Unit 1
Memerhati dan Mengelas
Seorang ahli sains bekerja seperti detektif. Dia menggunakan deria untuk memerhati, kemudian mengumpulkan benda yang sama ciri.
Mari belajar memerhati dan mengelas!
观察 = memerhati；分类 = mengelas；感官 = deria
科学家做研究时很像侦探：先用身体的感官仔细观察，收集线索，再把有相同特点的东西放在一起。这一课学两种科学过程技能：观察和分类。
例子：侦探看脚印、闻气味、听声音来找线索，科学家也是这样认识身边的东西。
注意：观察不只是用眼睛看，耳朵、鼻子、舌头和皮肤都能帮忙。
observe = memerhati; classify = mengelas; senses = deria
A scientist works a lot like a detective: first gather clues carefully with the senses, then group together things that share the same features. This unit covers two science process skills, observing and classifying.
Example: a detective studies footprints, sniffs smells and listens for sounds, and a scientist learns about things in the same way.
Watch out: observing is not only looking; the ears, nose, tongue and skin help too.
Memerhati
Lima deria kita
Setiap deria ada organnya
Penglihatan
organ: mata
Pendengaran
organ: telinga
Bau
organ: hidung
Rasa
organ: lidah
Sentuhan
organ: kulit
Memerhati = guna deria untuk mengenal ciri benda
视觉 = penglihatan；听觉 = pendengaran；嗅觉 = bau；味觉 = rasa；触觉 = sentuhan
我们有五种感官，每一种都靠一个器官：视觉用眼睛，听觉用耳朵，嗅觉用鼻子，味觉用舌头，触觉用皮肤。用这些感官去认识一样东西的颜色、声音、气味、味道和软硬，就是观察。
例子：摸一摸猫的毛，知道它软软的；这是用皮肤的触觉在观察。
注意：器官和感官要配对清楚，例如舌头管味道，鼻子管气味。
sight = penglihatan; hearing = pendengaran; smell = bau; taste = rasa; touch = sentuhan
We have five senses and each works through one organ: eyes for sight, ears for hearing, the nose for smell, the tongue for taste and the skin for touch. Using them to find out the colour, sound, smell, taste or hardness of something is called observing.
Example: stroking a cat's fur tells you it is soft; that is observing with your sense of touch.
Watch out: keep each organ with its own sense, for instance the tongue tastes while the nose smells.
Memerhati
Lima deria di dapur
Ibu membuat bertih jagung
爆米花 = bertih jagung；锅 = periuk；香 = harum
妈妈在厨房做爆米花，五个感官同时在工作：眼睛看到玉米粒爆开变白，耳朵听到“砰砰”声，鼻子闻到香味，舌头尝到咸味，皮肤靠近锅子感觉到热。动画一格一格出现，正好对应五个感官。
例子：吃榴莲时，眼睛看到刺，鼻子闻到浓味，舌头尝到甜味，也是多个感官一起观察。
注意：锅子很烫，只能靠近感觉热气，绝对不可以用手直接摸。
popcorn = bertih jagung; pot = periuk; fragrant = harum
Mum is making popcorn and all five senses are busy at once: the eyes see the kernels burst open and turn white, the ears hear the popping, the nose picks up a nice smell, the tongue tastes salt and the skin feels heat near the pot. Each box in the animation matches one sense.
Example: eating a durian, you see its thorns, smell its strong odour and taste its sweetness, so several senses observe together.
Watch out: the pot is very hot; only feel the warmth from a distance and never touch it with bare hands.
Cuba
Ain terdengar bunyi guruh dari luar tingkap. Deria apakah yang dia gunakan?
听觉 = pendengaran；雷声 = bunyi guruh
Ain 是“听到”雷声，声音是从耳朵进去的，所以用的是听觉。她不一定看到闪电，所以不是视觉；雷声也不能用皮肤摸到。
例子：闭上眼睛也能听出是谁在叫你的名字，这就是听觉。
注意：题目里的动词“terdengar（听到）”就是线索。
hearing = pendengaran; thunder = bunyi guruh
Ain hears the thunder, and sound enters through the ears, so she is using hearing. She may not see any lightning, so it is not sight, and thunder cannot be felt with the skin.
Example: even with your eyes shut you can tell who is calling your name; that is hearing.
Watch out: the verb terdengar in the question is the clue.
Memerhati
Teka objek dalam kotak
Mata ditutup, deria lain bekerja
Mata Ravi ditutup. Dia memegang satu objek: lembut, ringan, berbulu. Apabila digoncang, tiada bunyi.
Teka: bulu pelepah?
Teka: bulu pelepah?
Sentuhan
keras · lembut · licin · kasar
Pendengaran
goncang: ada bunyi atau tidak?
