Unit 1

Peraturan Bilik Sains

Bilik sains ada bikar, tabung uji dan bahan sains. Banyak alat diperbuat daripada kaca yang mudah pecah.
Kita mesti berdisiplin dan berhati-hati. Mari belajar peraturan bilik sains!

科学室 = bilik sains；守纪律 = berdisiplin；小心 = berhati-hati 科学室里有烧杯、试管和各种实验材料，很多器材是玻璃做的，一碰就碎。所以在科学室要守纪律、要小心，遵守规则。这一课学科学室的规则，以及每一条规则背后的原因。例子：在操场可以跑跳，但在放满玻璃器材的科学室里跑，很容易撞倒东西。注意：规则不是为了罚人，而是为了保护自己、同学和器材。

science room = bilik sains; disciplined = berdisiplin; careful = berhati-hati The science room holds beakers, test tubes and many materials, and much of the equipment is made of glass that breaks at a touch. So we must be disciplined, careful and follow the rules. This unit covers the science room rules and the reason behind each one. Example: running is fine on the field, but running in a room full of glassware can easily knock things over. Watch out: rules are not there to punish anyone; they protect you, your friends and the equipment.

Pengenalan

Mengapa perlu berhati-hati?

Kaca mudah pecah

Kecederaan

serpihan kaca boleh melukakan

Kerosakan

alat pecah tidak boleh digunakan lagi

受伤 = kecederaan；损坏 = kerosakan；玻璃碎片 = serpihan kaca 动画里烧杯从桌边掉下来摔碎了。锋利的玻璃碎片会割伤手脚，这是“受伤”；打破的器材不能再用，学校要花钱买新的，这是“损坏”。所以在科学室动作要慢、要小心。例子：把烧杯放在桌子中间，而不是桌边，就不容易被碰倒。注意：玻璃破了不要自己捡，要马上告诉老师。

injury = kecederaan; damage = kerosakan; glass shard = serpihan kaca In the animation a beaker slides off the table edge and shatters. Sharp shards can cut hands and feet, which is injury; broken equipment cannot be used again and the school must buy more, which is damage. That is why we move slowly and carefully in the science room. Example: placing a beaker in the middle of the table rather than at the edge makes it harder to knock over. Watch out: do not pick up broken glass yourself; tell the teacher immediately.

Sebelum aktiviti

Bersedia sebelum mula

Kebenaran · pintu dan tingkap · kasut

Kebenaran guru

masuk hanya apabila guru membenarkan

Pintu dan tingkap

dibuka supaya ada aliran udara dan cahaya yang cukup

Kasut yang bertutup

melindungi kaki daripada kaca dan tumpahan

得到许可 = kebenaran guru；空气流通 = aliran udara；包头鞋 = kasut yang bertutup 活动开始前：要得到老师的许可才进科学室；打开门窗，让空气流通，实验材料的气味可以散出去，室内也有足够的光线（mendapat cahaya yang cukup）；穿包住脚趾的鞋，万一有玻璃碎片或液体洒出来，脚也不会受伤。例子：做醋和小苏打的实验时会有酸味，开着窗就不会闷在室内。注意：拖鞋和凉鞋露出脚趾，不适合在科学室穿。

teacher's permission = kebenaran guru; air flow = aliran udara; closed shoes = kasut yang bertutup Before an activity: enter the science room only with the teacher's permission; open the doors and windows so air flows, the smell of materials can escape and the room gets enough light (mendapat cahaya yang cukup); wear shoes that cover your toes so spilt liquid or glass shards cannot hurt your feet. Example: an activity with vinegar gives off a sour smell, and open windows stop it lingering in the room. Watch out: slippers and sandals show your toes, so they are not suitable in the science room.

Cuba

Mengapakah pintu dan tingkap dibuka sebelum aktiviti bermula?

开门窗的原因 = sebab buka tingkap 有些实验材料有气味，空气不流通会让人头晕不舒服。打开门窗，新鲜空气进来，气味散出去；光线也照进来，室内有足够的光，做实验看得清楚。开窗不是为了让别人看，而且开窗会让房间更亮，不会更暗。例子：厨房煮东西时打开窗户，油烟味很快就散了。注意：活动结束、大家离开后，才把门窗关好。

why windows are opened = sebab buka tingkap Some materials smell, and stale air can make people dizzy or unwell. Opening doors and windows lets fresh air in and the smell out, and lets in enough light so we can see our work clearly. It is not for others to watch, and open windows make a room brighter, not darker. Example: opening the kitchen window while cooking clears the cooking smell quickly. Watch out: close the doors and windows only after the activity ends and everyone leaves.

Cuba

Kasut manakah yang sesuai dipakai di bilik sains?

