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Unit 3 · Tambah Lagi
Unit 3

Tambah Lagi

Jika jumlah satu tempat ialah 10 atau lebih, kita perlu mengumpul semula.

10 sa = 1 puluh

Tambah Lagi
进位 = mengumpul semula 某一位加起来等于 10 或超过 10,就要进位:10 个一换成 1 个十,10 个十换成 1 个百,10 个百换成 1 个千。换好的 1 写在左边那一位的上面,等一下一起加。 例子:8 + 5 = 13 → 个位写 3,向十位进 1。 注意:进位的 1 一定要记得加进下一位。
regroup = mengumpul semula When a place adds up to 10 or more, you regroup: 10 ones become 1 ten, 10 tens become 1 hundred, 10 hundreds become 1 thousand. Write the carried 1 above the next place to the left and add it in. Example: 8 + 5 = 13 → write 3 in the ones and carry 1 to the tens. Watch out: always remember to add the carried 1 to the next place.
Bentuk lazim

Mengumpul semula

4 568 + 275 = ?

riburatuspuluhsa4568275+314184
竖式进位 = mengumpul semula dalam bentuk lazim 个位 8+5=13,写 3,进 1 到十位;十位 6+7+1=14,写 4,进 1 到百位;百位 5+2+1=8;千位 4。所以 4 568 + 275 = 4 843。红色小字就是进位的 1。 例子:1 347 + 26 → 7+6=13,写 3 进 1 → 1 373。 注意:连续两位都进位时,每一位都要加上进来的 1。
carrying in columns = mengumpul semula dalam bentuk lazim Ones 8+5=13: write 3, carry 1 to the tens. Tens 6+7+1=14: write 4, carry 1 to the hundreds. Hundreds 5+2+1=8. Thousands 4. So 4 568 + 275 = 4 843. The small red digits are the carried ones. Example: 1 347 + 26 → 7+6=13, write 3 carry 1 → 1 373. Watch out: when two places both regroup, add the carried 1 in each place.
Makmal interaktif

Mesin kumpul semula

Tambah satu sa atau satu puluh. Perhatikan sepuluh unit bertukar menjadi satu unit di sebelah kiri.

重新组合 = kumpul semula;十个一 = sepuluh sa;一个十 = satu puluh 实验台把百、十、个分开显示。选择一种情况后加 1;当个位集满 10 个,就清空个位并在十位增加 1;十位集满 10 个时也一样换成 1 个百。连续进位会依次发生两次交换。 例子:2 个十和 9 个一再加 1,变成 3 个十和 0 个一。 注意:交换以后总数量没有改变,只是表示方式变了。
regroup = kumpul semula; ten ones = sepuluh sa; one ten = satu puluh The lab displays hundreds, tens and ones separately. Pick a case and add 1. When the ones reach 10, they clear and add 1 to the tens; when the tens reach 10, they clear and add 1 to the hundreds. A chain regrouping performs both exchanges in order. Example: 2 tens and 9 ones plus 1 become 3 tens and 0 ones. Watch out: regrouping does not change the total amount; it only changes how that amount is represented.
Semak makmal

Apabila terdapat 10 sa, apakah perubahan yang berlaku?

十个一 = 10 sa;变换 = perubahan 题目请你说明个位达到 10 时怎样重新组合。回想实验台里圆点从个位消失后,哪一个相邻数位增加了 1。请根据数位相邻关系作答,不要只看颜色。 例子:可以把 10 支单独的铅笔捆成一束十支,再想这束应该放在哪一栏。 注意:重新组合不是把数量丢掉,总值必须保持相同。
ten ones = 10 sa; change = perubahan The question asks what happens when the ones place reaches 10. Recall which neighbouring place increased by 1 when the dots disappeared from the ones box in the lab. Use the place-value relationship, not the colours, to choose. Example: imagine tying 10 separate pencils into one bundle of ten and decide which column should hold that bundle. Watch out: regrouping never throws the amount away; the total value must stay the same.
Abakus

Kawan kecil dan kawan besar

Bila manik tidak cukup

Kawan kecil (5)

1 dan 4
2 dan 3

Kawan besar (10)

