Unit 3
Perubahan Tabiat Pemakanan Haiwan
Kelas 3 Dedikasi menonton dokumentari tentang beruang kutub. Beruang ini hidup di kawasan yang penuh salji dan ais.
Apakah yang dimakannya di tempat yang hampir tiada tumbuhan? Mari belajar tentang perubahan tabiat pemakanan haiwan dan ulang kaji topik Haiwan.
北极熊 = beruang kutub；改变 = perubahan；冰雪 = salji dan ais
三年级 Dedikasi 班在看北极熊的纪录片。北极熊住在到处是冰和雪的地方，几乎找不到植物。那它吃什么呢？这一课学习动物的饮食习性为什么会改变，最后复习“动物”整个单元。
例子：纪录片里，北极熊在冰洞旁边等海豹浮上来换气。
注意：饮食习性改变通常是因为环境改变，食物来源不同了。
polar bear = beruang kutub; change = perubahan; snow and ice = salji dan ais
Class 3 Dedikasi is watching a documentary about polar bears, which live where there is snow and ice everywhere and almost no plants. So what do they eat? In this lesson we learn why an animal's eating habits can change, and then revise the whole Animals topic.
Example: in the documentary a polar bear waits beside a hole in the ice for a seal to come up for air.
Watch out: eating habits usually change because the surroundings change and the food supply is different.
Perubahan tabiat pemakanan
Beruang kutub
Dari omnivor kepada karnivor
环境改变 = persekitaran berubah；海豹 = anjing laut；北极地区 = kawasan kutub
大多数熊是杂食动物，森林里的熊吃浆果、蜂蜜，也抓鱼。北极熊住在非常冷的北极地区，那里几乎长不出植物。为了活下去，北极熊主要吃海豹和鱼，饮食习性变成了肉食。动画左边是森林的熊，右边是北极熊。
例子：住在不同地方的同一类动物，可能因为找得到的食物不同而吃不一样的东西。
注意：北极熊变成吃肉，不是因为它“喜欢”肉，而是那里没有植物可吃。
surroundings change = persekitaran berubah; seal = anjing laut; polar region = kawasan kutub
Most bears are omnivores; a forest bear eats berries and honey and also catches fish. The polar bear lives in the freezing polar region, where almost no plants can grow. To survive, it eats mainly seals and fish, so its eating habit has become carnivorous. The animation shows a forest bear on the left and a polar bear on the right.
Example: the same kind of animal living in different places may eat different things because different food is available.
Watch out: the polar bear eats meat not because it likes meat better, but because there are no plants to eat there.
Cuba
Mengapakah beruang kutub makan haiwan lain sahaja?
北极熊为什么只吃肉 = mengapa beruang kutub makan daging
北极到处是冰雪，非常冷，几乎没有植物生长，北极熊找不到植物来吃，只好吃海豹和鱼。原因是环境，不是口味，也不是牙齿掉了。
例子：如果把一只北极熊放进有很多浆果的森林，它也可能会吃浆果。
注意：回答“为什么”时，要说出环境里缺少了什么。
why the polar bear eats only meat = mengapa beruang kutub makan daging
The polar region is icy, snowy and very cold, so almost no plants grow there. The polar bear cannot find plants to eat and must eat seals and fish. The reason is its surroundings, not its taste and not missing teeth.
Example: a polar bear placed in a forest full of berries might well eat berries too.
Watch out: when answering why, say what is missing from the surroundings.
Cuba
Beruang di hutan ialah omnivor. Di kawasan kutub, beruang kutub menjadi …
北极熊属于哪一类 = beruang kutub menjadi
北极熊只吃海豹、鱼这些动物，不吃植物，所以它变成肉食动物。如果它还吃植物，才会是杂食；它完全不吃植物，所以更不是草食。
例子：住在森林、吃浆果又吃鱼的棕熊，仍然是杂食动物。
注意：题目问的是“在北极地区”时的习性。
what the polar bear becomes = beruang kutub menjadi
The polar bear eats only animals such as seals and fish and no plants, so it becomes a carnivore. It would be an omnivore only if it still ate plants, and it certainly is not a herbivore.