Bau
wangi · busuk · tiada bau
Rasa
hanya makanan yang selamat
神秘箱 = kotak misteri；软 = lembut；硬 = keras；滑 = licin；粗糙 = kasar
把眼睛蒙起来以后，还可以用其他感官猜东西：用手摸它是硬是软、是滑是粗；摇一摇听有没有声音；闻一闻有没有气味。Ravi 摸到的东西又软又轻、有毛，摇了没声音，所以他猜是羽毛。
例子：摸到冰冰的、硬硬的、圆圆的小东西，摇起来叮当响，可能是一颗铃铛。
注意：只可以尝老师允许的食物，不认识的东西绝对不放进嘴里。
mystery box = kotak misteri; soft = lembut; hard = keras; smooth = licin; rough = kasar
With your eyes covered you can still guess an object using the other senses: feel whether it is hard or soft, smooth or rough; shake it to hear any sound; sniff it for a smell. Ravi feels something soft, light and fluffy that makes no sound when shaken, so he guesses a feather.
Example: a small cold, hard, round thing that jingles when shaken may be a bell.
Watch out: only taste food your teacher allows, and never put an unknown object in your mouth.
Cuba
Mata Mei ditutup. Objek yang dipegangnya keras, sejuk, licin dan kecil. Apabila jatuh ke lantai, ia berbunyi "tik". Objek itu mungkin …
玻璃弹珠 = guli kaca；棉花 = kapas；手帕 = sapu tangan
把线索一个个对照：硬、冰凉、光滑、小小的，掉在地上会“滴”一声。棉花和手帕都是软的，掉下去几乎没有声音，所以只有玻璃弹珠符合所有线索。
例子：硬、粗糙、有点重、掉下会“咚”一声的，可能是石头。
注意：猜的时候要每个线索都对上，不能只看一个。
glass marble = guli kaca; cotton wool = kapas; handkerchief = sapu tangan
Check the clues one by one: hard, cold, smooth, small, and it goes tick when dropped. Cotton wool and a handkerchief are soft and make almost no sound when they fall, so only the glass marble fits every clue.
Example: something hard, rough, quite heavy and thudding when dropped could be a stone.
Watch out: a good guess must match all the clues, not just one of them.
Padankan
Deria dan organnya
配对 = padankan；器官 = organ
把五种感官和身体部位连起来：视觉配眼睛，听觉配耳朵，嗅觉配鼻子，味觉配舌头，触觉配皮肤。皮肤遍布全身，所以手、脚、脸都能感觉冷热和软硬。
例子：洗澡时觉得水太烫，是皮肤在告诉你。
注意：嗅觉（bau）和味觉（rasa）最容易搞混，一个靠鼻子，一个靠舌头。
match = padankan; organ = organ
Link each of the five senses to a body part: sight with the eyes, hearing with the ears, smell with the nose, taste with the tongue and touch with the skin. Skin covers the whole body, so hands, feet and face can all feel hot, cold, soft or hard.
Example: noticing that bath water is too hot is your skin at work.
Watch out: smell (bau) and taste (rasa) are the easiest pair to mix up; one uses the nose, the other the tongue.
Mengelas
Apakah mengelas?
Kumpulkan ikut ciri sepunya
Bentuk
bulat · segi tiga · segi empat
Warna
merah · biru · kuning
Saiz
besar · kecil
Bahan
kayu · plastik · logam
Ciri sepunya = ciri yang sama pada semua benda dalam satu kumpulan
分类 = mengelas；共同特征 = ciri sepunya；形状 = bentuk；颜色 = warna
分类就是把有相同特点的东西放在同一组。这个相同的特点叫“共同特征”。可以按形状、颜色、大小或材料来分，用哪一个特征由我们自己决定。
例子：整理玩具箱时，把积木放一盒、车子放一盒，是按种类分；也可以把红色玩具放一起，是按颜色分。
注意：同一组里的每一样东西，都必须有那个共同特征。
classify = mengelas; common feature = ciri sepunya; shape = bentuk; colour = warna
Classifying means putting things that share a feature into the same group. That shared feature is called the common feature. We can group by shape, colour, size or material, and we choose which feature to use.
Example: tidying a toy box, you can put blocks in one tub and cars in another, or put all the red toys together by colour.
Watch out: every item in a group must have that common feature.
