Unit 14
Toleransi Sesama Warga Sekolah
Hari Pameran Sains di dewan. Murid beratur untuk melihat eksperimen gunung berapi.
Barisan panjang, tetapi Aiman, Mei Ling dan Kavitha menunggu dengan sabar. Mereka memberi laluan kepada murid Tahun 1 yang kecil.
Nilai: Toleransi
礼让 = Toleransi；耐心 = sabar；排队 = beratur
这一课的价值是礼让。科学展那天，礼堂里排着长长的队要看火山实验。Aiman、Mei Ling 和 Kavitha 没有抱怨，也没有插队，耐心地等；看到一年级的小同学，还让他们站到前面看。耐心等待、互相让一步，大家都能开开心心看完展览。
例子：楼梯很挤时，先让抱着很多书的同学走过去。
注意：礼让是心甘情愿地体谅别人，不是被逼着忍耐。
give and take = Toleransi; patient = sabar; queue = beratur
The value in this unit is tolerance, or give and take. On Science Fair day there is a long queue in the hall to see the volcano experiment. Aiman, Mei Ling and Kavitha do not complain or cut the line; they wait patiently and even let the small Year 1 pupils stand in front. Waiting patiently and giving way lets everyone enjoy the fair.
Example: when the stairs are crowded, let a friend carrying a pile of books go first.
Watch out: tolerance is choosing to be considerate, not being forced to put up with things.
Konsep
Apakah itu toleransi?
Bersabar, bertolak ansur dan mengawal diri
Ikut giliran
Beratur dan tunggu dengan sabar.
Mengalah
Beri peluang kepada orang lain dahulu.
Bertimbang rasa
Fikirkan perasaan dan keadaan rakan.
Mengawal diri
Tidak cepat marah atau bergaduh.
先来后到 = Ikut giliran；让一步 = Mengalah；体谅 = Bertimbang rasa；控制自己 = mengawal diri
礼让包括四种做法：按先来后到排队，耐心等轮到自己；愿意让一步，让别人先用；体谅别人的感受和处境；遇到小问题时控制自己，不马上发脾气、不吵架。马来文 bertolak ansur 的意思就是“你让一点、我让一点”。
例子：两个人都想坐窗边，Jason 说：“你先坐，下一次换我。”
注意：礼让要双方都让，不是永远只有一个人在让。
first come first served = Ikut giliran; yield = Mengalah; considerate = Bertimbang rasa; self-control = mengawal diri
Tolerance has four parts: queuing in turn and waiting patiently, being willing to yield and let others go first, considering other people's feelings and situation, and keeping control over small problems instead of losing your temper or quarrelling. The Malay phrase bertolak ansur means you give a little and I give a little.
Example: both want the window seat, so Jason says you sit first and we swap next time.
Watch out: give and take works both ways; it is not always the same person giving way.
Konsep
Antara berikut, yang manakah menunjukkan toleransi?
轮流 = bergilir-gilir；电脑 = komputer
图书馆的电脑只有几台，大家要轮流用。Daniel 耐心等轮到自己，这就是礼让。推开同学抢着用，是不守秩序又危险；整个休息时间霸占电脑、不管别人在等，是只想到自己，没有体谅别人。
例子：用电脑找资料十五分钟后，起身让后面的同学用。
注意：公共的东西人人都有份，用的时候要想到还有人在等。
take turns = bergilir-gilir; computer = komputer
The resource centre has only a few computers, so everyone takes turns. Daniel waits patiently for his turn, which is tolerance. Pushing a friend aside to use one first is disorderly and unsafe, and keeping a computer for the whole recess while others wait thinks only of oneself without any consideration.
Example: after fifteen minutes of searching for information, stand up and let the next pupil use it.
Watch out: shared things belong to everyone, so remember others may be waiting when you use them.
Pengukuhan
Toleransi di sekolah
Banyak peluang untuk bertolak ansur setiap hari
Kantin
Beratur ikut giliran, tidak memotong barisan.
Pusat sumber
“Kamu pinjam dahulu. Saya pinjam minggu depan.”
Koridor
Rakan terlanggar tanpa sengaja? Maafkan dia.
Bilik muzik
Main alat muzik secara bergilir.
轮流 = bergilir-gilir；原谅 = memaafkan；不小心 = tanpa sengaja
学校每天都有礼让的机会：在食堂按顺序排队，不插队；在图书馆两个人想借同一本书，可以说“你先借，我下星期再借”；在走廊被同学不小心撞到，接受他的道歉、原谅他；在音乐室，乐器大家轮流玩。
例子：Kavitha 说：“Kamu pinjam dahulu. Saya akan pinjam minggu depan.”
注意：对方是“不小心”的才原谅；如果有人故意欺负你，要告诉老师。
take turns = bergilir-gilir; forgive = memaafkan; by accident = tanpa sengaja
School offers chances for give and take every day: queuing in order at the canteen without cutting in; when two pupils want the same library book, saying you borrow it first and I will borrow it next week; forgiving a friend who bumps into you by accident in the corridor; and taking turns with the instruments in the music room.
