Unit 4

Menggunakan, Melakar dan Menyimpan Peralatan Sains

Ahli sains bukan sahaja berfikir. Mereka juga pandai mengendalikan alat dan spesimen, melakar, serta membersihkan dan menyimpan peralatan.
Ini ialah kemahiran manipulatif.

操作技能 = kemahiran manipulatif；标本 = spesimen；器材 = peralatan 前面学的观察、分类、测量、推论、预测、沟通，是“用脑”的科学过程技能。这一课学“动手”的操作技能：正确使用器材和标本、画草图、清洗和收好器材。最后还会复习整个第一单元。例子：上科学课时，懂得怎样拿放大镜、用完把试管洗干净放回架子，就是操作技能。注意：动手做实验时，安全永远是第一位。

manipulative skills = kemahiran manipulatif; specimen = spesimen; equipment = peralatan Observing, classifying, measuring, inferring, predicting and communicating are thinking skills. This unit covers hands-on manipulative skills: handling equipment and specimens properly, sketching, and cleaning and storing equipment. It ends with a review of the whole chapter. Example: knowing how to hold a hand lens, then washing a test tube and putting it back on its rack, are manipulative skills. Watch out: safety always comes first when doing practical work.

Mengendalikan spesimen

Memerhati belalang dengan cermat

Spesimen hidup mesti dijaga

Sauk

jaring untuk menangkap serangga

Kain berlubang

udara dapat masuk ke dalam balang

Kanta tangan

membesarkan rupa spesimen

网兜 = sauk；有洞的布 = kain berlubang；放大镜 = kanta tangan；放生 = lepaskan 要观察蚱蜢，先用网兜轻轻捉住，再放进瓶子，瓶口盖上有小洞的布，让空气进去，蚱蜢才能呼吸。接着用放大镜看清楚它的脚、翅膀和触角。观察完后，把它放回草地。例子：观察蜗牛时，也要放一片湿叶子在容器里，看完放回花园。注意：不可以捏、拔脚或摇晃容器，活的标本也会受伤。

sweep net = sauk; cloth with holes = kain berlubang; hand lens = kanta tangan; release = lepaskan To observe a grasshopper, catch it gently with a sweep net and put it in a jar covered by a cloth with small holes, so that air gets in and it can breathe. Then use a hand lens to see its legs, wings and antennae clearly. When you finish, release it back onto the grass. Example: when observing a snail, put a damp leaf in the container and return the snail to the garden afterwards. Watch out: never squeeze it, pull its legs or shake the container; living specimens can be hurt.

Cuba

Mengapakah balang belalang ditutup dengan kain berlubang?

为什么用有洞的布 = mengapa kain berlubang 蚱蜢是生物，需要空气才能活下去。布上的小洞让空气流进瓶子，同时蚱蜢也跳不出来。好不好看、瓶子重不重，都和这块布无关。例子：把小鱼带回家时，袋子里也要留有空气。注意：如果用完全密封的盖子，蚱蜢会因为缺乏空气而死去。

why a cloth with holes = mengapa kain berlubang A grasshopper is alive and needs air to survive. The small holes let air flow into the jar while stopping the insect from jumping out. Looking pretty or making the jar heavy has nothing to do with the cloth. Example: when you carry a small fish home, the bag also keeps some air inside. Watch out: with a fully sealed lid the grasshopper could die from lack of air.

Cuba

Hana sudah selesai memerhati seekor rama-rama. Apakah yang patut dia lakukan?

爱护生物 = menghargai benda hidup；蝴蝶 = rama-rama 观察完之后，要把蝴蝶放回它原本生活的花园，让它继续找花蜜、飞翔。关在密封的瓶子里或带回家当玩具，都会伤害它。例子：在溪边观察完蝌蚪，就把它们轻轻倒回溪水里。注意：观察的目的是学习，不是把生物占为己有。

caring for living things = menghargai benda hidup; butterfly = rama-rama After observing, release the butterfly back into the garden where it lives, so it can keep flying and feeding on nectar. Sealing it in a jar or taking it home as a toy would harm it. Example: after watching tadpoles at a stream, gently pour them back into the water. Watch out: we observe to learn, not to keep living things for ourselves.

