Unit 2
Suhu Planet
Daniel dan rakan-rakannya berbarbeku. Apabila Daniel berdiri dekat pemanggang, dia berasa sangat panas. Apabila dia berundur jauh, panasnya berkurang.
Adakah perkara yang sama berlaku pada planet? Mari kaji suhu planet!
温度 = suhu；烤炉 = pemanggang；烧烤 = berbarbeku
Daniel 烧烤时，站在烤炉旁边觉得很热，退远一点就没那么热。这一课把这个经验用到行星上：行星离太阳的远近，跟它的温度有什么关系？还会认识一颗特别热的行星。
例子：冬天围着火堆取暖，坐得越近越暖和。
注意：这一课要学会“找关系”：一样东西变了，另一样东西怎样跟着变。
temperature = suhu; grill = pemanggang; to barbecue = berbarbeku
At a barbecue, Daniel feels very hot standing beside the grill and less hot when he steps back. This lesson applies that experience to the planets: how is a planet's distance from the Sun linked to its temperature? We also meet one planet that is unusually hot.
Example: around a campfire, the closer you sit, the warmer you feel.
Watch out: the skill in this lesson is finding a relationship, meaning how one thing changes when another changes.
Sumber haba
Matahari memanaskan planet
Matahari ialah sumber haba utama Sistem Suria
Pemanggang
dekat → sangat panas
jauh → kurang panas
jauh → kurang panas
Matahari
sumber haba utama Sistem Suria
Planet
dekat Matahari → terima lebih banyak haba
热源 = sumber haba；放出 = memancarkan；接收 = menerima
太阳会放出热和光，它是太阳系所有行星最主要的热源。就像烤炉一样，离太阳越近，接收到的热越多；离得越远，接收到的热越少。
例子：站在太阳底下比站在树荫下热，因为直接晒到太阳的热。
注意：行星自己不会发热发光，它们的热主要来自太阳。
heat source = sumber haba; give off = memancarkan; receive = menerima
The Sun gives off heat and light, and it is the main source of heat for every planet in the Solar System. Like the grill, the closer something is to the Sun, the more heat it receives, and the farther away, the less heat it gets.
Example: standing in the sunshine feels hotter than standing in the shade, because the Sun's heat reaches you directly.
Watch out: planets do not make their own heat and light; their warmth comes mainly from the Sun.
Cuba
Apakah sumber haba utama dalam Sistem Suria?
主要热源 = sumber haba utama
太阳自己会发热发光，是太阳系主要的热源。木星和金星都是行星，它们的热来自太阳。
例子：白天比晚上暖，因为白天太阳照着我们。
注意：金星虽然最热，但它的热也是从太阳来的。
main heat source = sumber haba utama
The Sun produces its own heat and light, so it is the main heat source of the Solar System. Jupiter and Venus are planets, and their heat comes from the Sun.
Example: daytime is warmer than night because the Sun is shining on us.
Watch out: Venus is the hottest planet, but even its heat comes from the Sun.
Jarak dan suhu
Semakin jauh, semakin sejuk
Purata suhu permukaan planet (lebih kurang)
Semakin jauh planet dari Matahari, semakin rendah suhunya.
距离 = jarak；越……越…… = semakin… semakin…；平均 = purata
动画里，行星从近到远排好，下面写着大约的平均温度。水星约 167°C，地球约 15°C，越往外越冷，海王星约 −200°C。所以规律是：行星离太阳越远，温度越低。只有金星例外，它比水星还热。
例子：火星比地球远，所以火星比地球冷得多。
注意：零下的温度（例如 −65°C）比 0°C 还要冷。
distance = jarak; the more … the more … = semakin… semakin…; average = purata
In the animation the planets are lined up from near to far with their rough average temperatures below. Mercury is about 167°C, Earth about 15°C, and it gets colder outwards until Neptune at about −200°C. The pattern is: the farther a planet is from the Sun, the lower its temperature. Only Venus breaks the pattern, being hotter than Mercury.
Example: Mars is farther away than Earth, so Mars is much colder.
Watch out: a temperature below zero, such as −65°C, is colder than 0°C.
Cuba
Marikh lebih jauh dari Matahari berbanding Bumi. Suhu Marikh …
比较温度 = bandingkan suhu
火星在地球外面，离太阳比较远，接收到的热比较少，所以火星的温度比地球低。火星的平均温度大约 −65°C，地球大约 15°C。
例子：木星又比火星远，所以木星比火星更冷。
注意：用规律推理时，先比较谁离太阳远，再说谁比较冷。
comparing temperatures = bandingkan suhu
Mars is outside Earth's orbit, farther from the Sun, so it receives less heat and its temperature is lower than Earth's. Mars averages about −65°C while Earth averages about 15°C.
Example: Jupiter is even farther than Mars, so Jupiter is colder still.
Watch out: when reasoning with the pattern, first compare which planet is farther, then say which is colder.
Cuba
Antara Musytari dan Neptun, planet manakah lebih sejuk?
哪个比较冷 = mana lebih sejuk
海王星是第八颗，木星是第五颗，海王星离太阳远得多，所以比较冷。两颗的温度不一样，不能说相同。
例子：天王星比土星远，所以天王星比土星冷。
注意：木星虽然很大，但大小不会让它比较冷或比较热，关键是距离。
which is colder = mana lebih sejuk
Neptune is the eighth planet and Jupiter the fifth, so Neptune is much farther from the Sun and therefore colder. Their temperatures are not equal.
Example: Uranus is farther than Saturn, so Uranus is colder than Saturn.
Watch out: Jupiter is huge, but size does not make a planet colder or hotter; distance is what matters.
