Unit 3
Kelas Makanan dan Kepentingannya
Hari Sabtu, keluarga Mei Ling makan tengah hari di gerai nasi campur. Ada nasi, ikan, sayur, telur dan buah.
Setiap makanan termasuk dalam kelas makanan tertentu. Mari kenal tujuh kelas makanan dan kepentingannya!
食物类别 = kelas makanan；重要性 = kepentingan
这一课认识七类食物，并且知道每一类对身体有什么用。Mei Ling 一家在杂饭摊吃午餐，桌上有饭、鱼、青菜、蛋和水果，这些食物分别属于不同的类别。
例子：一碗饭主要属于碳水化合物，一个鸡蛋主要属于蛋白质。
注意：一种食物常常含有好几类营养，我们说的是它“主要”属于哪一类。
food class = kelas makanan; importance = kepentingan
In this lesson we meet the seven classes of food and learn how each class helps the body. Mei Ling's family is having lunch at a mixed-rice stall with rice, fish, vegetables, eggs and fruit, and each of these belongs to a different class.
Example: a bowl of rice is mainly carbohydrate, while an egg is mainly protein.
Watch out: one food often contains several kinds of nutrients; we name the class it is richest in.
Kelas makanan
Tujuh kelas makanan
Makanan dikelaskan mengikut kandungannya
1 · Karbohidrat
nasi, roti, mi, ubi kentang
2 · Protein
ikan, ayam, telur, kacang
3 · Lemak
mentega, minyak masak, santan
4 · Vitamin
buah oren, betik, lobak merah
5 · Mineral
susu, ikan bilis, sayur hijau
6 · Pelawas
sayur, buah, beras perang
7 · Air
air kosong, air dalam buah tembikai
碳水化合物 = karbohidrat；蛋白质 = protein；脂肪 = lemak；维生素 = vitamin；矿物质 = mineral；纤维 = pelawas；水 = air
食物一共分成七类。分类的方法是看那种食物里面含量最多的是什么。卡片上列出每一类常见的食物，饭、面包、面条、马铃薯都是碳水化合物；鱼、鸡、蛋、豆是蛋白质。
例子：牛油和椰浆含很多脂肪，所以归在脂肪类。
注意：pelawas 就是纤维，主要来自蔬菜、水果和糙米，不是来自肉类。
carbohydrate = karbohidrat; protein = protein; fat = lemak; vitamin = vitamin; mineral = mineral; fibre = pelawas; water = air
Food is sorted into seven classes. We decide the class by what a food contains the most of. The cards list common foods for each class: rice, bread, noodles and potatoes are carbohydrates, while fish, chicken, eggs and beans are proteins.
Example: butter and coconut milk are full of fat, so they go into the fat class.
Watch out: pelawas means fibre, and it comes mainly from vegetables, fruit and brown rice, not from meat.
Cuba
Ikan, telur dan kacang kaya dengan …
蛋白质食物 = makanan protein
鱼、鸡蛋和豆类都含有很多蛋白质。蛋白质是身体长高、长壮需要的材料。碳水化合物主要来自饭和面包；纤维主要来自蔬菜和水果。
例子：豆腐是用黄豆做的，也是很好的蛋白质来源。
注意：豆类虽然是植物，但它含的蛋白质很多，不要只想到纤维。
protein foods = makanan protein
Fish, eggs and beans all contain a lot of protein, the building material the body uses to grow. Carbohydrates come mainly from rice and bread, and fibre comes mainly from vegetables and fruit.
Example: tofu is made from soya beans, so it is also a good source of protein.
Watch out: beans are plants, but they are rich in protein, so do not think only of fibre.
Padankan
Makanan dan kelasnya
配对食物与类别 = padankan makanan dan kelas
面包用面粉做，面粉主要是碳水化合物。牛油几乎全是脂肪。橙子含很多维生素 C。江鱼仔连骨头一起吃，含有钙质，钙是一种矿物质。
例子：一杯牛奶也含很多钙，所以牛奶也常被列为矿物质的来源。
注意：江鱼仔是鱼，也有蛋白质；但这里配对的是它特别多的钙质。
matching foods to classes = padankan makanan dan kelas
Bread is made from flour, which is mostly carbohydrate. Butter is almost all fat. Oranges have plenty of vitamin C. Anchovies are eaten with their bones, so they give us calcium, which is a mineral.
Example: a glass of milk is also high in calcium, so milk is often listed as a mineral source.
Watch out: anchovies are fish and do have protein, but in this match we use their large amount of calcium.
Satu hidangan
Satu pinggan, banyak kelas
Lihat pinggan nasi campur Mei Ling
Hidangan yang baik mengandungi semua kelas makanan.
