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Unit 3 · Teroka Nombor
Unit 3

Teroka Nombor

Sebuah kedai buku menerima 10 kotak. Setiap kotak ada 100 buah buku. Berapakah jumlah buku?


10 ratus = 1 ribu = 1 000

Teroka Nombor
十个一百 = 10 ratus;一千 = seribu 十个一百合起来就是一千。马来文说 10 ratus = 1 ribu,也就是 seribu。这是四位数里最重要的换算:百位满了十个,就进到千位。 例子:10 盒、每盒 100 本书 → 100、200、300……1 000,一共 1 000 本。 注意:1 000 读 seribu,不读 sepuluh ratus。
ten hundreds = 10 ratus, one thousand = seribu Ten hundreds together make one thousand. In Malay, 10 ratus = 1 ribu, which is seribu. This is the key exchange for four-digit numbers: when the hundreds place reaches ten, it becomes one thousand. Example: 10 boxes of 100 books → 100, 200, 300 … 1 000, so 1 000 books. Watch out: 1 000 is read seribu, not sepuluh ratus.
Bilang dalam ribu

Seribu, dua ribu, tiga ribu …

0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
5 000
10001000100010001000
按千数 = bilang dalam ribu;数线 = garis nombor 按千数时,每次加 1 000:seribu、dua ribu、tiga ribu……数线上每一格就是 1 000。5 个一千就是 5 000。 例子:3 000 再加 1 000 → 4 000 = empat ribu。 注意:只有 1 000 读 seribu,2 000 以上用 dua ribu、tiga ribu……
count in thousands = bilang dalam ribu, number line = garis nombor When counting in thousands, add 1 000 each time: seribu, dua ribu, tiga ribu … Each jump on the number line is 1 000, and 5 thousands make 5 000. Example: 3 000 plus 1 000 → 4 000 = empat ribu. Watch out: only 1 000 is seribu; from 2 000 we say dua ribu, tiga ribu and so on.
Bilang dalam puluh

3 000, 3 010, 3 020 …

3 000
3 010
3 020
3 030
3 040
100010001000
按十数 = bilang dalam puluh 从 3 000 开始,每次加 10,只有十位在变:3 010、3 020、3 030、3 040。3 040 就是 3 个一千加 4 个十。 例子:3 010 = tiga ribu sepuluh;3 040 = tiga ribu empat puluh。 注意:3 010 的百位是 0,所以读的时候没有 ratus。
count in tens = bilang dalam puluh Starting from 3 000, add 10 each time. Only the tens digit changes: 3 010, 3 020, 3 030, 3 040. So 3 040 is 3 thousands and 4 tens. Example: 3 010 = tiga ribu sepuluh; 3 040 = tiga ribu empat puluh. Watch out: 3 010 has 0 hundreds, so there is no ratus when we read it.
Tunjukkan kuantiti

Blok dan abakus bagi 2 314

Blok

10001000

Abakus

ribu
ratus
puluh
sa
2 314
表示数量 = tunjukkan kuantiti;方块 = blok;算盘 = abakus 同一个数量可以用积木或算盘表示:大方块是一千,平板是一百,长条是十,小方块是一。算盘每一柱的珠子数就是那个数位的数字。 例子:2 个一千、3 个一百、1 个十、4 个一 → 2 314 = dua ribu tiga ratus empat belas。 注意:14 读 empat belas,因为十位是 1。
show the quantity = tunjukkan kuantiti, block = blok, abacus = abakus The same quantity can be shown with blocks or an abacus: a big cube is one thousand, a flat is one hundred, a rod is ten and a small cube is one. On an abacus, the beads on each rod give the digit for that place. Example: 2 thousands, 3 hundreds, 1 ten, 4 ones → 2 314 = dua ribu tiga ratus empat belas. Watch out: 14 is read empat belas because the tens digit is 1.
Makmal interaktif

Bina nombor pada abakus

Pilih batang ribu, ratus, puluh atau sa. Gerakkan nilainya hingga sama dengan sasaran.

