Unit 6
Reka Corak
Kelab Seni sedang menghias papan kenyataan.
Mereka menggunakan kepingan poligon sekata berwarna untuk mereka corak bunga, ikan dan rama-rama.
Jom kita reka corak juga!
设计图案 = reka corak
美术社要布置布告板，他们用彩色的正多边形纸片，拼出花朵、鱼和蝴蝶的图案。这一课我们也来用三角形、正方形、五边形、六边形拼图案，还要数一数图案里每种图形用了几个。
例子：地上铺的六边形地砖，就是用正六边形拼成的图案。
注意：拼图案时，图形要边对边贴好。
designing patterns = reka corak
The Art Club is decorating the notice board. They use coloured pieces of regular polygons to make patterns of a flower, a fish and a butterfly. In this lesson we also build patterns from triangles, squares, pentagons and hexagons, and count how many of each shape a pattern uses.
Example: hexagon floor tiles laid together form a pattern made of regular hexagons.
Watch out: when building a pattern, fit the shapes together side against side.
Cara mereka
Tiga langkah mereka corak
Pilih → cantum sisi dengan sisi → warnakan
1 · pilih: 7 heksagon
2 · cantum sisi dengan sisi
3 · warnakan
2 · cantum sisi dengan sisi
3 · warnakan
设计步骤 = langkah mereka corak
第一步，决定用哪一种正多边形、要用几个；第二步，把图形一条边贴着另一条边拼起来，不能叠在一起；第三步，涂上颜色，让图案好看。图中用了 7 个正六边形，中间一个，外面一圈 6 个，像一朵花。
例子：用 4 个正方形可以拼出一个大正方形的图案。
注意：边要完全对齐，角对角，才不会歪。
steps for a design = langkah mereka corak
Step one: choose which regular polygon to use and how many. Step two: join the shapes side against side without any overlapping. Step three: colour them so the pattern looks attractive. The picture uses 7 regular hexagons, one in the middle and a ring of 6 around it, like a flower.
Example: 4 squares can make a pattern shaped like one big square.
Watch out: line up the sides exactly, corner to corner, so the pattern stays straight.
Corak bunga
Bunga daripada pentagon
Kira semua pentagon, termasuk yang di tengah
| Poligon | Bilangan |
|---|---|
| pentagon | 6 |
花朵图案 = corak bunga
这朵花用的全部是正五边形。中间一个五边形是花心，它有 5 条边，每条边外面各接一个五边形当花瓣，所以花瓣有 5 个。合起来一共 1 + 5 = 6 个五边形。统计表就写：pentagon 6。
例子：如果中间是六边形、每边接一个，就是 1 + 6 = 7 个。
注意：数的时候别漏了中间那一个。
flower pattern = corak bunga
This flower uses only regular pentagons. The pentagon in the middle is the centre; it has 5 sides, and one pentagon is joined to the outside of each side as a petal, giving 5 petals. Altogether there are 1 + 5 = 6 pentagons, so the tally table says pentagon 6.
Example: a hexagon centre with one shape on each side gives 1 + 6 = 7 shapes.
Watch out: do not forget the one in the middle when you count.
Cuba
Corak bunga ini menggunakan berapa heksagon?
数六边形 = kira heksagon
中间有 1 个六边形，它的 6 条边外面各接一个六边形，所以外圈有 6 个。一共 1 + 6 = 7 个。选 6 是只数了外圈，忘了中间；选 8 是多数了一次。
例子：中间 1 个、外圈 5 个的五边形花，一共 6 个。
注意：可以每数一个就在心里点一下，免得重复。
counting hexagons = kira heksagon
There is 1 hexagon in the middle, and one hexagon is joined to each of its 6 sides, so the outer ring has 6. Altogether there are 1 + 6 = 7. Choosing 6 counts only the ring and forgets the middle; choosing 8 counts one twice.
Example: a pentagon flower with 1 in the middle and 5 around has 6 shapes.
Watch out: tick each shape in your head as you count so none is counted twice.
Corak ikan
Ikan daripada dua jenis poligon
Heksagon untuk badan, segi tiga untuk ekor dan sirip
| Poligon | Bilangan |
|---|---|
| segi tiga | 4 |
| heksagon | 1 |
鱼图案 = corak ikan
这条鱼用了两种正多边形：鱼身是 1 个正六边形；鱼尾是 2 个三角形，接在六边形左边；上面和下面的鱼鳍又各是 1 个三角形。所以三角形一共 2 + 2 = 4 个。统计表：heksagon 1，segi tiga 4。
例子：给鱼再加一个三角形当嘴巴，三角形就变成 5 个。
注意：不同的图形要分开数，分开写在表里。
fish pattern = corak ikan
This fish uses two kinds of regular polygon. Its body is 1 regular hexagon; its tail is 2 triangles joined on the left of the hexagon; and the fins above and below are 1 triangle each. So there are 2 + 2 = 4 triangles. The tally table shows heksagon 1 and segi tiga 4.
Example: adding one more triangle as a mouth would make 5 triangles.
Watch out: count each kind of shape separately and record them on separate rows.