一盘多类 = satu hidangan, banyak kelas
动画里 Mei Ling 的杂饭：饭提供碳水化合物；炸鱼提供蛋白质，炸鱼用的油又带来脂肪；青菜提供维生素、矿物质和纤维；再加一杯水。一盘饭就把七类食物都吃到了。
例子：一碗鸡肉粥里有米（碳水化合物）、鸡肉（蛋白质）和葱（维生素）。
注意：一道菜不等于一类食物，要把菜里的材料一样一样拆开来看。
one meal, many classes = satu hidangan, banyak kelas
In the animation, Mei Ling's plate of mixed rice gives carbohydrate from the rice, protein from the fried fish plus fat from the frying oil, and vitamins, minerals and fibre from the vegetables. With a glass of water, one plate covers all seven classes.
Example: a bowl of chicken porridge has rice for carbohydrate, chicken for protein and spring onion for vitamins.
Watch out: one dish is not one class; break the dish into its ingredients and look at each of them.
Cuba
Makanan manakah paling banyak pelawas?
纤维多的食物 = makanan kaya pelawas
纤维来自植物，菠菜这类绿叶菜纤维很多。水煮蛋主要是蛋白质；鲜奶主要提供蛋白质和钙质，几乎没有纤维。
例子：番石榴、苹果连皮吃也有很多纤维。
注意：动物来的食物，如蛋、奶、肉，纤维都很少。
fibre-rich food = makanan kaya pelawas
Fibre comes from plants, and leafy greens such as spinach are full of it. A boiled egg is mainly protein, and fresh milk gives protein and calcium but almost no fibre.
Example: guava and apples eaten with their skin are also high in fibre.
Watch out: foods from animals, such as eggs, milk and meat, contain very little fibre.
Pentingnya makanan
Tenaga dan tumbesaran
Karbohidrat, lemak dan protein
Karbohidrat
memberi tenaga untuk bergerak, bermain dan belajar
Lemak
memberi tenaga dan memanaskan badan
Protein
untuk tumbesaran badan, otot dan rambut
Pagi ini Arif tidak bersarapan. Pada pukul 10, dia berasa lemah dan tidak bertenaga. Badannya memerlukan karbohidrat.
能量 = tenaga；成长 = tumbesaran；保暖 = memanaskan badan
碳水化合物给身体能量，让我们能跑、能玩、能专心上课。脂肪也给能量，还能让身体保暖。蛋白质是成长需要的材料，让身体、肌肉和头发长大长好。
例子：Arif 没吃早餐，十点就没力气，因为身体缺少碳水化合物提供的能量。
注意：给能量的有两类（碳水化合物和脂肪），但帮助成长的是蛋白质。
energy = tenaga; growth = tumbesaran; keep the body warm = memanaskan badan
Carbohydrates give the body energy to run, play and focus in class. Fats give energy too and help keep the body warm. Proteins are the building material for growth of the body, muscles and hair.
Example: Arif skipped breakfast and felt weak by ten o'clock, because his body was short of energy from carbohydrates.
Watch out: two classes give energy, carbohydrate and fat, but it is protein that helps us grow.
Pentingnya makanan
Sihat, lancar dan sejuk
Vitamin, mineral, pelawas dan air
Vitamin
menjaga kesihatan badan, mata dan kulit
Mineral
menjaga kesihatan, menguatkan tulang dan gigi
Pelawas
mencegah sembelit, membantu kita membuang air besar
Air
mengawal suhu badan, menggantikan peluh
保持健康 = menjaga kesihatan；预防便秘 = mencegah sembelit；调节体温 = mengawal suhu badan
维生素和矿物质帮助身体保持健康，钙这类矿物质让骨头和牙齿坚固。纤维让大便顺畅，预防便秘。水帮身体调节温度，运动流汗后要喝水补回来。
例子：踢完足球满身大汗，喝几杯白开水可以帮身体降温。
注意：纤维管便秘，水管体温，这两样最容易记反。
keep healthy = menjaga kesihatan; prevent constipation = mencegah sembelit; control body temperature = mengawal suhu badan
Vitamins and minerals keep the body healthy, and minerals such as calcium make bones and teeth strong. Fibre keeps our bowel movements smooth and prevents constipation. Water controls body temperature, so we drink to replace the sweat lost after exercise.
Example: after a sweaty football game, a few glasses of plain water help the body cool down.
Watch out: fibre is for constipation and water is for body temperature; these two are the easiest to mix up.
Padankan
Kelas makanan dan kepentingannya
配对功用 = padankan kepentingan
碳水化合物配“给能量”；蛋白质配“成长”；纤维配“预防便秘”；水配“调节体温”。先把最有把握的两对配好，剩下的就容易了。
例子：饭和面包让你有力气跑步，所以碳水化合物配给能量。
注意：脂肪也给能量，但这一题没有脂肪，不要被弄乱。
matching importance = padankan kepentingan
Carbohydrate goes with giving energy, protein with growth, fibre with preventing constipation and water with controlling body temperature. Match the two you are surest of first, and the rest become easier.