Zuhrah
Planet yang paling panas
Atmosfera tebal memerangkap haba
Utarid
paling dekat dengan Matahari; atmosfera sangat nipis, haba mudah hilang
Zuhrah
paling panas; atmosfera tebal memerangkap haba
Seperti kereta yang tingkapnya tertutup di bawah panas terik: haba terperangkap di dalam.
大气层 = atmosfera；困住热 = memerangkap haba；厚 = tebal；薄 = nipis
水星离太阳最近，可是最热的行星是金星。原因是金星有一层非常厚的大气层，把热困住，热散不出去。水星的大气层非常薄，热很快就散掉了。
例子：车窗关紧的汽车停在大太阳下，车里会比外面热很多，就像金星。
注意：很多人以为最近的水星最热，这是常见的错。
atmosphere = atmosfera; trap heat = memerangkap haba; thick = tebal; thin = nipis
Mercury is closest to the Sun, yet Venus is the hottest planet. The reason is that Venus has a very thick atmosphere that traps heat so it cannot escape. Mercury's atmosphere is extremely thin, so its heat escapes quickly.
Example: a car with its windows shut, parked in strong sunshine, becomes much hotter inside than outside, just like Venus.
Watch out: many people think the nearest planet, Mercury, is the hottest; that is a common mistake.
Cuba
Planet manakah yang paling panas?
最热的行星 = planet paling panas
最热的是金星，约 464°C。水星离太阳最近，但只有约 167°C；木星离得远，非常冷。
例子：金星表面的热，足以熔化一些金属。
注意：最近的不一定最热，这一题考的正是这个例外。
the hottest planet = planet paling panas
The hottest planet is Venus, at about 464°C. Mercury is nearest to the Sun but only about 167°C, and Jupiter is far away and very cold.
Example: the heat on the surface of Venus is enough to melt some metals.
Watch out: nearest does not always mean hottest, and this question checks exactly that exception.
Fikir
Mengapakah Zuhrah lebih panas daripada Utarid?
解释原因 = beri sebab
金星比水星热，是因为金星厚厚的大气层把热困住。离太阳最近的是水星，不是金星；最大的行星是木星，所以另外两个理由都不对。
例子：盖上厚被子比盖薄毯子暖，因为厚被子留住身体的热。
注意：解释时要说出“厚的大气层”和“困住热”两个重点。
giving the reason = beri sebab
Venus is hotter than Mercury because its thick atmosphere traps the heat. The planet nearest the Sun is Mercury, not Venus, and the biggest planet is Jupiter, so the other two reasons are wrong.
Example: a thick blanket keeps you warmer than a thin one because it holds in body heat.
Watch out: a full answer mentions both the thick atmosphere and the trapping of heat.
Membuat ramalan
Gunakan pola untuk meramal
Pluto lebih jauh daripada Neptun
| ahli | kedudukan | suhu |
|---|---|---|
| Uranus | ketujuh | sangat sejuk |
| Neptun | kelapan | sangat sejuk |
| Pluto (planet kerdil) | lebih jauh | ? |
Pola: semakin jauh → semakin rendah suhu. Ramalan: Pluto lebih sejuk.
预测 = ramalan；规律 = pola；矮行星 = planet kerdil
找到规律以后，就可以预测还没量过的东西。冥王星是矮行星，它比海王星离太阳更远。按照“越远越冷”的规律，我们预测冥王星的温度比海王星更低。
例子：如果知道越晚出门越塞车，就能预测下班时间路上会很塞。
注意：预测要根据规律，不是随便猜。
prediction = ramalan; pattern = pola; dwarf planet = planet kerdil
Once we find a pattern, we can predict things we have not measured. Pluto is a dwarf planet that lies even farther from the Sun than Neptune. Using the pattern that farther means colder, we predict Pluto is colder than Neptune.
Example: if traffic gets worse the later you leave, you can predict heavy jams at the end of the work day.
Watch out: a prediction must be based on a pattern, not on a random guess.
Cuba
Pluto lebih jauh dari Matahari berbanding Neptun. Ramalkan suhu Pluto.
用规律预测 = ramal dengan pola
冥王星比海王星更远，接收到的热更少，所以预测它的温度比海王星低。它不可能像金星那么热，金星有厚大气层又离太阳近得多。
例子：同样的道理，可以预测天王星比土星冷。
注意：回答预测题要说“比……低／高”，比较的对象要写清楚。
predicting with a pattern = ramal dengan pola
Pluto is farther away than Neptune and receives even less heat, so we predict its temperature is lower than Neptune's. It cannot be as hot as Venus, which has a thick atmosphere and is much nearer the Sun.
Example: by the same reasoning, we can predict that Uranus is colder than Saturn.
Watch out: in a prediction answer, say lower or higher than something and name what you compare with.
Padankan
Planet dan cirinya
行星特点配对 = padankan ciri planet
水星离太阳最近；金星最热；地球的温度不太热也不太冷，适合生物生存；海王星最远，非常冷。
例子：地球上有水、空气和合适的温度，所以有人类、动物和植物。
注意：“最近”和“最热”分别是两颗不同的行星。
matching planet features = padankan ciri planet
Mercury is closest to the Sun; Venus is the hottest; Earth is neither too hot nor too cold, so living things can survive; Neptune is the farthest and very cold.
Example: Earth has water, air and a suitable temperature, so people, animals and plants live here.
Watch out: closest and hottest describe two different planets.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
jauh → sejuk · Zuhrah paling panas
Matahari ialah sumber haba utama. Semakin jauh planet dari Matahari, semakin rendah suhunya. Zuhrah paling panas kerana atmosferanya tebal memerangkap haba.
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