Unit 13
Amalan Hidup Sederhana di Sekolah
Wong menjadi johan pertandingan mengeja. Dia berkata, “Terima kasih. Saya masih perlu banyak belajar.”
Semasa rehat, dia membeli makanan secukupnya dan menyimpan baki wang saku.
Nilai: Kesederhanaan
中庸 = Kesederhanaan；零用钱 = wang saku；冠军 = johan
这一课的价值是中庸，也就是做什么都适度、不过分。Wong 得了拼字比赛冠军，却谦虚地说自己还要多学习；休息时只买够吃的食物，把剩下的零用钱存起来。说话不骄傲、用钱不浪费，就是在学校里过“适度”的生活。
例子：口渴时买一瓶水就够了，不必一次买三瓶。
注意：中庸不是什么都不要，而是需要的就用，多余的不浪费。
moderation = Kesederhanaan; pocket money = wang saku; champion = johan
The value in this unit is moderation, which means doing things in the right amount and not overdoing them. Wong wins the spelling contest yet humbly says he still has much to learn, and at recess he buys just enough food and saves the rest of his pocket money. Speaking without pride and spending without waste is living moderately at school.
Example: when you are thirsty, one bottle of water is enough; there is no need to buy three.
Watch out: moderation does not mean having nothing; use what you need and do not waste the extra.
Konsep
Apakah itu bersikap sederhana?
Tidak berlebihan dalam pertuturan, tingkah laku dan penggunaan
Pertuturan
Tidak sombong, tidak bercakap besar.
Tingkah laku
Mengawal diri, tidak menjerit.
Penggunaan
Tidak membazir makanan, air, elektrik, wang.
Tahu batas
Fikir dahulu, ambil secukupnya.
不过头 = Tidak berlebihan；适可而止 = Tahu batas；先想一想 = Fikir dahulu
适度表现在三方面：说话方面，不骄傲、不吹牛；行为方面，控制自己、不大吼大叫；使用东西方面，不浪费食物、水、电和零用钱。要做到适度，就要知道界线在哪里，做之前先想一想“我真的需要吗”。
例子：赢了比赛说“谢谢大家”，而不是“我最厉害，你们都输了”。
注意：适度也包括情绪，开心时可以笑，但不必在课室里尖叫。
not too much = Tidak berlebihan; know when to stop = Tahu batas; think first = Fikir dahulu
Moderation shows in three areas: in speech, not boasting or talking big; in behaviour, staying in control and not shouting; and in using things, not wasting food, water, electricity or pocket money. To be moderate you need to know where the limit is and think first, asking whether you really need something.
Example: after winning, say thank you everyone instead of I am the best and you all lost.
Watch out: moderation covers feelings too; you may laugh when happy, but there is no need to scream in class.
Konsep
Ravi menang kuiz Sains. Rakan-rakan mengucapkan tahniah. Apakah jawapan Ravi yang menunjukkan sikap sederhana?
谦虚 = rendah diri；骄傲 = sombong；吹牛 = bercakap besar
Ravi 赢了科学问答比赛，同学来恭喜他。谦虚适度的回答是道谢，再称赞别人也很棒。说“当然是我赢，我最聪明”是骄傲；说“那比赛对我来说太简单”是吹牛，会让输的同学难过，也让人不想跟他做朋友。
例子：拿到全班最高分时说：“我运气好，也谢谢老师教得清楚。”
注意：可以为自己高兴，但不要用话贬低别人。
humble = rendah diri; arrogant = sombong; boast = bercakap besar
Ravi wins the science quiz and friends congratulate him. A humble, moderate reply thanks them and praises them too. Saying of course I won because I am the cleverest is arrogant, and saying the quiz was too easy for me is boasting; both upset classmates who lost and make people less keen to be his friend.
Example: after topping the class, say I was lucky, and thank you to the teacher for explaining clearly.
Watch out: you may feel glad about your success, but never use words that put others down.
Pengukuhan
Amalan sederhana di sekolah
Ambil secukupnya, guna secukupnya
Majlis sekolah
Ambil makanan secukupnya. Boleh tambah jika masih lapar.
Air dan elektrik
Tutup paip, suis kipas dan lampu.
Wang saku
Belanja keperluan, simpan bakinya.
Semasa gembira
Kawal diri, tidak menjerit.
节约 = berjimat cermat；水龙头 = paip air；电源开关 = suis
在学校实践适度有很多机会：学校办活动时，食物拿够吃的量，吃完还饿再去拿；洗完手关好水龙头；离开课室前关风扇和电灯；纸巾用一两张就够；零用钱买需要的东西，剩下的存起来；开心庆祝时也要控制自己，不尖叫、不推挤。
例子：Nurul 午休时离开课室，顺手把最后一盏灯关掉。
注意：节约不是不吃不用，读书需要的文具和食物还是要有。
save carefully = berjimat cermat; water tap = paip air; switch = suis
School gives many chances to practise moderation: at school events, take enough food and go back only if still hungry; turn off the tap after washing hands; switch off fans and lights before leaving the classroom; one or two tissues are enough; spend pocket money on needs and save the rest; and even when celebrating, stay calm instead of screaming or pushing.