合适的鞋 = kasut sesuai 包头鞋把整只脚包起来，玻璃碎片和洒出来的液体碰不到脚趾。人字拖和绑带凉鞋都露出脚趾和脚背，很容易受伤。例子：学校的白色布鞋就是包头鞋。注意：鞋带要绑好，免得在科学室绊倒。

suitable shoes = kasut sesuai Closed shoes cover the whole foot, so glass shards and spilt liquid cannot reach the toes. Flip-flops and strappy sandals leave the toes and top of the foot bare, which is easily injured. Example: white canvas school shoes are closed shoes. Watch out: tie your laces so you do not trip in the science room.

Semasa aktiviti

Tertib dan cermat

Ikut arahan guru

Tertib

beratur, ambil alat seorang demi seorang

Cermat

pegang bikar dengan dua tangan

Jangan

makan · minum · berlari · bergurau

Jaga perabot

jangan conteng atau duduk di atas meja

有秩序 = tertib；细心 = cermat；家具 = perabot 活动进行时要听老师的指示：排队一个一个拿器材，拿的时候要细心，例如用两只手拿烧杯。不可以在科学室吃东西、喝水、奔跑或开玩笑，因为食物可能沾到实验材料。也要爱护桌椅，不坐在桌上，不乱画桌面。发生意外要马上报告老师。例子：大家一拥而上抢试管，很容易把试管架推倒。注意：实验材料不可以尝，就算看起来像糖或盐也一样。

orderly = tertib; careful = cermat; furniture = perabot During an activity, follow the teacher's instructions: queue and collect equipment one at a time, and handle it carefully, such as holding a beaker with both hands. Do not eat, drink, run or fool around, because food could touch the materials. Look after the furniture by not sitting on or scribbling on tables, and report any accident to the teacher at once. Example: a crowd grabbing for test tubes can easily push the whole rack over. Watch out: never taste materials, even if they look like sugar or salt.

Ingat semula

Sebelum, semasa dan selepas

Peraturan mengikut masa

之前 = sebelum；进行中 = semasa；之后 = selepas 把规则按时间分三段比较好记。活动之前：得到许可、开门窗、穿包头鞋。活动进行时：听指示、有秩序拿器材、不吃不喝不跑。活动之后：清洗和收好器材、洗手、关掉电源。动画就是按这三段，一栏一栏出现。例子：洗手放在“之后”，因为手可能沾到实验材料。注意：同一个动作放错时间就没有用，例如活动做完才开窗，气味早就闷在房间里了。

before = sebelum; during = semasa; after = selepas Sorting the rules by time makes them easier to remember. Before: get permission, open doors and windows, wear closed shoes. During: follow instructions, collect equipment in order, no eating, drinking or running. After: clean and store equipment, wash hands, switch off. The animation shows them column by column. Example: hand washing belongs after, because your hands may have touched materials. Watch out: doing a step at the wrong time is no help; opening the window only at the end leaves the smell trapped during the work.

Selepas aktiviti

Kemas sebelum keluar

Bersih · simpan · cuci tangan · matikan suis

Bersih dan simpan

alat kembali ke tempatnya

Cuci tangan

dengan sabun dan air

Matikan suis

elak pembaziran elektrik

浪费电 = pembaziran elektrik；开关 = suis；洗手 = cuci tangan 活动结束后：把桌子和器材清理干净，放回原本的位置，排好椅子；用肥皂洗手，把可能沾到的材料洗掉；离开前关掉电灯和风扇的开关，避免浪费电，也比较安全。例子：最后一个离开的同学看一看开关是不是都关了。注意：节约用电不只在家里，在学校每一间教室也一样。

waste of electricity = pembaziran elektrik; switch = suis; wash hands = cuci tangan After the activity, clean the tables and equipment and return everything to its place, then tidy the chairs. Wash your hands with soap to remove any material. Before leaving, switch off the lights and fans to avoid wasting electricity, which is also safer. Example: the last pupil out checks that every switch is off. Watch out: saving electricity matters in every classroom at school, not only at home.

Cuba

Semua murid sudah keluar, tetapi lampu dan kipas bilik sains masih hidup. Peraturan manakah yang tidak dipatuhi?

找出没遵守的规则 = peraturan tidak dipatuhi 大家都走了，灯和风扇还开着，表示没人关开关，浪费电。包头鞋和开门窗是活动“之前”的规则，跟灯和风扇无关。例子：放学后课室的风扇整夜开着，就会浪费很多电。注意：看清楚情境里出了什么问题，再找对应的规则。

finding the broken rule = peraturan tidak dipatuhi Everyone has gone but the lights and fans are on, so nobody switched off and electricity is wasted. Closed shoes and opening windows are before-activity rules and have nothing to do with lights and fans. Example: a classroom fan left running all night after school wastes a lot of electricity. Watch out: spot what went wrong in the situation first, then find the matching rule.