Example: a brown bear living in a forest and eating berries and fish is still an omnivore.
Watch out: the question asks about its habit in the polar region.
Fikir
Apabila makanan berkurangan
Haiwan menyesuaikan diri
Punca
hutan ditebang · kemarau · musim sejuk · banjir
Makanan berkurang
haiwan sukar mendapat makanan biasa
Haiwan menyesuaikan diri
makan makanan lain atau berpindah ke tempat lain
Hutan di tepi kampung Pak Abu ditebang. Kini monyet datang ke kebunnya untuk makan pisang.
适应 = menyesuaikan diri；搬迁 = berpindah；砍伐森林 = hutan ditebang
当平常吃的食物变少，动物要想办法适应：有的改吃别的食物，有的搬到别的地方去找食物。原因可能是森林被砍、旱灾、冬天或水灾。例如 Pak Abu 村子旁的森林被砍掉以后，猴子就跑到他的果园偷吃香蕉。
例子：冬天湖面结冰，有些鸟会飞到温暖的地方过冬，那里比较容易找到食物。
注意：动物这样做是为了生存，不是故意捣乱。
adapt = menyesuaikan diri; move away = berpindah; forest cut down = hutan ditebang
When an animal's usual food runs short, it must adapt: some animals switch to other food, and some move elsewhere to find food. The causes can be logging, drought, winter or floods. For example, after the forest beside Pak Abu's village was cut down, monkeys came to his orchard to eat his bananas.
Example: when lakes freeze in winter, some birds fly to warmer places where food is easier to find.
Watch out: animals do this to survive, not to make trouble on purpose.
KBAT
Musim kemarau menyebabkan sungai kering dan ikan mati. Apakah yang mungkin dilakukan oleh burung bangau yang makan ikan?
食物减少时 = apabila makanan berkurang
河干了、鱼死了，白鹭找不到鱼吃，最可能飞到还有水、有鱼的另一条河，这就是“搬到别处找食物”。一直睡觉会饿坏；石头不是食物，不能吃。
例子：旱季时，很多水鸟会集中到还有水的稻田和池塘。
注意：做这种推理题，要选“能帮动物找到食物、活下去”的做法。
when food runs short = apabila makanan berkurang
With the river dry and the fish dead, the egret has no fish to eat, so it is most likely to fly to another river that still has water and fish; it moves elsewhere to find food. Sleeping all season would leave it starving, and stones are not food.
Example: in the dry season many water birds gather at paddy fields and ponds that still hold water.
Watch out: in this kind of reasoning question, choose the action that helps the animal find food and survive.
Permainan
Siapakah saya?
Teka haiwan daripada petunjuk
1Baca petunjuk tentang makanan haiwan.
2Baca petunjuk tentang gigi atau mulut haiwan.
3Tentukan kumpulannya: herbivor, karnivor atau omnivor.
4Teka nama haiwan itu.
Contoh: “Saya makan daun dan rumput. Saya ada belalai.” → gajah
我是谁 = Siapakah saya；线索 = petunjuk；猜 = teka
这是一个猜动物的游戏。先读关于食物的线索，再读关于牙齿或嘴巴的线索，判断它是草食、肉食还是杂食，最后猜出它的名字。
例子：“我吃叶子和草，我有长鼻子。”——先知道是草食，再从长鼻子猜出是大象。
注意：一个线索可能有很多答案，要把所有线索合起来想。
who am I = Siapakah saya; clue = petunjuk; guess = teka
This is an animal guessing game. Read the clue about food, then the clue about teeth or mouth, decide whether the animal is a herbivore, carnivore or omnivore, and finally guess its name.
Example: I eat leaves and grass, and I have a trunk. First we know it is a herbivore, then the trunk tells us it is an elephant.
Watch out: one clue may fit many animals, so put all the clues together.
Siapakah saya?
“Saya makan rumput. Gigi geraham saya lebar dan rata. Petani memerah susu saya.” Siapakah saya?
