Unit 2
Isi Padu dan Kotak Lohong
Pagi ini, Aina nampak bas sekolah dan van sekolah di depan pagar.
Bas boleh membawa lebih ramai murid kerana ruang di dalamnya lebih besar. Besarnya ruang itu ialah isi padu.
体积 = isi padu；空间 = ruang；校车 = bas sekolah
Aina 早上看到校门口有一辆校车和一辆校用客货车。校车能载更多学生，因为车里面的空间比较大。一个东西占了多大的空间，或一个容器里面有多大空间，就叫体积。这一课学体积的意思、单位，以及用小方块量空盒子的体积。
例子：大水桶装的水比小杯子多，因为大水桶里面的空间比较大。
注意：体积讲的是“空间有多大”，跟上一课的面积（表面有多大）不同。
volume = isi padu; space = ruang; school bus = bas sekolah
This morning Aina sees a school bus and a school van at the gate. The bus can carry more pupils because the space inside it is bigger. How much space something takes up, or how much space there is inside a container, is called volume. In this unit we learn what volume means, its units, and how to measure the volume of an empty box with small cubes.
Example: a big bucket holds more water than a small cup because the space inside it is bigger.
Watch out: volume is about how big a space is, which is different from area in the last unit, which is about how big a surface is.
Isi padu
Apakah isi padu?
Ruang yang dipenuhi pepejal, cecair atau gas
Pepejal
batu bata, buku, bola
Cecair
air, susu, jus di dalam botol
Gas
udara di dalam belon dan tayar
Semua jirim memenuhi ruang, jadi semuanya mempunyai isi padu.
固体 = pepejal；液体 = cecair；气体 = gas
体积就是固体、液体或气体所占空间的大小。砖块占了空间；瓶里的水也占了空间；气球鼓起来，是因为里面的空气占了空间。所以固体、液体、气体都有体积。
例子：把气球吹得越大，里面的空气就占越多空间，体积越大。
注意：空气看不见，但它也有体积，不是“什么都没有”。
solid = pepejal; liquid = cecair; gas = gas
Volume is how much space a solid, a liquid or a gas fills. A brick takes up space, the water in a bottle takes up space, and a balloon swells because the air inside it takes up space. So solids, liquids and gases all have volume.
Example: the bigger you blow up a balloon, the more space the air inside fills, so its volume is bigger.
Watch out: air is invisible, but it still has volume; it is not nothing.
Cuba
Benda manakah tidak mempunyai isi padu?
都有体积吗 = semua ada isi padu?
气球里的空气虽然看不见，但它把气球撑大，占了空间，所以有体积；杯子里的水也占了空间，有体积。固体、液体、气体都会占空间，所以这里没有一样是“没有体积”的。
例子：把空瓶子倒过来压进水里，水进不去，因为瓶里的空气占着位置。
注意：“看不见”不等于“没有体积”。
does everything have volume = semua ada isi padu?
The air in a balloon cannot be seen, but it stretches the balloon and takes up space, so it has volume. The water in a cup also takes up space, so it has volume too. Solids, liquids and gases all fill space, so nothing here is without volume.
Example: push an empty bottle upside down into water and the water cannot get in, because the air inside is taking up the space.
Watch out: invisible does not mean having no volume.
Unit piawai isi padu
mℓ, ℓ dan m³
Pilih unit mengikut besarnya ruang
mℓ · mililiter
susu kotak, ubat batuk, botol kecil
ℓ · liter
botol air besar, baldi, akuarium
m³ · meter padu
tangki air bangunan, bilik, lori kontena
毫升 = mililiter (mℓ)；升 = liter (ℓ)；立方米 = meter padu (m³)
体积的标准单位：小的用毫升，例如一盒牛奶、一瓶咳嗽药水；比较大的用升，例如大瓶水、水桶、鱼缸；非常大的空间用立方米，例如大楼的水箱、一间房间、货柜车的货柜。
例子：一盒学校牛奶写着 200 mℓ，一大瓶食用油写着 2 ℓ。
注意：m² 是面积单位，m³ 才是体积单位，右上角的数字不同。
millilitre = mililiter (mℓ); litre = liter (ℓ); cubic metre = meter padu (m³)
Volume has standard units. Small volumes use millilitres, such as a carton of milk or a bottle of cough syrup. Bigger volumes use litres, such as a big water bottle, a bucket or an aquarium. Very large spaces use cubic metres, such as a building's water tank, a room or a container lorry.
Example: a school milk carton says 200 mℓ and a big bottle of cooking oil says 2 ℓ.
Watch out: m² is a unit of area, while m³ is a unit of volume; the small number is different.
Cuba
Unit manakah paling sesuai untuk isi padu sebotol ubat batuk?
选择体积单位 = pilih unit isi padu
咳嗽药水只有一小瓶，用毫升最合适，医生也会说“每次吃 5 mℓ”。立方米是量大房间或大水箱的；cm² 是面积单位，不能用来量体积。
例子：一罐汽水大约三百多毫升，也用 mℓ 表示。
注意：看到右上角有小 2 的是面积单位，体积不能用。
choosing a volume unit = pilih unit isi padu
Cough syrup comes in a small bottle, so millilitres fit best; the doctor might even say take 5 mℓ each time. Cubic metres are for big rooms or big water tanks, and cm² is a unit of area, so it cannot measure volume.
Example: a can of soft drink holds a little over three hundred millilitres, also written in mℓ.
Watch out: a unit with a small 2 at the top is an area unit and cannot be used for volume.