1 dan 9 · 2 dan 8
3 dan 7 · 4 dan 6
5 dan 5

Tambah 4 = naik 5, turun 1
Tambah 7 = turun 3, bawa 1 ke kiri

小朋友数 = kawan kecil;大朋友数 = kawan besar 算盘每档只有 4 颗下珠,有时候不够拨。这时要找“朋友”:两个数合起来是 5,叫 kawan kecil(1 和 4、2 和 3);两个数合起来是 10,叫 kawan besar(1 和 9、2 和 8、3 和 7、4 和 6、5 和 5)。加 4 可以变成“拨下上珠 5,再拨去 1”;加 7 可以变成“拨去 3,再向左一档进 1”。 例子:个位是 2,要加 3,下珠不够 → kawan kecil 3 是 2 → 拨下 5、拨去 2 → 5。 注意:kawan kecil 用上珠(5)帮忙;kawan besar 要向左边一档进 1,不能在同一档拨 10。
small friend = kawan kecil, big friend = kawan besar Each rod has only 4 lower beads, so sometimes there are not enough. Then use a friend. Two numbers that make 5 are small friends (1 and 4, 2 and 3). Two numbers that make 10 are big friends (1 and 9, 2 and 8, 3 and 7, 4 and 6, 5 and 5). Adding 4 becomes: push down the 5 bead, take away 1. Adding 7 becomes: take away 3, carry 1 to the rod on the left. Example: the ones rod shows 2 and you add 3; the small friend of 3 is 2 → push down 5, take away 2 → 5. Watch out: a small friend uses the 5 bead; a big friend carries 1 to the next rod on the left.
Abakus · bahagian 1

Guna kawan kecil

2 346 + 1 272 = ?

ribu
ratus
puluh
sa
① Naik 2 346
ribu
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puluh
sa
② Tambah 1 ribu
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③ Tambah 2 ratus: kawan kecil 2 ialah 3.
Naik 5 ratus, turun 3 ratus.
用小朋友数 = guna kawan kecil 先拨 2 346,从千位开始加 1 272。千位加 1,直接拨上。百位原来有 3 颗下珠,要加 2,下珠不够。2 的小朋友数是 3(2 + 3 = 5),所以拨下上珠(加 5),再拨去 3 颗下珠(减 3),等于加了 2。现在百位是 5,算盘显示 3 546。 例子:个位是 4,要加 1 → kawan kecil 1 是 4 → 拨下 5、拨去 4 → 5。 注意:拨下 5 以后一定要拨去朋友数,否则会多加。
using a small friend = guna kawan kecil Set 2 346 and add 1 272 starting from the thousands. Thousands +1: push up one bead. The hundreds rod has 3 lower beads and we add 2, but there are not enough beads. The small friend of 2 is 3 (2 + 3 = 5), so push down the 5 bead (add 5) and take away 3 lower beads (subtract 3); that adds 2. The hundreds rod now shows 5 and the abacus reads 3 546. Example: the ones rod shows 4 and you add 1 → small friend of 1 is 4 → push down 5, take away 4 → 5. Watch out: after pushing down the 5 bead, always take away the friend, or you add too much.
Abakus · bahagian 2

Guna kawan besar

3 546 → 3 618

ribu
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③ 3 546
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④ Tambah 7 puluh: kawan besar 7 ialah 3. Turun 3 puluh, bawa 1 ratus.
ribu
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sa
⑤ Tambah 2 sa → 3 618

2 346 + 1 272 = 3 618

用大朋友数 = guna kawan besar 十位原来是 4,要加 7,4 + 7 超过 9,这一档放不下,要进位。7 的大朋友数是 3(7 + 3 = 10),所以在十位拨去 3(4 − 3 = 1),再向百位进 1(5 变 6)。这就是“加 7 = 进 10 再减 3”。最后个位加 2:6 + 2 = 8。答案 3 618,和竖式 2 346 + 1 272 = 3 618 一样。 例子:个位是 8,要加 5 → kawan besar 5 是 5 → 个位拨去 5,十位进 1。 注意:进位的 1 要拨在左边一档,不要忘了;忘了就会少 10。
using a big friend = guna kawan besar The tens rod shows 4 and we add 7; 4 + 7 is more than 9, so it will not fit and we must regroup. The big friend of 7 is 3 (7 + 3 = 10), so take away 3 tens (4 − 3 = 1) and carry 1 hundred (5 becomes 6). Adding 7 is the same as adding 10 and taking away 3. Last, add 2 ones: 6 + 2 = 8. The answer 3 618 matches the column method. Example: the ones rod shows 8 and you add 5 → big friend of 5 is 5 → take 5 away from the ones, carry 1 ten. Watch out: push up the carried 1 on the rod to the left; forgetting it makes the answer 10 too small.
Cuba abakus

Abakus: 1 430. Tambah 3 puluh. Apakah langkah di tempat puluh?

ribu
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用算盘加 = tambah dengan abakus 十位已经有 3 颗下珠,只剩 1 颗,不够再拨 3。3 + 3 = 6 没有超过 9,不必进位,所以用小朋友数:3 的 kawan kecil 是 2 → 拨下上珠 5,拨去 2 颗下珠,十位变成 6,算盘显示 1 460。 例子:1 104 + 3 → 个位 4 颗下珠已满 → 拨下 5、拨去 2 → 1 107。 注意:只有和超过 9 时才用 kawan besar 进位;这里 3 + 3 = 6,用 kawan kecil。
adding on the abacus = tambah dengan abakus The tens rod already has 3 lower beads, so only 1 is left and you cannot push up 3 more. 3 + 3 = 6 is not more than 9, so there is no carrying; use the small friend: the small friend of 3 is 2 → push down the 5 bead and take away 2 lower beads. The tens rod shows 6 and the abacus reads 1 460. Example: 1 104 + 3 → the ones rod is full → push down 5, take away 2 → 1 107. Watch out: use a big friend only when the sum is more than 9; here 3 + 3 = 6, so use a small friend.
Cara mudah

Genapkan dahulu

2 316 + 1 998 = ?

