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Unit 1 · Ahli Sistem Suria
Unit 1

Ahli Sistem Suria

Hana dan keluarganya menonton tayangan di Planetarium Negara. Pada skrin besar, Matahari bersinar terang dan planet-planet bergerak mengelilinginya.
Mari kenal ahli Sistem Suria!

太阳系 = Sistem Suria；国家天文馆 = Planetarium Negara Hana 和家人到国家天文馆看太空影片，银幕上太阳闪闪发亮，行星绕着它转。这一课认识太阳系里有哪些成员、八大行星的排列顺序，以及怎样用气球和立体卡做太阳系模型。 例子：我们住的地球，就是太阳系的一个成员。 注意：太阳系的马来文是 Sistem Suria，suria 就是太阳的意思。
Solar System = Sistem Suria; National Planetarium = Planetarium Negara Hana and her family watch a space show at the National Planetarium, where the Sun shines on the big screen and the planets move around it. This lesson covers the members of the Solar System, the order of the eight planets, and how to model them with balloons and pop-up cards. Example: the Earth we live on is one member of the Solar System. Watch out: the Malay word suria means sun, which is why the system is called Sistem Suria.
Ahli Sistem Suria

Siapakah ahli Sistem Suria?

Enam jenis ahli

Matahari

bintang di pusat Sistem Suria

Planet

lapan buah, beredar mengelilingi Matahari

Satelit semula jadi

beredar mengelilingi planet, contohnya Bulan

Asteroid

batuan yang beredar mengelilingi Matahari

Meteoroid

serpihan batuan yang kecil

Komet

ketulan ais dan debu yang berekor
太阳 = Matahari；行星 = planet；天然卫星 = satelit semula jadi；小行星 = asteroid；流星体 = meteoroid；彗星 = komet 太阳系有六类成员：太阳、行星、天然卫星、小行星、流星体和彗星。太阳在太阳系的中心，其他成员都绕着太阳运行。行星一共有八颗。 例子：月亮绕着地球转，它是地球的天然卫星。 注意：太阳是一颗恒星，不是行星。
Sun = Matahari; planet = planet; natural satellite = satelit semula jadi; asteroid = asteroid; meteoroid = meteoroid; comet = komet The Solar System has six kinds of members: the Sun, planets, natural satellites, asteroids, meteoroids and comets. The Sun sits at the centre, and all the other members travel around it. There are eight planets in total. Example: the Moon travels around the Earth, so it is the Earth's natural satellite. Watch out: the Sun is a star, not a planet.
Lapan planet

Urutan planet dari Matahari

Dari yang paling dekat hingga yang paling jauh

Matahari1 Utarid2 Zuhrah3 Bumi4 Marikh5 Musytari6 Zuhal7 Uranus8 Neptunjauh →

Utarid · Zuhrah · Bumi · Marikh · Musytari · Zuhal · Uranus · Neptun

水星 = Utarid；金星 = Zuhrah；地球 = Bumi；火星 = Marikh；木星 = Musytari；土星 = Zuhal；天王星 = Uranus；海王星 = Neptun 动画里，太阳在最左边，八颗行星按离太阳的远近一颗颗出现。离太阳最近的是水星，最远的是海王星，地球排第三。木星最大，土星有一圈明显的光环。 例子：火星排在地球后面，是第四颗行星。 注意：行星的大小跟顺序无关，最大的木星排第五，不是第一。
Mercury = Utarid; Venus = Zuhrah; Earth = Bumi; Mars = Marikh; Jupiter = Musytari; Saturn = Zuhal; Uranus = Uranus; Neptune = Neptun In the animation the Sun is on the far left and the eight planets appear one by one from nearest to farthest. Mercury is closest, Neptune is farthest and Earth is third. Jupiter is the biggest, and Saturn has a clear ring. Example: Mars comes right after Earth, so it is the fourth planet. Watch out: size has nothing to do with order; the giant Jupiter is fifth, not first.
Cuba

Apakah yang berada di pusat Sistem Suria?

中心 = pusat 太阳系的中心是太阳，所有行星都绕着太阳运行，所以太阳系就是以太阳命名的。木星虽然是最大的行星，但它也绕着太阳转；地球只是第三颗行星。 例子：就像旋转木马的中柱，马儿都绕着它转。 注意：古时候有人以为地球是中心，现在我们知道那是错的。
centre = pusat The centre of the Solar System is the Sun, and every planet travels around it, which is why the system is named after it. Jupiter is the largest planet, but it also circles the Sun, and Earth is only the third planet. Example: it is like the middle pole of a merry-go-round with the horses turning around it. Watch out: long ago people thought Earth was the centre; we now know that is wrong.
Susun

Susun planet dari yang paling dekat dengan Matahari

排顺序 = susun urutan 从离太阳最近排到最远：水星、金星、地球、火星、木星、土星、天王星、海王星。可以分成两组记：前四颗比较小、离太阳近；后四颗是巨大的行星，离太阳远。 例子：先找到地球放在第三，再把它前后的行星补上，就容易多了。 注意：天王星在海王星前面，两颗很容易排反。
putting in order = susun urutan From nearest to farthest: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. It helps to think of two groups: the first four are small and close to the Sun, and the last four are giant planets far away. Example: place Earth third first, then fill in the planets before and after it. Watch out: Uranus comes before Neptune, and these two are easy to swap by mistake.
Cuba

Planet manakah yang paling dekat dengan Matahari?