Example: rice and bread give you the strength to run, so carbohydrate matches giving energy.
Watch out: fat gives energy too, but fat is not in this set, so do not let that confuse you.
Situasi
Sudah dua hari Danial susah membuang air besar. Apakah yang patut dia makan lebih banyak?
便秘时吃什么 = makan apa ketika sembelit
Danial 两天大不出便，这是便秘。纤维可以预防便秘，而水果和蔬菜纤维最多，还要多喝水。炸鸡是蛋白质和脂肪；面包加牛油是碳水化合物和脂肪，纤维都很少。
例子：早餐多加一根香蕉、午餐多吃一碟青菜，对排便有帮助。
注意：多吃肉不能解决便秘，反而可能更严重。
what to eat when constipated = makan apa ketika sembelit
Danial has had trouble passing stools for two days, which is constipation. Fibre prevents constipation, and fruit and vegetables are the richest in fibre; drinking more water helps too. Fried chicken is protein and fat, and bread with butter is carbohydrate and fat, both low in fibre.
Example: adding a banana at breakfast and a plate of greens at lunch helps the bowels move.
Watch out: eating more meat does not cure constipation and may make it worse.
Situasi
Kaki Kumar patah. Doktor menyuruhnya minum susu setiap hari. Mengapa?
牛奶与骨头 = susu dan tulang
Kumar 的腿骨断了。牛奶含有很多钙，钙是矿物质，可以让骨头坚固，帮助骨头复原。牛奶几乎没有纤维；让身体保暖的是脂肪，不是牛奶最主要的作用。
例子：奶酪、豆腐和江鱼仔也含钙，对骨头和牙齿好。
注意：牛奶也有蛋白质，但医生在这里看重的是钙这种矿物质。
milk and bones = susu dan tulang
Kumar has a broken leg. Milk has plenty of calcium, a mineral that makes bones strong and helps them heal. Milk has almost no fibre, and keeping the body warm is the job of fat, not the main reason to drink milk.
Example: cheese, tofu and anchovies also contain calcium, which is good for bones and teeth.
Watch out: milk has protein too, but the doctor here is thinking of calcium, a mineral.
Makanan untuk pesakit
Bubur untuk nenek
Setiap bahan ada kepentingannya
beras
karbohidrat → tenaga
ayam
protein → membina dan memulihkan badan
lobak merah
vitamin → menjaga kesihatan mata
sayur
mineral dan pelawas → sihat, tidak sembelit
Bubur lembut dan mudah ditelan oleh orang yang sakit.
病人的食物 = makanan untuk pesakit
Siti 的奶奶刚出院，妈妈煮了鸡肉蔬菜粥。米给能量；鸡肉的蛋白质帮助身体修补、复原；红萝卜的维生素保护眼睛；青菜给矿物质和纤维。粥软软的，生病的人容易吞。
例子：感冒没胃口时，一碗鱼片粥也有碳水化合物和蛋白质。
注意：只喝白粥只有碳水化合物，加上肉和菜营养才完整。
food for a patient = makanan untuk pesakit
Siti's grandmother has just left hospital, so Mother cooks rice porridge with chicken and vegetables. The rice gives energy, the protein in chicken helps the body repair and recover, the vitamins in carrots protect the eyes, and the greens add minerals and fibre. Porridge is soft and easy for a sick person to swallow.
Example: when you have a cold and little appetite, a bowl of fish porridge still gives carbohydrate and protein.
Watch out: plain porridge alone is only carbohydrate; adding meat and vegetables makes it complete.
Bina ayat
Susun kad menjadi ayat yang betul tentang protein.
造句 = bina ayat；需要 = diperlukan
把卡片排成一句正确的话：Protein diperlukan untuk tumbesaran badan（身体成长需要蛋白质）。先放食物类别的名字，再说它的作用。
例子：同样的句型可以说 Karbohidrat diperlukan untuk memberi tenaga。
注意：不要把 tumbesaran 放在句子最前面，句子要从主语 Protein 开始。
building a sentence = bina ayat; needed = diperlukan
Arrange the cards into the correct sentence: Protein diperlukan untuk tumbesaran badan, meaning protein is needed for the body's growth. Put the name of the food class first, then what it does.
Example: the same pattern gives Karbohidrat diperlukan untuk memberi tenaga.
Watch out: do not start with tumbesaran; the sentence should begin with its subject, Protein.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
7 kelas makanan
Karbohidrat dan lemak memberi tenaga. Protein untuk tumbesaran. Vitamin dan mineral menjaga kesihatan. Pelawas mencegah sembelit. Air mengawal suhu badan.
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