Example: Nurul switches off the last light as she leaves the classroom at recess.
Watch out: saving does not mean going without; you still need the food and stationery that learning requires.
Pengukuhan
Ada jamuan Hari Guru di dewan. Bagaimanakah Nurul patut mengambil makanan?
宴会 = jamuan；浪费 = membazir
教师节在礼堂办宴会，食物是给大家一起享用的。适度的做法是先拿一点，吃完还饿再去添。一次装满一盘、吃不完就倒掉，是浪费食物；把喜欢的糕点全部包回家，后面的同学就没得吃，也不够体贴。
例子：自助餐时先拿两块糕点，吃完了再看看还想不想吃。
注意：倒掉的食物是别人辛苦准备的，拿多少就要吃多少。
party = jamuan; waste = membazir
The Teachers' Day party in the hall has food meant for everyone to share. The moderate way is to take a little first and go back for more only if still hungry. Piling a plate full and throwing away the leftovers wastes food, and wrapping up all the favourite cakes to take home leaves nothing for pupils further back in the queue.
Example: at a buffet, take two pieces of kuih first, then decide whether you want more.
Watch out: thrown-away food was prepared by someone with effort, so eat what you take.
Pengukuhan
Kebaikan bersikap sederhana
Mengapa kita perlu sederhana?
Tidak membazir
Air, elektrik dan makanan cukup untuk semua.
Ada simpanan
Wang untuk keperluan kemudian.
Disukai rakan
Orang yang rendah diri mudah berkawan.
Perasaan
Tenang, bersyukur dan bangga.
均衡 = Seimbang；感恩 = bersyukur；环境 = alam sekitar
适度的好处有：不浪费，学校的水电和食物够大家用；有储蓄，以后需要时有钱可用；保护环境，因为少浪费就少垃圾；谦虚的人容易交到朋友。生活均衡、不过分，心里会觉得平静、感恩，也为自己骄傲。
例子：Siti 存了两个月零用钱，学期末自己买了一本想看的故事书。
注意：存钱是为了“需要的时候”，不是为了跟别人比谁存得多。
balanced = Seimbang; grateful = bersyukur; environment = alam sekitar
Moderation has many benefits: nothing is wasted, so the school's water, electricity and food last for everyone; savings are ready when you need them; the environment is protected, because less waste means less rubbish; and humble people make friends easily. A balanced life without excess leaves you calm, grateful and proud of yourself.
Example: Siti saved pocket money for two months and bought a storybook she wanted at the end of term.
Watch out: saving is for when you need it, not for competing over who has saved the most.
Fikir dahulu
Siti ada RM3. Kotak pensel lamanya masih elok, tetapi dia nampak kotak pensel baharu bergambar kartun. Apakah tindakan yang sederhana?
需要和想要 = keperluan dan kehendak；先想一想 = Fikir dahulu
Siti 只有三令吉，旧笔盒还很好用。新笔盒图案虽然可爱，但她并不需要，所以先想一想，继续用旧的，把钱存起来，才是适度。看到漂亮就马上买，是用钱过头；向朋友借钱买两个，更会欠债，还要想办法还钱。
例子：铅笔还够长就继续用，短到握不住了才买新的。
注意：买东西前问一句“我真的需要吗”，就能避免浪费。
needs and wants = keperluan dan kehendak; think first = Fikir dahulu
Siti has only three ringgit and her old pencil case is still in good shape. The new one with cartoons is cute, but she does not need it, so thinking first, keeping the old one and saving the money is the moderate choice. Buying it just because it looks nice is overspending, and borrowing from a friend to buy two puts her in debt that must be repaid.
Example: keep using a pencil while it is long enough and buy a new one only when it is too short to hold.
Watch out: asking whether you really need something before buying helps you avoid waste.
Pemulihan
Padankan amalan dengan kebaikannya
做法与好处 = amalan dan kebaikan；省电 = jimat elektrik
这里把四个适度的做法和它们的好处配对：离开课室前关风扇，可以省电；洗完手关水龙头，水就不会白白流走；存一部分零用钱，以后需要时有钱用；说话谦虚，同学就喜欢和你做朋友。前三个是节约资源，最后一个是说话适度。
例子：关掉没人用的电脑屏幕，也属于省电。
注意：配对时先找相同的词，例如“风扇、开关”对“电”，“水龙头”对“水”。
habit and benefit = amalan dan kebaikan; save electricity = jimat elektrik
Here you match four moderate habits with their benefits: switching off the fan before leaving saves electricity; turning off the tap stops water flowing away for nothing; saving part of your pocket money gives you money for later needs; and speaking humbly makes classmates want to be your friends. The first three save resources and the last is about moderate speech.
