Unit 11
Pola Nombor
Seekor katak melompat di atas daun teratai bernombor:
2 3002 3052 3102 3152 320
+5 +5 +5 +5

数列规律 = pola nombor
一组按规律排列的数,每次都加上(或减去)同样的数目。找规律就是找出“每次加几”或“每次减几”,再用马来文说出来。
例子:2 300、2 305、2 310 → 每次加 5 → pola nombor menaik lima-lima。
注意:越来越大叫 menaik,越来越小叫 menurun。
number pattern = pola nombor
A number pattern adds (or subtracts) the same amount each time. Finding the pattern means finding how much is added or subtracted each time and saying it in Malay.
Example: 2 300, 2 305, 2 310 → add 5 each time → pola nombor menaik lima-lima.
Watch out: getting bigger is menaik; getting smaller is menurun.
Cara mencari pola
Cari beza antara dua nombor
Pola nombor menurun enam-enam
找规律 = cari pola;相差 = beza
比较相邻两个数,算出相差多少;再检查每一对都相差一样。数目越来越小,就是 menurun;越来越大,就是 menaik。最后说出“menurun/menaik 几几”。
例子:3 912、3 906、3 900 → 每次少 6 → menurun enam-enam。
注意:一定要检查不只一对,确定规律是一样的。
find the pattern = cari pola, difference = beza
Compare two neighbouring numbers and work out the difference, then check that every pair has the same difference. If the numbers get smaller the pattern is menurun; if they get bigger it is menaik. Then say it, for example menurun enam-enam.
Example: 3 912, 3 906, 3 900 → 6 less each time → menurun enam-enam.
Watch out: always check more than one pair to be sure the rule stays the same.
Pelbagai pola
sepuluh-sepuluh · sembilan-sembilan · seratus-seratus · seribu-seribu
5 230, 5 240, 5 250 → menaik sepuluh-sepuluh
7 369, 7 360, 7 351 → menurun sembilan-sembilan
9 540, 9 440, 9 340 → menurun seratus-seratus
2 615, 3 615, 4 615 → menaik seribu-seribu
各种规律 = pelbagai pola
规律可以是加 10、减 9、减 100、加 1 000 等等。用马来文说的时候,把数字说两次:sepuluh-sepuluh(十十地)、sembilan-sembilan(九九地)。
例子:6 780、6 680、6 580 → 每次少 100 → menurun seratus-seratus。
注意:减 9 的时候个位和十位都会变,要小心计算。
different patterns = pelbagai pola
Patterns can add 10, subtract 9, subtract 100, add 1 000 and so on. In Malay we say the number twice: sepuluh-sepuluh (in tens), sembilan-sembilan (in nines).
Example: 6 780, 6 680, 6 580 → 100 less each time → menurun seratus-seratus.
Watch out: subtracting 9 changes both the ones and the tens, so calculate carefully.
Semak cepat
Apakah pola nombor bagi 6 818, 6 816, 6 814, 6 812?
说出规律 = nyatakan pola
先看数目是越来越大还是越来越小,再算相邻两个数相差多少,然后选出正确的说法。
例子:思考方法像这样:3 105、3 110、3 115 → 越来越大,每次加 5 → menaik lima-lima。
注意:要同时判断方向(menaik/menurun)和数量。
state the pattern = nyatakan pola
First see whether the numbers get bigger or smaller, then find the difference between neighbours, and choose the correct description.
Example: think like this: 3 105, 3 110, 3 115 → bigger each time, add 5 → menaik lima-lima.
Watch out: you need both the direction (menaik or menurun) and the amount.
Lengkapkan
7 460, ______, 7 260, 7 160, 7 060
填空 = lengkapkan
先用已知的相邻两个数(7 260 和 7 160)找出规律,再用同样的规律推出空格的数。
例子:6 900、___、6 700 → 每次少 100 → 空格是 6 800。
注意:空格在第二个位置,要从 7 460 减,不是从 7 260 加。
complete = lengkapkan
Use two known neighbours (7 260 and 7 160) to find the rule, then use the same rule to find the missing number.
Example: 6 900, ___, 6 700 → 100 less each time → the gap is 6 800.
Watch out: the gap is in the second position, so subtract from 7 460.
Padankan
Nombor dan polanya
配对 = padankan;规律 = pola
每一组数都算出相邻两个数相差多少,再看是变大还是变小,就能找到对应的规律。
例子:2 410、2 420、2 430 → 加 10 → menaik sepuluh-sepuluh。
注意:8 601 变成 8 598 时百位也跟着变了(6 变 5),不要以为是减 100;用减法算出真正只相差 3。
match = padankan, pattern = pola
For each list, work out the difference between neighbours and whether the numbers get bigger or smaller, then find the matching pattern.
Example: 2 410, 2 420, 2 430 → add 10 → menaik sepuluh-sepuluh.
Watch out: from 8 601 to 8 598 the hundreds digit also changes, but that does not mean 100 was taken away; subtract to find the real difference of 3.
Reka pola sendiri
Nombor mula · arah · beza
① Nombor mula: 2 390
② Arah: menurun
③ Beza: 4 (empat-empat)
④ Tulis dan semak:
2 3902 3862 3822 378
−4 −4 −4
设计规律 = reka pola
自己设计数列规律有四步:先选一个开始的数,再决定越来越大(menaik)还是越来越小(menurun),然后决定每次加几或减几,最后写出四、五个数,并一对一对检查相差是不是都一样。
例子:从 5 150 开始,menaik sepuluh-sepuluh → 5 150、5 160、5 170、5 180。
注意:每一步都要用同一个数加或减,中途换了数目就不是规律了。
design a pattern = reka pola
To design your own pattern: choose a starting number, choose the direction (menaik, getting bigger, or menurun, getting smaller), choose the same step each time, then write four or five numbers and check every difference.
Example: start at 5 150, menaik sepuluh-sepuluh → 5 150, 5 160, 5 170, 5 180.
Watch out: use the same step every time; if the step changes halfway, it is no longer a pattern.
Reka pola
Pola kamu: mula 4 675, menaik sepuluh-sepuluh. Tekan empat nombor pertama.
按十递增 = menaik sepuluh-sepuluh
规律已经定好:从 4 675 开始,每次加 10,也就是十位每次加 1。先点开始的数,再一个一个点出后面的数。
例子:从 3 208 开始按 10 递增 → 3 208、3 218、3 228、3 238。
注意:4 695 再加 10 时十位要进位,变成 4 705,不是 4 6105。
count up in tens = menaik sepuluh-sepuluh
The rule is set: start at 4 675 and add 10 each time, so the tens digit goes up by 1. Tap the starting number first, then each next number.
Example: from 3 208 counting up in tens → 3 208, 3 218, 3 228, 3 238.
Watch out: 4 695 plus 10 regroups into the hundreds to become 4 705, not 4 6105.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
Cari beza · Semak arah
Pola nombor menaik atau menurun dengan beza yang sama setiap kali.
Latihan tambahan →