最近的行星 = planet paling dekat 水星是第一颗行星，离太阳最近。金星排第二，海王星离太阳最远。 例子：在动画里，第一颗出现、最靠近太阳的灰色小星球就是水星。 注意：问“最近”就找排第一的，问“最远”才找排最后的。
the nearest planet = planet paling dekat Mercury is the first planet and the closest to the Sun. Venus is second, and Neptune is the farthest of all. Example: in the animation, the small grey planet that appears first, right beside the Sun, is Mercury. Watch out: for the nearest look at the first planet; for the farthest look at the last one.
Satelit semula jadi

Bulan dan planet kerdil

Ahli yang beredar mengelilingi planet

Bulan

satelit semula jadi bagi Bumi; beredar mengelilingi Bumi

Planet lain

Marikh, Musytari dan Zuhal juga ada satelit semula jadi

Planet kerdil

lebih kecil daripada planet, contohnya Pluto
天然卫星 = satelit semula jadi；矮行星 = planet kerdil；冥王星 = Pluto 天然卫星是绕着行星转的天体。月亮是地球的天然卫星，它绕着地球转，又跟着地球一起绕太阳。火星、木星、土星也有自己的卫星。冥王星比行星小，现在被叫做矮行星。 例子：晚上看到的月亮，就是绕着地球转的天然卫星。 注意：“天然”的意思是本来就有，不是人造的；人造卫星是人类发射上去的。
natural satellite = satelit semula jadi; dwarf planet = planet kerdil; Pluto = Pluto A natural satellite is a body that travels around a planet. The Moon is the Earth's natural satellite: it circles the Earth and moves around the Sun together with it. Mars, Jupiter and Saturn have their own satellites too. Pluto is smaller than a planet and is now called a dwarf planet. Example: the Moon we see at night is the natural satellite circling the Earth. Watch out: natural means it formed on its own; man-made satellites are launched by people.
Asteroid, meteoroid, komet

Ahli lain Sistem Suria

Batuan, serpihan dan ais

Asteroid

batuan; banyak di antara Marikh dan Musytari

Meteoroid

serpihan kecil hasil perlanggaran asteroid

Komet

ais dan debu; ada ekor apabila dekat Matahari
小行星 = asteroid；流星体 = meteoroid；彗星 = komet；碰撞 = perlanggaran；尾巴 = ekor 小行星是绕太阳转的大石块，很多都在火星和木星之间。小行星互相碰撞，会撞出小碎块，这些碎块叫流星体。彗星是由冰和灰尘组成的，靠近太阳时会拖着一条长长的尾巴。 例子：碰撞就像两块饼干撞在一起，掉下来的碎屑就像流星体。 注意：流星体是小碎块，小行星是大石块，不要弄反。
asteroid = asteroid; meteoroid = meteoroid; comet = komet; collision = perlanggaran; tail = ekor Asteroids are big rocks that travel around the Sun, and many of them lie between Mars and Jupiter. When asteroids crash into each other, small pieces break off, and these pieces are meteoroids. A comet is a lump of ice and dust, and it shows a long tail when it comes near the Sun. Example: when two biscuits knock together, the crumbs that fall off are like meteoroids. Watch out: a meteoroid is a small piece while an asteroid is a large rock, so do not swap them.
Padankan

Ahli Sistem Suria

成员配对 = padankan ahli 太阳是太阳系的中心；月亮是地球的天然卫星；彗星由冰和灰尘组成，会拖尾巴；流星体是小行星碰撞后留下的碎块。 例子：如果天文图上有一颗拖着长尾巴的亮点，那很可能是彗星。 注意：先找关键词，例如“尾巴”对彗星，“碰撞”对流星体。
matching members = padankan ahli The Sun is the centre of the Solar System; the Moon is the Earth's natural satellite; a comet is made of ice and dust and has a tail; a meteoroid is a fragment left after asteroids collide. Example: a bright dot with a long tail in a sky picture is most likely a comet. Watch out: look for key words, such as tail for the comet and collision for the meteoroid.
Cuba

Bulan ialah … bagi Bumi.