Melakar

Melakar bikar dan tabung uji

Pensel · pembaris · label

烧杯 = bikar；试管 = tabung uji；溶液 = larutan；塞子 = penutup 画科学器材要用铅笔和尺，线条才会直。先画烧杯的外形，再画出溶液的高度；接着画试管和上面的塞子；最后写上标签，用直线指到正确的部位。动画就是按这个次序一笔一笔画出来的。例子：画量筒时，也要用尺画两条直直的边，再画出水面。注意：标签要写清楚，线要准确指着那个部分，不要指到空白处。

beaker = bikar; test tube = tabung uji; solution = larutan; stopper = penutup Sketch science equipment with a pencil and a ruler so the lines are straight. Draw the outline of the beaker first, then the level of the solution; next draw the test tube and its stopper; finally write the labels with straight lines to the correct parts. The animation draws them in exactly that order. Example: when sketching a measuring cylinder, also rule its two straight sides before drawing the water surface. Watch out: write labels clearly and make each line point exactly at its part, not at an empty space.

Cuba

Alat apakah yang membantu kita melakar garis lurus pada bikar?

画直线 = melakar garis lurus 铅笔画出的线可以修改，尺有一条直边，沿着它画，线就会直。彩色笔不容易擦掉，橡皮只能擦，不能画直线；剪刀和胶水是做手工用的。例子：画试管架的横杆，也是把尺放平，再用铅笔沿着画。注意：先用铅笔画好，确定正确后才可以上色。

ruling straight lines = melakar garis lurus Pencil lines can be corrected, and a ruler has a straight edge to draw along, so the line comes out straight. Colour pens are hard to erase, an eraser cannot draw, and scissors and glue are for craft work. Example: drawing the bar of a test tube rack is done by laying the ruler flat and running the pencil along it. Watch out: sketch in pencil first and only add colour once it is correct.

Membersihkan dan menyimpan

Selepas aktiviti

Basuh · bilas · keringkan · simpan

1Basuh dengan berus dan air sabun

2Bilas dengan air bersih

3Keringkan secara terbalik di atas rak

4Simpan di dalam almari, di tempatnya

Alat kaca retak atau pecah? Beritahu guru, jangan sentuh.

清洗 = membersihkan；晾干 = mengeringkan；收好 = menyimpan；架子 = rak 实验做完要整理器材：先用刷子和肥皂水洗试管，再用清水冲干净，然后倒放在架子上晾干，干了以后放回柜子里原本的位置。倒着放，水才会流出来，灰尘也不会掉进去。例子：装过彩色溶液的试管，要刷到看不见颜色为止。注意：玻璃器材裂了或破了，要马上告诉老师，不可以自己用手捡。

clean = membersihkan; dry = mengeringkan; store = menyimpan; rack = rak After an activity, tidy the equipment: scrub the test tube with a brush and soapy water, rinse it with clean water, stand it upside down on the rack to dry, and when dry put it back in its own place in the cupboard. Standing it upside down lets the water drain and keeps dust out. Example: a test tube that held coloured solution should be brushed until no colour is left. Watch out: if glassware is cracked or broken, tell the teacher at once and never pick it up by hand.

Susun

Susun langkah mengurus tabung uji selepas aktiviti.

排列步骤 = susun langkah 正确次序是：先洗（用刷子和肥皂水去掉脏东西），再冲（把肥皂冲掉），然后晾干，最后收好。如果没干就收进柜子，器材里会留着水，容易发霉或弄脏。例子：吃完饭洗碗也是先洗、再冲、再沥干、最后放回碗柜。注意：“冲”一定在“洗”之后，否则肥皂会留在试管里。

ordering the steps = susun langkah The correct order is wash (brush and soapy water remove the dirt), rinse (clear away the soap), dry, then store. Putting equipment away while still wet leaves water inside, which can turn mouldy or dirty. Example: washing up after a meal also goes wash, rinse, drain, then back into the cupboard. Watch out: rinsing must come after washing, or soap stays in the test tube.

Ingat semula

Kemahiran saintifik

6 kemahiran proses sains · 5 kemahiran manipulatif

Kemahiran proses sains

1. memerhati
2. mengelas
3. mengukur dan menggunakan nombor
4. membuat inferens
5. meramal
6. berkomunikasi

Kemahiran manipulatif

1. menggunakan dan mengendalikan peralatan dan bahan sains
2. mengendalikan spesimen dengan cermat
3. melakar spesimen, peralatan dan bahan sains
4. membersihkan peralatan sains
5. menyimpan peralatan dan bahan sains

科学过程技能 = kemahiran proses sains；操作技能 = kemahiran manipulatif 复习第一单元：科学过程技能有 6 个，就是观察、分类、测量和使用数字、推论、预测、沟通，主要靠思考。操作技能有 5 个，就是使用器材和材料、处理标本、画草图、清洗器材、收好器材，主要靠动手。例子：用秒表计时是“测量和使用数字”，把秒表放回盒子是“收好器材”。注意：推论（解释已发生的事）和预测（说将会发生的事）最容易混淆。

science process skills = kemahiran proses sains; manipulative skills = kemahiran manipulatif Reviewing the chapter: there are 6 science process skills, namely observing, classifying, measuring and using numbers, inferring, predicting and communicating, which are mostly thinking. There are 5 manipulative skills, namely using equipment and materials, handling specimens, sketching, cleaning and storing, which are mostly hands-on. Example: timing with a stopwatch is measuring and using numbers, while returning the stopwatch to its box is storing. Watch out: inferring explains what has happened and predicting tells what will happen; these two are the easiest to mix up.