猜谜一 = teka-teki satu
吃草、臼齿宽平，说明是草食动物；农夫挤它的奶，就是牛。老虎吃肉、有长犬齿；鸡没有牙齿，也不产奶。
例子：山羊也吃草、也能挤奶，但三个选项里只有牛符合。
注意：每一句线索都要对得上，才是正确答案。
riddle one = teka-teki satu
Eating grass and having wide, flat molars point to a herbivore, and a farmer milking it means it is a cow. A tiger eats meat and has long canines, and a chicken has no teeth and gives no milk.
Example: a goat also eats grass and can be milked, but among these choices only the cow fits.
Watch out: every clue must fit before an answer is right.
Siapakah saya?
“Saya tidak bergigi. Saya mematuk bijirin dan cacing. Saya bertelur.” Siapakah saya?
猜谜二 = teka-teki dua
没有牙齿、用嘴啄谷物和蚯蚓、会下蛋，这是鸡，是杂食动物。兔子有门牙，只吃植物；狮子有尖犬齿，只吃肉，两者都不下蛋。
例子：“啄”这个动作只有鸟类会做。
注意：没有牙齿的动物也可以是杂食。
riddle two = teka-teki dua
No teeth, pecking grain and earthworms, and laying eggs: this is a chicken, an omnivore. A rabbit has incisors and eats only plants, and a lion has sharp canines and eats only meat; neither lays eggs.
Example: pecking is something only birds do.
Watch out: an animal with no teeth can still be an omnivore.
Siapakah saya?
“Saya tinggal di sungai. Saya makan ikan dan haiwan lain sahaja. Gigi saya banyak dan tajam.” Siapakah saya?
猜谜三 = teka-teki tiga
住在河里、只吃鱼和其他动物、牙齿又多又尖，这是鳄鱼，是肉食动物。山羊吃草，住在陆地；猴子是杂食，住在树上。
例子：沙巴京那巴当岸河一带常常可以看到鳄鱼。
注意：“sahaja”说明只吃动物，所以是肉食，不是杂食。
riddle three = teka-teki tiga
Living in a river, eating only fish and other animals, with many sharp teeth: this is a crocodile, a carnivore. A goat eats grass and lives on land, and a monkey is an omnivore living in trees.
Example: crocodiles are often seen along the Kinabatangan River in Sabah.
Watch out: sahaja shows it eats only animals, so it is a carnivore, not an omnivore.
Santai Sains
Topeng gigi haiwan
Kraf rahang pada tangan
1Pilih haiwan: herbivor, karnivor atau omnivor.
2Lukis rahang atas dan bawah pada kad manila.
3Lukis gigi yang sepadan: taring panjang untuk karnivor, geraham rata untuk herbivor.
4Warnakan dengan warna air dan gunting.
5Lekatkan pada tangan, buka dan tutup seperti mulut haiwan.
牙齿面具 = topeng gigi；马尼拉卡 = kad manila；水彩 = warna air
这是一个科学手工：用马尼拉卡做动物牙齿面具。先选一种动物，在卡上画上下颚和牙齿，牙齿要跟它的类别相配：肉食动物画长犬齿，草食动物画平平的臼齿。涂上水彩、剪下来，套在手上一开一合，就像动物在吃东西。
例子：做老虎的面具，要画两对又长又尖的犬齿。
注意：画牙齿前先想清楚这只动物吃什么。
teeth mask = topeng gigi; manila card = kad manila; watercolour = warna air
This is a science craft: making an animal teeth mask from manila card. Choose an animal, draw its upper and lower jaws and teeth on the card, and make the teeth suit its group: long canines for a carnivore, flat molars for a herbivore. Paint it with watercolour, cut it out and wear it on your hand, opening and closing it like an animal eating.
Example: for a tiger mask, draw two pairs of long, pointed canines.
Watch out: think about what the animal eats before you draw its teeth.
Santai Sains
Sofia membuat topeng gigi singa. Gigi manakah perlu dilukis paling panjang dan tajam?