Example: Kavitha says, Kamu pinjam dahulu. Saya akan pinjam minggu depan.
Watch out: forgive accidents, but if someone hurts you on purpose again and again, tell a teacher.
Pengukuhan
Jason dan Aiman mahu meminjam buku cerita yang sama di pusat sumber. Apakah tindakan yang menunjukkan toleransi?
借书 = meminjam buku；抢 = merampas；藏起来 = menyorokkan
Jason 和 Aiman 都想借同一本故事书。Aiman 让 Jason 先借，自己下次再借，两个人都读得到，也不会吵架，这就是礼让。用抢的会弄坏书、伤了友情；把书藏起来让别人找不到，是自私又不诚实的做法。
例子：两人可以约好，Jason 读完星期五还书，Aiman 星期一就借。
注意：让一步不代表吃亏，你只是晚一点读到，却多了一个好朋友。
borrow a book = meminjam buku; snatch = merampas; hide = menyorokkan
Jason and Aiman both want the same storybook. Aiman lets Jason borrow it first and plans to borrow it afterwards, so both can read it without quarrelling, which is tolerance. Snatching may damage the book and the friendship, and hiding the book so the other cannot find it is selfish and dishonest.
Example: they agree that Jason returns it on Friday and Aiman borrows it on Monday.
Watch out: giving way does not mean losing out; you read it a little later and keep a good friend.
Pengukuhan
Mengapa perlu bertoleransi?
Kepentingan dan perasaan
Kepentingan
Tiada pergaduhan, sekolah aman, perpaduan kukuh.
Perasaan
Tenang, gembira dan lega.
Ingat
Toleransi bukan lemah. Jika dibuli, beritahu guru.
团结 = Perpaduan；欺负 = buli；和谐 = aman dan mesra
礼让的好处：避免吵架打架；学校里的人相处和谐、友善；不同种族的同学更团结。互相体谅时，心里会觉得平静、开心。要记住，礼让不是软弱，懂得控制自己的人其实很有智慧。但礼让也不是被欺负时默默忍受，有人故意伤害你，就要告诉老师或辅导老师。
例子：Ravi 不小心踩到 Wong 的鞋，Wong 说“没关系”，两人继续一起玩。
注意：分清“不小心的小事”和“故意欺负”，前者可以原谅，后者要求助。
unity = Perpaduan; bully = buli; harmonious = aman dan mesra
Tolerance prevents quarrels and fights, lets everyone at school live peacefully and kindly, and makes pupils of different races more united. Being considerate leaves you calm and happy. Remember that tolerance is not weakness; people who can control themselves are wise. Yet tolerance is not staying silent when bullied either: if someone hurts you on purpose, tell a teacher or the counselling teacher.
Example: Ravi steps on Wong's shoe by accident, Wong says never mind, and they carry on playing.
Watch out: tell small accidents apart from deliberate bullying; forgive the first and seek help for the second.
Kepentingan
Seorang murid selalu mengambil wang saku Ravi dengan paksa. Apakah tindakan Ravi yang betul?
辅导老师 = guru kaunseling；强迫 = dengan paksa
这一题要分清礼让和被欺负。有同学常常强拿 Ravi 的零用钱，这不是不小心，而是欺负。Ravi 应该马上告诉老师或辅导老师。以为礼让就要默默忍受，欺负只会继续；抢回对方的钱来报复，自己也变成做错事的人。
例子：被威胁时，可以先离开，到办公室找老师说明发生了什么。
注意：求助不是打小报告，是保护自己，也阻止对方继续伤害别人。
counselling teacher = guru kaunseling; by force = dengan paksa
This question separates tolerance from being bullied. A pupil keeps taking Ravi's pocket money by force; that is not an accident but bullying. Ravi should tell a teacher or the counselling teacher at once. Thinking tolerance means suffering in silence lets the bullying continue, and taking the other pupil's money in revenge makes Ravi a wrongdoer too.
Example: when threatened, walk away first, then go to the office and tell a teacher what happened.
Watch out: asking for help is not telling tales; it protects you and stops the bully hurting others.
Pemulihan
Padankan situasi dengan tindakan toleransi
情境 = situasi；道歉 = minta maaf；劝告 = menegur
左边是学校常见的情境，右边是礼让的做法。食堂排长队时耐心等；同学不小心把水洒到你的书上，接受他的道歉，一起擦干；同学想借同一本书，就让他先借；园丁提醒你不要踩草地，就道歉并改走小路，不要顶嘴。
例子：值日生提醒你把椅子推好，你说“好的，谢谢”就照做。
注意：被大人或同学善意提醒时，先听完、不生气，这也是礼让。
situation = situasi; apologise = minta maaf; reprimand = menegur
The left side shows common school situations and the right side shows tolerant responses. Wait patiently in a long canteen queue; when a friend accidentally spills water on your book, accept the apology and wipe it together; when a friend wants the same book, let them borrow first; when the gardener tells you not to step on the grass, apologise and use the path instead of arguing back.