1 998 = 2 000 − 2
2 316 + 2 000 = 4 316
4 316 − 2 = 4 314
凑整 = genapkan 1 998 很接近 2 000。可以先加 2 000(很好算),因为多加了 2,所以最后再减 2。2 316 + 2 000 = 4 316,4 316 − 2 = 4 314。 例子:3 405 + 999 → 3 405 + 1 000 − 1 = 4 404。 注意:多加了几,最后就要减回几。
make a round number = genapkan 1 998 is very close to 2 000. Add 2 000 first (easy), and because you added 2 too many, subtract 2 at the end. 2 316 + 2 000 = 4 316, then 4 316 − 2 = 4 314. Example: 3 405 + 999 → 3 405 + 1 000 − 1 = 4 404. Watch out: take away exactly the extra amount you added.
Nombor yang hilang

Lompat pada garis nombor

5 736 + ? = 6 000

5 736
5 740
5 800
6 000

+4   +60   +200 → 264

数线跳跃 = lompat pada garis nombor 要找从 5 736 到 6 000 差多少,可以一段一段跳到整数:先 +4 到 5 740,再 +60 到 5 800,再 +200 到 6 000。把每一跳加起来:4 + 60 + 200 = 264。 例子:2 950 + ? = 3 000 → +50 → 50。 注意:每一跳都跳到比较整的数,方便计算。
jumps on a number line = lompat pada garis nombor To find the gap from 5 736 to 6 000, jump to round numbers: +4 to 5 740, +60 to 5 800, +200 to 6 000. Add the jumps: 4 + 60 + 200 = 264. Example: 2 950 + ? = 3 000 → +50 → 50. Watch out: jump to round numbers so each step is easy.
Cuba kira

3 489 + 2 347 = ?

3489
+2347
????
两次进位 = dua kali mengumpul semula 个位 9+7=16,写 6 进 1;十位 8+4+1=13,写 3 进 1;百位 4+3+1=8;千位 3+2=5。答案是 5 836。这一题要进位两次,每次进位都要把 1 写在左边那一位的上方,提醒自己。 例子:1 258 + 1 164 = 2 422。 注意:忘了进位,就会得到 5 726 这种错误答案。
regrouping twice = dua kali mengumpul semula Ones 9+7=16: write 6, carry 1. Tens 8+4+1=13: write 3, carry 1. Hundreds 4+3+1=8. Thousands 3+2=5. The answer is 5 836. Example: 1 258 + 1 164 = 2 422. Watch out: forgetting to carry gives a wrong answer like 5 726.
Cari kesilapan

Aina menulis 1 675 + 248 = 1 813. Apakah jawapan yang betul?

漏了进位 = lupa mengumpul semula Aina 在个位和十位都没有进位。正确做法:5+8=13 写 3 进 1;7+4+1=12 写 2 进 1;6+2+1=9;千位 1。答案 1 923。找错的时候,要从个位开始,一位一位地重新计算,看看哪里漏了进位。 例子:2 456 + 175 = 2 631。 注意:用约数检查:1 700 + 200 = 1 900,1 813 太小了。
forgot to regroup = lupa mengumpul semula Aina did not carry in the ones or the tens. Correctly: 5+8=13 write 3 carry 1; 7+4+1=12 write 2 carry 1; 6+2+1=9; thousands 1. The answer is 1 923. Example: 2 456 + 175 = 2 631. Watch out: estimate to check: 1 700 + 200 = 1 900, so 1 813 is too small.
Padankan

Jumlah yang genap

连续进位 = mengumpul semula berturut-turut 这些算式加起来都会连续进位,刚好凑成整百或整千。2 999 + 1:个位满 10 进 1,十位变成 10 又进 1,百位也变成 10 再进 1,一直进到千位,得到 3 000。另外两题也要一位一位算,看清楚哪一位满 10 要进位、哪一位不必进位。 例子:1 995 + 5 = 2 000。 注意:进位后十位变成 10 时,还要再向百位进 1,不能在十位写 10。
carrying again and again = mengumpul semula berturut-turut These sums keep regrouping and make exactly a round hundred or thousand. 2 999 + 1: the ones make 10, carry 1; the tens become 10, carry 1; the hundreds become 10, carry 1; right up to the thousands, giving 3 000. Work out the other two place by place too, and see which places make 10 and which do not. Example: 1 995 + 5 = 2 000. Watch out: when a carried 1 makes the tens 10, carry again to the hundreds; never write 10 in one place.
Ringkasan

Syabas!

10 → kumpul semula 1

Jika jumlah satu tempat 10 atau lebih, tulis digit sa dan kumpul semula 1 ke tempat sebelah kiri.

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