 2 600.

故事填空 = isi tempat kosong dalam cerita 照算式的次序把数字放进故事：一开始有的是第一个数 3 200（A）；“dihantar（送走）”是减，所以 B 是减号后面的 1 450；“tiba（到了）”是加，所以 C 是加号后面的 600；最后剩下的是答案 2 350（D）。1 750 是第一步的答案，故事里用不到。 例子：500 + 200 − 100 = 600 → Ada 500 biji bola. 200 biji dibeli lagi. 100 biji hilang. Kini ada 600 biji. 注意：不要把中间的答案 1 750 当成故事最后的数目，故事最后要写整条算式的答案。

fill in the story = isi tempat kosong dalam cerita Put the numbers into the story in the order of the number sentence: the starting amount is the first number 3 200 (A); dihantar (sent away) means subtract, so B is 1 450 after the minus sign; tiba (arrived) means add, so C is 600 after the plus sign; the amount at the end is the answer 2 350 (D). 1 750 is only the answer to step 1. Example: 500 + 200 − 100 = 600 → Ada 500 biji bola. 200 biji dibeli lagi. 100 biji hilang. Kini ada 600 biji. Watch out: do not use the step-1 answer 1 750 as the final amount; the story ends with the answer to the whole sentence.

用关键词编故事 = reka cerita dengan kata kunci 编故事要跟着算式走：先说一开始有多少（1 800 瓶）；“+ 350”要选表示变多的句子（350 botol lagi diterima）；“− 500”要选表示变少的句子（500 botol dijual）；最后说现在有多少（1 650 瓶）。有两张卡的动作跟符号相反，用不到。 例子：2 000 − 400 + 100 = 1 700 → Ada 2 000 helai kertas. 400 helai digunakan. 100 helai lagi dibeli. Kini ada 1 700 helai. 注意：“350 botol dijual”数字对，但动作是减，和“+ 350”不配；选卡时数字和动作都要对。

build a story with key words = reka cerita dengan kata kunci The story follows the number sentence: first say how many there are at the start (1 800 bottles); for + 350 choose a sentence where the amount grows (350 botol lagi diterima); for − 500 choose one where it shrinks (500 botol dijual); end with how many there are now (1 650 bottles). Two cards have the action opposite to the sign and are not used. Example: 2 000 − 400 + 100 = 1 700 → Ada 2 000 helai kertas. 400 helai digunakan. 100 helai lagi dibeli. Kini ada 1 700 helai. Watch out: 350 botol dijual has the right number but a subtracting action, so it does not match + 350; both the number and the action must fit.