月亮是什么 = Bulan ialah apa 月亮绕着地球转，所以它是地球的天然卫星。行星是直接绕太阳转的；小行星是石块，也不是绕地球转的。 例子：木星也有很多颗天然卫星绕着它转。 注意：月亮看起来很大，是因为它离我们很近，不是因为它是行星。
what the Moon is = Bulan ialah apa The Moon travels around the Earth, so it is the Earth's natural satellite. Planets travel directly around the Sun, and asteroids are rocks that do not circle the Earth. Example: Jupiter also has many natural satellites travelling around it. Watch out: the Moon looks big because it is close to us, not because it is a planet.
Model Sistem Suria

Model belon

Saiz belon mengikut saiz ahli Sistem Suria

1Tiup belon pelbagai saiz: Matahari paling besar.
2Susun belon mengikut urutan planet dari Matahari.
3Lekatkan pada kad manila dan labelkan.
4Bentangkan model kepada kelas.

Planet terbesar: Musytari · Planet terkecil: Utarid

气球模型 = model belon；大小比例 = perkadaran saiz；海报纸 = kad manila 可以用不同大小的气球做太阳系模型：太阳的气球最大；行星里木星最大，水星最小。把气球按行星顺序贴在海报纸上，写上名字，再向全班介绍。 例子：地球和金星差不多大，所以可以用两个差不多大的气球。 注意：排列气球时按离太阳的远近，不是按大小。
balloon model = model belon; size proportion = perkadaran saiz; manila card = kad manila Balloons of different sizes can model the Solar System: the Sun gets the biggest balloon, and among the planets Jupiter is largest and Mercury smallest. Stick the balloons on manila card in planet order, label them, then present the model to the class. Example: Earth and Venus are about the same size, so two similar balloons work for them. Watch out: arrange the balloons by distance from the Sun, not by size.
Cuba

Dalam model belon, belon planet yang paling besar ialah untuk …

最大的行星 = planet paling besar 八颗行星里最大的是木星，所以它的气球最大。土星第二大，也很大，但比木星小；海王星更小一些。太阳比所有行星都大得多，但太阳不是行星。 例子：木星大到可以装下一千多个地球。 注意：题目问的是“行星”的气球，所以不能选太阳。
the largest planet = planet paling besar Jupiter is the largest of the eight planets, so its balloon is the biggest. Saturn is second largest and very big too, but smaller than Jupiter, and Neptune is smaller still. The Sun is far bigger than any planet, but it is not a planet. Example: Jupiter is so big that more than a thousand Earths could fit inside it. Watch out: the question asks about a planet balloon, so the Sun is not an option.
Kad interaktif

Kad pop-up planet

Tulis fakta ringkas tentang satu planet

1Lipat kad dua dan potong dua garisan pendek.
2Tolak bahagian yang dipotong ke dalam supaya timbul.
3Tampal gambar planet pada bahagian yang timbul.
4Tulis fakta ringkas: Zuhal, planet keenam, ada gelang.
立体卡 = kad interaktif；弹出式 = pop-up；光环 = gelang 立体卡打开时，行星图片会立起来。做法：把卡对折，剪两刀，把剪开的部分往里推，让它凸起来，再把行星图片贴上，最后写几句简单的事实。 例子：土星卡可以写：第六颗行星、有一圈明显的光环、是第二大的行星。 注意：写的事实要正确，可以先对照行星的顺序再写。
interactive card = kad interaktif; pop-up = pop-up; ring = gelang When a pop-up card is opened, the planet picture stands up. To make one, fold the card in half, cut two short slits, push the cut part inwards so it pops out, stick on the planet picture and write a few short facts. Example: a Saturn card could say it is the sixth planet, has a clear ring and is the second largest planet. Watch out: the facts must be correct, so check the planet order before you write.
Cuba

Ali membuat kad pop-up tentang Zuhal. Fakta manakah yang betul?

土星的事实 = fakta Zuhal 土星最有名的特点是那一圈明显的光环。第三颗行星是地球，太阳系的中心是太阳，所以另外两句都写错了。 例子：在动画里，有一圈椭圆环套着的那颗就是土星。 注意：写卡片前先确认顺序：土星是第六颗。
facts about Saturn = fakta Zuhal Saturn is best known for its clear ring. The third planet is Earth and the centre of the Solar System is the Sun, so the other two sentences are wrong. Example: in the animation, the planet with an oval ring around it is Saturn. Watch out: before writing a card, check the order: Saturn is the sixth planet.
Ringkasan

Syabas!

Matahari di pusat · 8 planet

Ahli Sistem Suria: Matahari, planet, satelit semula jadi, asteroid, meteoroid dan komet. Urutan planet: Utarid, Zuhrah, Bumi, Marikh, Musytari, Zuhal, Uranus, Neptun.

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