Mengelas
Carta pengelasan
Mak cik tukang jahit mengasingkan butang
Ciri yang dipilih: bentuk
分类图 = carta pengelasan；纽扣 = butang；裁缝 = tukang jahit
裁缝阿姨有 10 颗纽扣，她选“形状”当特征：圆形 4 颗、三角形 3 颗、正方形 3 颗。把结果画成上面一个总框、下面分出几组的图，大家一眼就看懂。
例子：把班上同学的鞋子按颜色画成分类图：白色一组、黑色一组。
注意：每一组的数目加起来要等于全部的数量，4 + 3 + 3 = 10。
classification chart = carta pengelasan; button = butang; tailor = tukang jahit
The tailor has 10 buttons and picks shape as her feature: 4 round, 3 triangle and 3 square. Drawing the result as one box at the top splitting into groups below makes it easy to read at a glance.
Example: a chart of the class's shoes sorted by colour, with one group for white and one for black.
Watch out: the group totals must add back to the whole set, 4 + 3 + 3 = 10.
Cuba
Kumpulan A: cili merah, tomato, epal merah.
Kumpulan B: timun, daun pandan, limau nipis.
Apakah ciri yang digunakan?
看出特征 = cari ciri；辣椒 = cili；黄瓜 = timun
A 组的辣椒、番茄、苹果都是红色；B 组的黄瓜、香兰叶、青柠都是绿色。每组里的东西形状不同、大小也不同，所以分组的特征是颜色。
例子：西瓜和葡萄大小差很多，但都可以放进“绿色”或“圆形”的组。
注意：先找出一组里“每一样都一样”的地方，那就是共同特征。
find the feature = cari ciri; chilli = cili; cucumber = timun
The chilli, tomato and apple in group A are all red; the cucumber, pandan leaf and lime in group B are all green. Each group mixes different shapes and sizes, so the feature used is colour.
Example: a watermelon and a grape are very different sizes but could both go in a round group.
Watch out: look for what every item in one group shares; that is the common feature.
Kelaskan lapan objek
Pilih satu ciri. Tekan objek untuk masukkan ke kumpulan A atau B, kemudian tekan Semak.
沉 = tenggelam；浮 = timbul；金属 = logam
台上有 8 样东西：弹珠、硬币、石头、钥匙、乒乓球、木铅笔、枯叶和海绵。先选一个特征，再按东西把它放进 A 组或 B 组（按一下进 A，再按一下进 B），最后按 Semak 检查。三个特征都要试。
例子：选“金属”时，只有硬币和钥匙是金属。
注意：同样 8 样东西，换一个特征，分出来的组就不一样。
sink = tenggelam; float = timbul; metal = logam
There are 8 objects: a marble, a coin, a stone, a key, a ping-pong ball, a wooden pencil, a dry leaf and a sponge. Choose a feature, tap each object to put it in group A (tap again for group B), then press Semak to check. Try all three features.
Example: with the metal feature, only the coin and the key are metal.
Watch out: the same 8 objects form different groups when you change the feature.
Semak makmal
Guli, syiling, batu dan kunci berada dalam satu kumpulan. Ciri apakah yang digunakan?
四样都会沉 = semuanya tenggelam
弹珠、硬币、石头、钥匙放进水里都会沉下去，所以它们是按“沉或浮”分在一起的。石头和钥匙不是圆的，弹珠和石头也不是金属，所以另外两个特征都不对。
例子：乒乓球、木铅笔、枯叶和海绵会浮，是另一组。
注意：检查特征时，要确定组里每一样都符合。
all four sink = semuanya tenggelam
The marble, coin, stone and key all sink in water, so they were grouped by sinking or floating. The stone and the key are not round, and the marble and the stone are not metal, so the other two features do not fit.
Example: the ping-pong ball, wooden pencil, dry leaf and sponge float, forming the other group.
Watch out: when you check a feature, make sure every item in the group has it.
Fikir
Rani mengelas buku dalam begnya mengikut ketebalan. Hafiz mengelas buku yang sama mengikut warna kulit buku. Siapakah yang betul?
可以选不同特征 = boleh pilih ciri berlainan；厚度 = ketebalan
分类时，特征是我们自己选的。Rani 按厚薄分，Hafiz 按封面颜色分，只要每一组里的书都符合所选的特征，两个人都对。
例子：同一盒彩色笔，可以按颜色分，也可以按长短分。
注意：一次分类只用一个特征，不能一半按厚薄、一半按颜色。
different features are allowed = boleh pilih ciri berlainan; thickness = ketebalan
When classifying, we choose the feature ourselves. Rani sorts by thickness and Hafiz by cover colour; as long as every book in each group fits the chosen feature, both are right.
Example: one box of colour pencils can be sorted by colour or by length.
Watch out: use one feature per sort, not half by thickness and half by colour.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
deria → memerhati · ciri sepunya → mengelas
Kita memerhati dengan lima deria: penglihatan, pendengaran, bau, rasa dan sentuhan. Kita mengelas benda mengikut ciri sepunya yang kita pilih.
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