Santai sains

Belon ajaib

Botol dalam air panas dan air ais

神奇气球 = belon ajaib；胀大 = kembung；缩小 = kecut；热水 = air panas 把气球套在空瓶口，瓶子看起来是空的，其实里面装满空气。把瓶子放进热水，空气受热膨胀，跑进气球，气球就鼓起来；放进冰水，空气遇冷收缩，气球就瘪下去。这个小实验用到了观察和预测。例子：夏天车子里的气球放久了，有时会变得更胀。注意：热水要请大人帮忙倒，别被烫伤。

magic balloon = belon ajaib; inflated = kembung; shrunken = kecut; hot water = air panas Fit a balloon over the mouth of an empty bottle. The bottle looks empty but is full of air. In hot water the air warms and expands into the balloon, so the balloon puffs up; in ice water the air cools and contracts, so the balloon goes limp. This small activity uses observing and predicting. Example: a balloon left in a hot car can become tighter. Watch out: ask an adult to pour the hot water so you do not get scalded.

Meramal

Botol berbelon yang kecut dikeluarkan dari air ais, lalu diletakkan dalam air panas. Ramalkan apa yang berlaku kepada belon.

用经验预测 = ramal guna pengalaman 刚才观察到：瓶子放进热水，里面的空气受热膨胀，气球就鼓起来。所以把冰水里的瓶子移到热水，可以预测气球会慢慢胀大。气球不会一直瘪着，也不会自己脱落。例子：再把它放回冰水，可以预测气球又会缩小。注意：这是根据观察和经验的预测，不是乱猜。

predicting from experience = ramal guna pengalaman We saw that in hot water the air inside warms, expands and puffs up the balloon. So moving the bottle from ice water to hot water, we can predict the balloon will slowly inflate. It will not stay limp, and it will not pop off by itself. Example: put it back in ice water and we can predict it will shrink again. Watch out: this prediction is based on observation and experience, not a guess.

Mari jawab

Hadi melihat lantai licin di tepi singki. Dia berkata, "Mungkin ada air tertumpah." Kemahiran apakah yang digunakan Hadi?

认出技能 = kenal kemahiran；水槽 = singki Hadi 观察到地板滑，然后用“可能”说出一个原因：有水洒了。这是在解释已经发生的事，所以是推论。预测是讲接下来会发生什么；他也没有用任何工具去量。例子：看到地上有碎玻璃，说“可能有杯子打破了”，也是推论。注意：有“mungkin”不一定是推论，要看讲的是过去的原因还是未来的结果。

naming the skill = kenal kemahiran; sink = singki Hadi observes a slippery floor and then gives a possible reason with mungkin: some water was spilt. He is explaining something that has already happened, so it is inferring. Predicting would be about what happens next, and he measured nothing. Example: seeing broken glass on the floor and saying a cup may have been dropped is also an inference. Watch out: mungkin alone does not make an inference; check whether it explains a past cause or a future result.

Mari jawab

Semasa membasuh, Lisa terlihat bikar retak. Apakah tindakan yang betul?

安全处理破损器材 = alat retak；裂开 = retak 裂开的烧杯随时会破，碎片会割伤手。正确做法是马上告诉老师，让老师安全处理。洗了再收好，下一个同学用时可能受伤；偷偷藏起来更不诚实，也很危险。例子：发现电线外皮破了，也要马上告诉大人，不可以自己去碰。注意：诚实报告损坏，是科学室的重要规矩。

dealing with damaged equipment = alat retak; cracked = retak A cracked beaker can shatter at any moment and its pieces can cut hands. The right action is to tell the teacher at once so it can be handled safely. Washing and storing it puts the next user at risk, and hiding it is dishonest as well as dangerous. Example: if you notice a damaged electric cable, tell an adult straight away and do not touch it. Watch out: reporting damage honestly is an important science room habit.

Ringkasan

Syabas!

6 proses sains · 5 manipulatif

Kita mengendalikan spesimen dengan cermat, melakar dengan pensel dan pembaris, serta membersihkan, mengeringkan dan menyimpan peralatan dengan betul.

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