Padankan

Peraturan dan sebabnya

规则和原因 = peraturan dan sebab 每条规则都有原因：穿包头鞋保护脚不被玻璃割伤；开门窗让空气流通；关开关避免浪费电；有秩序拿器材，东西才不会掉下打破。记住原因，就更容易记住规则。例子：在图书馆要安静，原因是不打扰别人看书。注意：一条规则配一个原因，不要把“空气流通”配给鞋子。

rules and reasons = peraturan dan sebab Every rule has a reason: closed shoes keep feet safe from glass; open doors and windows let air flow; switching off avoids wasting electricity; collecting equipment in order stops it falling and breaking. Knowing the reason makes the rule easier to remember. Example: we keep quiet in the library so we do not disturb readers. Watch out: pair each rule with one reason; air flow has nothing to do with shoes.

Senarai semak

Adakah saya mematuhi peraturan?

Tandakan ✓ dengan jujur

peraturan	✓ / ✗
Saya masuk dengan kebenaran guru.	✓
Saya memakai kasut bertutup.	✓
Saya mencuci tangan selepas aktiviti.	✗

Ada ✗? Amalkan pada kali seterusnya.

检查表 = senarai semak；诚实 = jujur；手扇 = kipas tangan 检查表让我们自己检查做到了哪些规则。活动后，诚实地在做到的规则旁打勾，没做到的打叉，下次改进。表里这位同学忘了洗手，下次就要记得。也可以把规则写在一把纸做的手扇上，常常拿出来看。例子：每次上完科学课，花一分钟看一看检查表。注意：检查表是给自己看的，乱打勾就失去意义。

checklist = senarai semak; honest = jujur; hand fan = kipas tangan A checklist lets us check which rules we followed. After the activity, honestly tick the rules you kept and cross the ones you missed, then improve next time. The pupil in this list forgot to wash hands, so that is the thing to remember next time. You can also write the rules on a paper hand fan and look at it often. Example: spend one minute on the checklist after every science lesson. Watch out: the checklist is for yourself; ticking everything without thinking makes it useless.

Situasi

Semasa aktiviti, Amir terlanggar sebatang tabung uji dan ia pecah. Apakah yang patut dia lakukan?

打破器材怎么办 = alat pecah 试管破了，要马上告诉老师，由老师用正确的工具清理。用手捡碎片会割伤；把玻璃藏起来，别人可能被割到，而且不诚实。例子：在食堂打破碗，也是先告诉工作人员，不要自己用手收拾。注意：不小心打破东西不可怕，诚实报告才是对的做法。

when equipment breaks = alat pecah If a test tube breaks, tell the teacher at once so it is cleared with the proper tools. Picking up shards by hand causes cuts, and hiding the glass may hurt someone else and is dishonest. Example: if you break a bowl in the canteen, tell the staff first instead of clearing it by hand. Watch out: breaking something by accident is not the worst thing; reporting it honestly is the right step.

Ingat semula

"Lap meja dan simpan bikar ke dalam almari." Bilakah perkara ini dilakukan?

分时段 = bahagi ikut masa 擦桌子、把烧杯收进柜子，表示器材已经用完了，所以是活动“之后”做的事。活动之前和进行中，烧杯还要用来做实验。例子：打开门窗是“之前”，有秩序拿器材是“进行中”。注意：想一想这个动作发生时，器材还在用吗？

sorting by time = bahagi ikut masa Wiping the table and putting the beaker away in the cupboard mean the equipment is finished with, so this happens after the activity. Before and during the activity the beaker is still needed for the work. Example: opening windows is before, and collecting equipment in order is during. Watch out: ask yourself whether the equipment is still being used at that moment.

Fikir

Peraturan manakah yang sesuai juga untuk bilik komputer?

用在其他特别室 = bilik khas lain；电脑室 = bilik komputer 科学室的很多规则也适用于电脑室：离开前关电源可以省电，也保护电脑。在电脑室奔跑会撞倒东西，边吃东西边打字，食物屑和饮料会弄坏键盘。例子：在音乐室，也要有秩序地拿乐器、用完放回原位。注意：好的规则可以带到学校的其他特别室。

other special rooms = bilik khas lain; computer room = bilik komputer Many science room rules suit the computer room too: switching off before leaving saves electricity and protects the computers. Running there can knock things over, and eating while typing drops crumbs and drinks on the keyboard. Example: in the music room, collect instruments in an orderly way and put them back after use. Watch out: good rules can be carried into the school's other special rooms.

Ringkasan

Syabas!

sebelum · semasa · selepas

Kita berdisiplin dan berhati-hati di bilik sains. Kita mematuhi peraturan sebelum, semasa dan selepas aktiviti supaya tiada kecederaan dan kerosakan.

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