Cuba
Corak rama-rama ini menggunakan berapa poligon semuanya?
数全部图形 = kira semua poligon
蝴蝶用了三种图形：身体是 2 个正方形，两边翅膀是 2 个六边形，下面的小翅膀是 2 个三角形。“semuanya”是全部，所以 2 + 2 + 2 = 6 个。选 4 是漏了一种图形；选 2 是只数了一种。
例子：鱼图案 1 个六边形 + 4 个三角形 = 5 个图形。
注意：先分类数，再把每类加起来。
counting all the shapes = kira semua poligon
The butterfly uses three kinds of shape: its body is 2 squares, the big wings are 2 hexagons and the small lower wings are 2 triangles. “Semuanya” means all of them, so 2 + 2 + 2 = 6. Choosing 4 misses one kind, and choosing 2 counts only one kind.
Example: the fish pattern has 1 hexagon + 4 triangles = 5 shapes.
Watch out: count each kind first, then add the kinds together.
Makmal reka corak
Pilih satu poligon. Tekan Tambah sehingga corak siap. Ada ruang kosong atau tidak?
实验台：拼图案 = makmal reka corak；空隙 = ruang kosong
选一种正多边形，按 Tambah 就会边对边多拼一个，直到图案完成。看清楚：三角形、正方形、六边形拼起来密密的，没有空隙；五边形拼成花时，花瓣之间会留下空隙；八边形之间也有空，要用正方形补上。至少试 3 种。
例子：正六边形拼成像蜂巢一样的图案，中间没有缝。
注意：右边会显示每种图形用了几个。
lab: designing patterns = makmal reka corak; gap = ruang kosong
Choose a regular polygon and press Tambah to join one more shape side against side until the pattern is finished. Look closely: triangles, squares and hexagons fit tightly with no gaps; pentagons in a flower leave gaps between the petals; octagons leave spaces that squares must fill. Try at least 3 kinds.
Example: regular hexagons make a honeycomb pattern with no cracks in between.
Watch out: the panel on the right shows how many of each shape you used.
Apa yang kamu lihat?
Poligon manakah yang meninggalkan ruang kosong apabila dicantum?
有空隙的图形 = poligon yang meninggalkan ruang kosong
在实验台里，正方形和六边形拼起来紧紧贴着，没有缝。五边形拼成花的时候，每两片花瓣之间都有一个三角形的空隙，因为五边形的角拼不满一圈。所以答案是五边形。
例子：用五边形的饼干模压出的饼干，排在一起总会有缝。
注意：有空隙的图案也可以很漂亮，只是拼不密。
shape that leaves gaps = poligon yang meninggalkan ruang kosong
In the lab, squares and hexagons fit snugly with no cracks. When pentagons make a flower, there is a triangle-shaped gap between every two petals, because pentagon corners cannot fill a full turn. So the answer is the pentagon.
Example: pentagon-shaped biscuits placed side by side always leave gaps.
Watch out: a pattern with gaps can still look lovely; it just does not fit tightly.
Awas!
Cantum sisi dengan sisi
Jangan bertindih, jangan senget
✗ bertindih
✓ sisi dengan sisi
边对边 = sisi dengan sisi；重叠 = bertindih
左边两个五边形叠在一起，一个盖住了另一个的一部分，图案就乱了，也数不清楚。右边两个五边形一条边完全贴着一条边，两个角也对齐，这才是正确的拼法。拼好的图案整齐，也容易数出用了几个图形。
例子：贴地砖时，每块砖的边都紧贴旁边那块的边。
注意：贴之前先把两条边对准，再放下。
side against side = sisi dengan sisi; overlapping = bertindih
On the left, two pentagons overlap, one covering part of the other, so the pattern is messy and hard to count. On the right, one whole side meets one whole side and the corners line up; that is the correct way to join. A neatly joined pattern is tidy and easy to count.
Example: when laying floor tiles, each tile's edge presses right against the next tile's edge.
Watch out: line the two sides up first, then put the shape down.
Padankan
Corak dan bilangannya
配对图案 = padankan corak
先看图案用的是什么图形，再数个数。五边形花：中间 1 + 外面 5 = 6 个五边形。三角形围一圈：6 个三角形，拼成六边形。鱼：1 个六边形 + 4 个三角形。六边形花：1 + 6 = 7 个六边形。
例子：看到全是三角形的图案，就只要数三角形。
注意：鱼的图案有两种图形，两种都要写对。
matching patterns = padankan corak
First see which shape a pattern uses, then count. Pentagon flower: 1 in the middle + 5 around = 6 pentagons. A ring of triangles: 6 triangles forming a hexagon. Fish: 1 hexagon + 4 triangles. Hexagon flower: 1 + 6 = 7 hexagons.
Example: if a pattern is all triangles, you only need to count triangles.
Watch out: the fish uses two kinds of shape, and both numbers must be right.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
pilih → cantum sisi dengan sisi → warnakan
Corak boleh direka dengan poligon sekata. Kira setiap jenis poligon dan catat dalam jadual. Segi tiga, segi empat sama dan heksagon bercantum rapat; pentagon meninggalkan ruang kosong.
Latihan tambahan →