狮子面具 = topeng singa
狮子是肉食动物，最显眼的是又长又尖的犬齿，用来撕开猎物的肉，所以面具上要把犬齿画得最长最尖。臼齿在后面；门牙小小地排在前面。
例子：做山羊面具就相反，要画宽平的臼齿，而且不画犬齿。
注意：手工也要画得合乎科学，才能表现动物真正的牙齿。
a lion mask = topeng singa
A lion is a carnivore, and its most striking teeth are its long, sharp canines for tearing meat from prey, so on the mask the canines should be drawn longest and sharpest. Molars sit at the back, and the small incisors line the front.
Example: a goat mask is the opposite: draw wide, flat molars and no canines.
Watch out: even a craft should be scientifically correct so it shows the animal's real teeth.
Ingat semula
Topik Haiwan
Ringkasan
Herbivor
tumbuhan sahaja · kacip tajam, geraham rata, tiada taring
Karnivor
haiwan lain sahaja · taring panjang dan tajam
Omnivor
tumbuhan dan haiwan · kacip, taring dan geraham
Perubahan
beruang kutub: omnivor → karnivor kerana tiada tumbuhan
复习动物单元 = ingat semula topik Haiwan
动物按食物分成草食、肉食、杂食三类。草食动物门牙利、臼齿平、没有犬齿；肉食动物犬齿又长又尖；杂食动物三种牙齿都有。环境改变时，动物的饮食习性也可能改变，例如北极熊因为没有植物而成为肉食。
例子：用“吃什么 → 什么牙 → 哪一类”三步，就能整理任何一种动物。
注意：没有牙齿的鸟类，要靠食物来分类。
revising the Animals topic = ingat semula topik Haiwan
Animals are sorted into herbivores, carnivores and omnivores by their food. Herbivores have sharp incisors, flat molars and no canines; carnivores have long, sharp canines; omnivores have all three types. When surroundings change, eating habits can change too, as with the polar bear, which became a carnivore because there are no plants.
Example: the three steps what it eats, what teeth it has and which group it is in can organise any animal.
Watch out: toothless birds must be classified by their food.
Mari jawab
Haiwan dan kumpulannya
动物与类别 = haiwan dan kumpulan
蚱蜢吃叶子，只吃植物，是草食。鲨鱼吃其他鱼，只吃动物，是肉食。鸭子吃稻谷，也吃田螺，两种都吃，是杂食。括号里的食物就是线索。
例子：毛毛虫也只吃叶子，是草食动物。
注意：昆虫也可以是草食动物，不只有大型哺乳动物才分类。
animals and their groups = haiwan dan kumpulan
A grasshopper eats leaves, plants only, so it is a herbivore. A shark eats other fish, animals only, so it is a carnivore. A duck eats rice grains and snails, both kinds, so it is an omnivore. The food in brackets is your clue.
Example: a caterpillar also eats only leaves, so it is a herbivore.
Watch out: insects can be herbivores too; classification is not only for big mammals.
Mari jawab
Sebuah tengkorak mempunyai geraham lebar dan rata tetapi tiada taring. Tengkorak ini milik …
看头骨认动物 = kenal tengkorak
宽平的臼齿、没有犬齿，是草食动物的特征。马是草食动物，整天嚼草。狮子和鳄鱼都是肉食动物，有尖尖的牙齿，用来咬住、撕开猎物。
例子：鹿、羊、牛的头骨也有这种宽平的臼齿。
注意：“没有犬齿”是这一题最重要的线索。
identifying a skull = kenal tengkorak
Wide, flat molars and no canines are signs of a herbivore. A horse is a herbivore that chews grass all day. Lions and crocodiles are carnivores with pointed teeth for gripping and tearing prey.
Example: the skulls of deer, goats and cows have the same wide, flat molars.
Watch out: having no canines is the most important clue in this question.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
persekitaran berubah → tabiat pemakanan berubah
Beruang kutub menjadi karnivor kerana hampir tiada tumbuhan di kawasan kutub. Apabila makanan berkurang, haiwan mencari makanan lain atau berpindah. Herbivor, karnivor dan omnivor mempunyai kegigian yang sepadan dengan makanannya.
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