上珠 = manik atas;下珠 = manik bawah;横梁 = palang 这个算盘每一档有一颗上珠和四颗下珠。上珠靠近横梁时代表 5,每颗下珠靠近横梁时代表 1。先选千、百、十或个位,再按按钮改变该档的数字,直到四档组成目标数。 例子:千位 3、百位 1、十位 4、个位 2,就组成 3 142。 注意:离开横梁的珠子不计数,每一档最多表示 9。
upper bead = manik atas; lower bead = manik bawah; beam = palang Each rod has one upper bead worth 5 and four lower beads worth 1 each. A bead counts only when it touches the beam. Choose the thousands, hundreds, tens or ones rod, then change its digit until all four rods make the target number. Example: digits 3, 1, 4 and 2 make 3 142. Watch out: beads away from the beam do not count, and each rod can show at most 9.
Semak makmal

Pada abakus, manik manakah bernilai 5?

题意 = maksud soalan;值 = nilai 题目要你辨认算盘中哪一种珠子表示 5。回想实验台:观察横梁上方和下方的珠子,每按一次时数字改变多少,再选相符的名称。 例子:你可以先在任意一档从 0 开始逐步增加,看看什么时候需要用到上方的珠子。 注意:题目问的是珠子的数值,不是珠子所在的数位。
question meaning = maksud soalan; value = nilai The question asks which kind of bead has a value of 5. Recall the lab and watch how much the digit changes when the upper or lower beads move towards the beam. Then choose the matching bead name. Example: start a rod at 0 and increase it step by step to observe when the upper bead is needed. Watch out: the question asks about the bead's value, not the place value of its rod.
Semak cepat

Abakus manakah menunjukkan 4 120?

A

ribu
ratus
puluh
sa

B

ribu
ratus
puluh
sa

C

ribu
ratus
puluh
sa
哪一个 = yang mana;珠子 = manik 这一题要你找出表示 4 120 的算盘。先把 4 120 拆开:千位 4、百位 1、十位 2、个位 0,再一个一个算盘去数珠子,从左到右对照。 例子:思考方法像这样:3 201 → 千位 3 颗、百位 2 颗、十位 0 颗、个位 1 颗。 注意:三个算盘用的数字一样,只是位置不同。
which one = yang mana, bead = manik Find the abacus that shows 4 120. Split 4 120 first: thousands 4, hundreds 1, tens 2, ones 0. Then count the beads on each abacus from left to right and compare. Example: think like this: 3 201 → 3 beads, 2 beads, 0 beads, 1 bead. Watch out: the three abacuses use the same digits in different places.
Nilai tempat dan nilai digit

Nombor 3 582

Digit3582
Nilai tempatriburatuspuluhsa
Nilai digit3 000500802
数位 = nilai tempat;数值 = nilai digit 数位是数字所在的位置(千、百、十、个);数值是这个数字在这个位置真正代表多少。同一个数字放在不同数位,数值就不同。 例子:3 582 里的 5 在百位(nilai tempat = ratus),它的数值是 500(nilai digit = 500)。 注意:问“nilai tempat”答位置名称;问“nilai digit”答一个数目。
place value = nilai tempat, digit value = nilai digit The place value is where a digit sits: thousands, hundreds, tens or ones. The digit value is how much the digit is really worth in that place. The same digit has a different value in a different place. Example: in 3 582 the 5 is in the hundreds place (nilai tempat = ratus), so its digit value is 500 (nilai digit = 500). Watch out: for nilai tempat, answer with a place name; for nilai digit, answer with a number.
Digit sifar