Padankan
Unit isi padu yang sesuai
体积单位配对 = padankan unit isi padu
一小盒果汁很小，用毫升；一桶水比较多，用升；学校屋顶的大水箱非常大，用立方米。
例子：一个泳池的水量也用立方米表示。
注意：一桶水用 mℓ 写会得到很大的数字，不方便，所以用 ℓ。
matching volume units = padankan unit isi padu
A small carton of juice is tiny, so it uses millilitres. A bucket of water holds more, so it uses litres. The school's big rooftop water tank is huge, so it uses cubic metres.
Example: the water in a swimming pool is also measured in cubic metres.
Watch out: writing a bucket of water in mℓ gives a very large number, which is awkward, so we use ℓ.
Kotak lohong
Ukur dengan kubus 1 cm³
Kira kubus yang memenuhi ruang kotak
Isi padu kotak lohong = bilangan kubus 1 cm³ yang memenuhinya
空心盒子 = kotak lohong；小方块 = kubus；立方厘米 = sentimeter padu (cm³)
空心盒子就是里面空空的盒子。可以用每边 1 厘米的小方块来量它的体积，每块是 1 立方厘米。把小方块放进去直到放满，再数一共几块。动画里底层放了 6 块，上层又放了 6 块，一共 12 块，所以盒子的体积是 12 cm³。
例子：一个盒子放 2 层、每层 4 块，就是 8 块，体积 8 cm³。
注意：方块要排整齐、放满，不可以留空位。
hollow box = kotak lohong; cube = kubus; cubic centimetre = sentimeter padu (cm³)
A hollow box is a box that is empty inside. We can measure its volume with cubes that are 1 cm on each side, each one being 1 cubic centimetre. Fill the box with cubes until it is full, then count them. In the animation the bottom layer takes 6 cubes and the top layer 6 more, 12 cubes in all, so the box's volume is 12 cm³.
Example: a box that takes 2 layers of 4 cubes holds 8 cubes, so its volume is 8 cm³.
Watch out: the cubes must be packed neatly with no empty spaces left.
Isi kotak dengan kubus
Pilih kotak. Tekan +1 kubus atau +1 lapisan sehingga penuh.
加一块 = +1 kubus；加一层 = +1 lapisan；清空 = kosongkan
实验台有三个空心盒子：A、B、C。选一个盒子，按 +1 kubus 一块一块放，或按 +1 lapisan 一次放满一层。盒子满了，画面会写 Penuh，并告诉你体积是多少立方厘米。三个盒子都要试，比较哪一个最大。
例子：盒子 A 只有一层，放满一层就满了。
注意：一层有几块，乘上有几层，就是全部的块数。
add one cube = +1 kubus; add one layer = +1 lapisan; empty = kosongkan
The lab has three hollow boxes: A, B and C. Choose a box and press +1 kubus to add cubes one at a time, or +1 lapisan to fill a whole layer at once. When the box is full the screen says Penuh and tells you its volume in cubic centimetres. Try all three boxes and compare which is biggest.
Example: box A has only one layer, so filling one layer fills it.
Watch out: the cubes in one layer times the number of layers gives the total number of cubes.
Semak makmal
Kotak manakah mempunyai isi padu paling besar?
比较体积 = banding isi padu
在实验台里，盒子 A 放满要 6 块，B 要 8 块，C 要 12 块。需要越多方块才能填满，里面的空间就越大，所以 C 的体积最大，是 12 cm³。
例子：一个盒子要 20 块才满，另一个要 15 块，前者体积比较大。
注意：比较体积要比方块的数目，不是比盒子看起来有多高。
comparing volumes = banding isi padu
In the lab, box A needs 6 cubes to fill, box B needs 8 and box C needs 12. The more cubes a box needs, the more space it has inside, so box C has the biggest volume, 12 cm³.
Example: if one box needs 20 cubes and another needs 15, the first one has the bigger volume.
Watch out: compare the number of cubes, not how tall the box looks.
Cuba
Kotak ini dipenuhi kubus 1 cm³: 2 lapisan, setiap lapisan 8 kubus. Berapakah isi padunya?
两层的盒子 = kotak dua lapisan
每一层有 8 块，一共 2 层，8 + 8 = 16 块，所以体积是 16 cm³。只写 8 cm³ 是只算了一层；写 16 cm² 数字对了，可是单位错了，cm² 是面积单位。
例子：3 层、每层 4 块，就是 12 cm³。
注意：答案要写体积单位 cm³（立方厘米）。
a box with two layers = kotak dua lapisan
Each layer has 8 cubes and there are 2 layers, 8 + 8 = 16 cubes, so the volume is 16 cm³. Writing 8 cm³ counts only one layer, and writing 16 cm² has the right number but the wrong unit, because cm² is for area.
Example: 3 layers of 4 cubes make 12 cm³.
Watch out: the answer needs the volume unit cm³.
Fikir
Hana mengira kubus yang nampak sahaja pada gambar kotak penuh. Mengapakah jawapannya salah?
看不到的方块 = kubus tersembunyi
图里只看得到前面、上面和右边的方块，后面和下面还有很多方块被挡住了。只数看得到的方块，答案一定太少。正确做法是：数一层有几块，再看有几层。所有方块都一样大。
例子：一盒放满的方糖，从外面只看得到表面那些，里面还有更多。
注意：用“一层几块 × 几层”就不会漏数。
hidden cubes = kubus tersembunyi
In a picture you see only the cubes at the front, the top and the right side; many more are hidden behind and underneath. Counting only the visible ones always gives too small an answer. The right way is to count the cubes in one layer and then the number of layers. All the cubes are the same size.
Example: in a full box of sugar cubes you see only the outside ones, but there are more inside.
Watch out: use cubes in a layer times number of layers so none are missed.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
Isi padu: mℓ · ℓ · m³ · cm³
Isi padu ialah besarnya ruang yang dipenuhi pepejal, cecair atau gas. Isi padu kotak lohong = bilangan kubus 1 cm³ yang memenuhinya.
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