Example: turning off an unused computer screen also saves electricity.
Watch out: look for linked words, such as fan and switch with electricity, or tap with water.
Pemulihan
Susun perkataan menjadi ayat yang betul.
足够的量 = secukupnya；排句子 = susun ayat
这一屏要排出一句表达适度的句子。先放主语 Saya，再放动作 mengambil makanan（拿食物），接着说拿多少 secukupnya（足够就好），最后用 supaya 说目的 tidak membazir（不浪费）。完整句子是：我拿足够的食物，以免浪费。
例子：Saya menggunakan tisu secukupnya supaya tidak membazir.
注意：secukupnya 是形容拿的量，要紧跟在“拿食物”后面，不能放在句首。
just enough = secukupnya; arrange a sentence = susun ayat
This screen asks you to build a sentence about moderation. Start with the subject Saya, add the action mengambil makanan (take food), then how much, secukupnya (just enough), and finally the purpose with supaya, tidak membazir (so nothing is wasted). The full sentence says I take just enough food so that I do not waste it.
Example: Saya menggunakan tisu secukupnya supaya tidak membazir.
Watch out: secukupnya describes the amount taken, so it must follow the action rather than open the sentence.
Pengayaan
Waktu rehat, kelas 3 Bestari kosong tetapi kipas dan lampu masih menyala. Apakah tindakan Daniel, ketua kelas?
班长 = ketua kelas；关掉 = menutup
休息时间课室没有人，风扇和电灯却还开着，这是在浪费电。Daniel 是班长，正确做法是离开前把开关关掉，回来时再打开。说“等一下就回来”而不关，空课室白白用了半小时的电；再多开风扇，更是浪费。
例子：上体育课前，最后离开的同学检查开关有没有关好。
注意：电费由学校付，省下的钱可以用来买图书和教具。
class monitor = ketua kelas; switch off = menutup
At recess the classroom is empty, yet the fans and lights are still on, which wastes electricity. Daniel, the class monitor, should switch them off before leaving and turn them on again on return. Leaving them on because we will be back soon burns half an hour of power in an empty room, and turning on more fans wastes even more.
Example: before a PE lesson, the last pupil out checks that every switch is off.
Watch out: the school pays the electricity bill, and the money saved can buy books and teaching aids.
Pengayaan
Semasa sambutan Hari Kanak-Kanak, sekumpulan murid menjerit-jerit dan berlari di dalam dewan. Apakah akibatnya?
控制行为 = mengawal tingkah laku；混乱 = kecoh
儿童节庆祝会很开心，但有几个学生在礼堂里大叫、乱跑。开心过头的后果是：会场变得吵闹混乱，大家听不到司仪讲话，跑来跑去还可能撞倒别人、有人跌倒受伤。这样做不会让活动更有秩序。
例子：想为表演欢呼时，用拍手代替尖叫。
注意：在人多的地方更要控制自己，开心也要顾到别人的安全。
control behaviour = mengawal tingkah laku; chaotic = kecoh
The Children's Day celebration is fun, but a group of pupils shout and run inside the hall. Overdoing the fun means the event becomes noisy and chaotic, nobody can hear the emcee, and running around may knock someone over so that a person falls and gets hurt. It certainly does not make the event more orderly.
Example: when you want to cheer a performance, clap instead of screaming.
Watch out: in a crowded place you must control yourself even more; enjoy yourself while keeping others safe.
Penilaian
Kavitha menjadi johan bercerita peringkat daerah. Perbuatan manakah menunjukkan dia bersikap sederhana?
讲故事比赛 = pertandingan bercerita；自大 = bangga diri
Kavitha 得了县级讲故事比赛冠军。适度的表现是：赢了以后照样有礼貌，还愿意教想学讲故事的同学。只跟得过奖的人做朋友，是看不起别人；每天拿奖杯给所有人看，是炫耀、自大。成功的人越谦虚，越受人尊敬。
例子：得奖后把奖杯交给老师放在学校的展示柜，让全校一起高兴。
注意：适度的人也会为自己的成功高兴，只是不炫耀、不看低别人。
storytelling contest = pertandingan bercerita; self-important = bangga diri
Kavitha becomes district storytelling champion. Moderate behaviour means staying polite after winning and being willing to teach friends who want to learn storytelling. Choosing only winners as friends looks down on others, and showing the trophy to everyone every day is showing off. The more humble a successful person is, the more people respect her.
Example: after winning, she lets the teacher place the trophy in the school display case so everyone can share the joy.
Watch out: a moderate person is still happy about success but does not show off or look down on others.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
Sederhana dalam semua perkara
Tidak sombong, mengawal diri, dan tidak membazir makanan, air, elektrik serta wang saku. Fikir dahulu dan ambil secukupnya.
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