Nombor 5 064

ribu5
ratus0
puluh6
sa4
Digit5064
Nilai digit5 0000604
零的数值 = nilai digit sifar 0 也有自己的数位,但它的数值永远是 0。在 5 064 里,0 在百位,所以百位的数值是 0,表示“没有百”。 例子:7 305 里的 0 在十位,nilai tempat = puluh,nilai digit = 0。 注意:0 的数值是 0,不是 00 或 100。
value of zero = nilai digit sifar A 0 still has its own place, but its digit value is always 0. In 5 064 the 0 is in the hundreds place, so the hundreds value is 0, meaning 'no hundreds'. Example: in 7 305 the 0 is in the tens place: nilai tempat = puluh, nilai digit = 0. Watch out: the value of 0 is simply 0, not 00 or 100.
Cerakinkan nombor

4 736

4 000+700+30+64 736
Nilai tempat: 4 ribu + 7 ratus + 3 puluh + 6 sa
Nilai digit: 4 000 + 700 + 30 + 6
30 + 4 000 + 6 + 700 = 4 736 juga betul
分解 = cerakin 把一个数目拆开有两种写法:按数位写(4 ribu + 7 ratus + 3 puluh + 6 sa),或按数值写(4 000 + 700 + 30 + 6)。两种都等于原来的数。 例子:2 518 = 2 ribu + 5 ratus + 1 puluh + 8 sa = 2 000 + 500 + 10 + 8。 注意:加法的次序可以调换,30 + 4 000 + 6 + 700 还是 4 736。
split a number = cerakin A number can be split in two ways: by place value (4 ribu + 7 ratus + 3 puluh + 6 sa) or by digit value (4 000 + 700 + 30 + 6). Both add up to the same number. Example: 2 518 = 2 ribu + 5 ratus + 1 puluh + 8 sa = 2 000 + 500 + 10 + 8. Watch out: the parts can be added in any order, so 30 + 4 000 + 6 + 700 is still 4 736.
Semak cepat

Apakah nilai digit bagi digit 7 dalam 4 783?

数值 = nilai digit 先找出 7 在 4 783 的哪一个数位,再说出它在那个数位代表多少。数值要写成一个数目。 例子:在 5 390 里,3 在百位,所以 3 的数值是 300。 注意:不是问位置名称,而是问它值多少。
digit value = nilai digit First find which place the 7 is in within 4 783, then say how much it is worth in that place. The answer is a number. Example: in 5 390 the 3 is in the hundreds place, so its digit value is 300. Watch out: the question asks for the value, not the name of the place.
Cerakinkan

Cerakinkan 6 247 mengikut nilai digit.

按数值分解 = cerakin mengikut nilai digit 把 6 247 的每一个数位都写成它的数值,依次是千、百、十、个,再用 + 连起来。 例子:3 152 → 3 000 + 100 + 50 + 2。 注意:6 在千位是 6 000,不是 600;4 在十位是 40,不是 400。
split by digit value = cerakin mengikut nilai digit Write each place of 6 247 as its digit value, in order: thousands, hundreds, tens, ones, joined with +. Example: 3 152 → 3 000 + 100 + 50 + 2. Watch out: a 6 in the thousands place is 6 000, not 600, and a 4 in the tens place is 40, not 400.
Padankan

Nombor dan cerakinnya

分解式 = cerakin;相加 = jumlahkan 配对时,把分解式里的数加起来,看看是不是等于左边的数目;也可以反过来,把数目按数位拆开再对照。 例子:2 000 + 40 + 7 = 2 047,所以它配 2 047,不配 2 470。 注意:这些数目用的数字很像,要特别看清每个数在哪一位。
split form = cerakin, add up = jumlahkan To match, add up the parts of each split and check whether the total equals the number on the left. You can also split the number by place and compare. Example: 2 000 + 40 + 7 = 2 047, so it matches 2 047, not 2 470. Watch out: the numbers use similar digits, so check which place each part belongs to.
Cerakin bercampur dan petak kosong