Example: when the duty pupil asks you to push in your chair, say okay, thank you, and do it.
Watch out: listening calmly to a kind reminder from an adult or friend is also tolerance.
Pemulihan
Kamu disalah faham oleh rakan. Susun langkah yang betul.
误会 = salah faham；解释 = penjelasan
被同学误会时，礼让的步骤是：第一，先忍耐，控制脾气，不马上骂人；第二，听对方解释，弄清楚发生了什么；第三，知道是误会后原谅对方；第四，继续做好朋友，不记仇。还没听解释就原谅或生气，都可能搞错事情。
例子：Wong 以为 Siti 拿了他的橡皮擦，后来发现掉在桌子底下，Siti 原谅了他。
注意：先冷静才能听得进解释，所以“忍耐”一定排在第一。
misunderstanding = salah faham; explanation = penjelasan
When a friend misunderstands you, the tolerant steps are: first be patient and keep your temper instead of shouting; second listen to the explanation and find out what happened; third forgive once you see it was a mistake; fourth carry on being friends without holding a grudge. Forgiving or getting angry before hearing the explanation may lead you to the wrong idea.
Example: Wong thought Siti took his eraser, then found it under the desk, and Siti forgave him.
Watch out: you can only listen once you are calm, so being patient must come first.
Pengayaan
Mei Ling menyangka Daniel tidak menghantar lembaran kerja. Rupa-rupanya lembaran itu terselit. Mei Ling meminta maaf. Apakah reaksi Daniel?
夹在 = terselit；不是故意的 = tidak sengaja
班长 Mei Ling 以为 Daniel 没交作业纸，后来发现夹在别的本子下面，她向 Daniel 道歉。Mei Ling 不是故意的，又已经道歉，Daniel 应该体谅、原谅她。骂她粗心、不跟她说话，会让小事变大；到处说她坏话，更伤害两人的友情。
例子：收作业的同学点错名，你可以笑着说：“我交了，在下面呢。”
注意：每个人都会犯错，别人诚心道歉时，接受道歉也是一种礼让。
tucked in = terselit; not on purpose = tidak sengaja
Mei Ling, the class prefect, thought Daniel had not handed in his worksheet; later it was found tucked under another exercise book, and she apologised. Since the mistake was not on purpose and she has said sorry, Daniel should be understanding and forgive her. Calling her careless and refusing to talk turns a small thing into a big one, and telling everyone she is bad harms their friendship further.
Example: if the pupil collecting work calls your name by mistake, smile and say I handed it in, it is underneath.
Watch out: everyone makes mistakes; accepting a sincere apology is also give and take.
Pengayaan
Kumpulan Siti membuat salad buah untuk kelas Pendidikan Kesihatan. Nurul alah kepada nanas. Apakah tindakan yang menunjukkan toleransi?
过敏 = alah；菠萝 = nanas；沙拉 = salad
Siti 这组要为健康教育课做水果沙拉，但 Nurul 对菠萝过敏。礼让的做法是大家商量，把菠萝换成其他水果，让每个组员都能安心吃。说“多数人喜欢就照放”，是没有体谅 Nurul 的身体状况；叫她退出小组，更是排挤同学。
例子：组里有人对虾过敏，煮炒饭时就不放虾，改放鸡蛋。
注意：体谅别人的特殊情况，比坚持自己的喜好更重要。
allergic = alah; pineapple = nanas; salad = salad
Siti's group is making a fruit salad for Health Education, but Nurul is allergic to pineapple. The tolerant way is to discuss and swap the pineapple for another fruit so every member can eat safely. Keeping it in because most people like it ignores Nurul's health, and telling her to leave the group shuts a classmate out.
Example: if a group member is allergic to prawns, the fried rice is cooked with egg instead of prawns.
Watch out: considering someone's special situation matters more than insisting on your own favourite.
Penilaian
Antara berikut, yang manakah TIDAK menunjukkan toleransi?
“不是”题 = soalan TIDAK；插队 = memotong barisan
注意这题问的是哪一个“不是”礼让。因为肚子饿就插队，是不耐烦、不守先来后到，对排了很久的同学不公平，所以它是答案。给捧着很多书的老师让路、和同学轮流玩秋千，都是体谅别人的礼让行为。
例子：再饿也排在最后面，轮到了再买。
注意：看到题目里有大写的 TIDAK，要找做错的那一个，不要选成好的行为。
NOT question = soalan TIDAK; cut the queue = memotong barisan
Notice that this question asks which action does NOT show tolerance. Cutting into the canteen queue because you are hungry is impatient and ignores first come first served, which is unfair to pupils who waited long, so that is the answer. Making way for a teacher carrying many books and taking turns on the swing are both considerate acts.
Example: however hungry you are, join the end of the line and buy when it is your turn.
Watch out: when you see TIDAK in capitals, look for the wrong action instead of choosing a good one.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
Toleransi menyatukan kita
Ikut giliran, mengalah, bertimbang rasa dan mengawal diri. Maafkan kesilapan tanpa sengaja, tetapi jika dibuli, beritahu guru.
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