Susunan boleh berubah · digit 0 boleh diabaikan

4 sa + 6 ribu + 9 puluh + 1 ratus = 6 194
3 000 + ? + 60 = 3 460
3 460 → ribu 3 000 · ratus 400 · puluh 60 · sa 0
Nilai digit 0 boleh diabaikan: 3 460 = 3 000 + 400 + 60
缺项分解 = cerakin dengan petak kosong 分解式的次序可以打乱,只要把每一部分放回它的数位就能组成原数。遇到空格时,先把整个数按数位拆开,看看哪一个数位还没有出现,空格就是那个数位的数值。按数值分解时,数值是 0 的部分可以不写。 例子:□ + 2 000 + 5 = 2 705 → 2 705 拆开是 2 000、700、0、5,还缺 700,所以 □ = 700。 注意:空格的答案要写数值(700),不是只写数字 7。
split with a missing part = cerakin dengan petak kosong The parts of a split can be in any order; put each part back in its place to rebuild the number. When a box is empty, split the whole number by place and see which place is not there yet; the box is the value of that place. When splitting by digit value, a part with value 0 may be left out. Example: ? + 2 000 + 5 = 2 705 → 2 705 splits into 2 000, 700, 0 and 5, so 700 is missing and the box is 700. Watch out: the box needs the digit value (700), not just the digit 7.
Cuba

4 000 + ______ + 8 = 4 308

缺项 = bahagian yang hilang 先把 4 308 按数值拆开:4 000、300、0、8。题目已经有 4 000 和 8,十位是 0 可以省略,所以空格就是还没出现的那一部分。 例子:5 000 + □ + 1 = 5 061 → 拆开 5 000、0、60、1 → □ = 60。 注意:3 在百位,数值是 300,不是 30。
missing part = bahagian yang hilang Split 4 308 by digit value: 4 000, 300, 0 and 8. The question already has 4 000 and 8, and the 0 tens can be left out, so the box is the part that has not appeared yet. Example: 5 000 + ? + 1 = 5 061 → 5 000, 0, 60, 1 → the box is 60. Watch out: the 3 is in the hundreds place, so its value is 300, not 30.
Cabar minda

Naikkan satu manik bawah di setiap batang

ribu
ratus
puluh
sa
+1 manik di setiap batang = + 1 000 + 100 + 10 + 1
2 315 + 1 111 = 3 426
3 426 = 3 000 + 400 + 20 + 6
每柱加一颗珠 = naikkan satu manik di setiap batang 算盘每一柱代表一个数位。每一柱都多拨一颗下珠,就是千位、百位、十位、个位各加 1,也就是一共加了 1 000 + 100 + 10 + 1 = 1 111。 例子:4 102 每柱各加一颗 → 5 213 = 5 000 + 200 + 10 + 3。 注意:如果某一柱原来是 9,加 1 就要进位,所以这种题要先检查每一柱都不是 9。
one more bead on every rod = naikkan satu manik di setiap batang Each rod of the abacus is one place. Raising one more lower bead on every rod adds 1 to the thousands, hundreds, tens and ones, which adds 1 000 + 100 + 10 + 1 = 1 111 altogether. Example: 4 102 with one more bead on each rod → 5 213 = 5 000 + 200 + 10 + 3. Watch out: if a rod already shows 9, adding 1 means regrouping, so first check that no rod is 9.
Cabar minda

Satu manik bawah dinaikkan di setiap batang. Apakah nombor baharu?

ribu
ratus
puluh
sa
每柱加一 = tambah 1 di setiap tempat 先读出算盘上的数,再把千位、百位、十位、个位都各加 1,也就是加 1 111。 例子:3 040 每柱加一颗 → 4 151。 注意:不是只在个位加 1;每一柱都要加,包括原来是 0 的那一柱。
add 1 to every place = tambah 1 di setiap tempat Read the number on the abacus first, then add 1 to the thousands, hundreds, tens and ones, which is the same as adding 1 111. Example: 3 040 with one more bead on each rod → 4 151. Watch out: do not add 1 only to the ones; every rod gets one more, including the rod that shows 0.
Ringkasan

Syabas!

10 ratus = 1 ribu

Nilai tempat ialah kedudukan digit; nilai digit ialah nilainya. Nombor boleh dicerakinkan mengikut nilai tempat atau nilai digit.

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