Latihan tambahan

认正方体 = kenal kubus 图里每个面都是一样大的正方形，长、宽、高都相等，这是正方体。正方体就是底面为正方形的棱柱（prisma segi empat sama）。 例子：骰子、魔术方块都是正方体。 注意：长方体的面有长有短，不是全部正方形。

naming a cube = kenal kubus Every face in the picture is a square of the same size, so length, width and height are all equal. This is a cube, the prism whose bases are squares (prisma segi empat sama). Example: a dice and a puzzle cube are both cubes. Watch out: a cuboid has some long faces and some short ones, so not every face is a square.

长方体的另一个名字 = nama lain kuboid 棱柱按底面取名。长方体的底面是长方形（segi empat tepat），所以叫 prisma segi empat tepat。prisma segi empat sama 是正方体的名字，底面是正方形。 例子：砖块是长方体，底面是长方形。 注意：tepat 是长方形，sama 是正方形，一个字不同意思就不同。

another name for a cuboid = nama lain kuboid Prisms take their names from their bases. A cuboid has rectangle bases (segi empat tepat), so it is prisma segi empat tepat. The name prisma segi empat sama belongs to the cube, whose bases are squares. Example: a brick is a cuboid with rectangle bases. Watch out: tepat means rectangle and sama means square; one word changes the meaning.

认三角棱柱 = kenal prisma segi tiga 这个立体前面和后面都是一样的三角形，中间连着长方形的侧面，没有尖顶，所以是三角棱柱。金字塔的侧面会聚到一个尖点，圆锥体则有曲面。 例子：有些巧克力的包装盒是长条三角形，就是三角棱柱。 注意：看到三角形不一定是金字塔，要看有没有两个三角形底面。

naming a triangular prism = kenal prisma segi tiga This solid has the same triangle at the front and at the back, joined by rectangle sides, with no pointed top, so it is a triangular prism. A pyramid's sides meet at one point, and a cone has a curved surface. Example: some long chocolate boxes have a triangle at each end, so they are triangular prisms. Watch out: seeing a triangle does not mean pyramid; check for two triangle bases.

生活中的长方体 = kuboid dalam kehidupan 鞋盒长长、扁扁的，面都是长方形，有的长有的短，所以是长方体。它不是正方体，因为面不是全部正方形；也不是圆柱体，因为没有弯曲的面。 例子：书本、冰箱也接近长方体。 注意：把立体跟实物配对时，先看面的形状。

cuboids in daily life = kuboid dalam kehidupan A shoe box is long and low, and its faces are rectangles of different lengths, so it is a cuboid. It is not a cube because its faces are not all squares, and not a cylinder because nothing is curved. Example: a book and a refrigerator are close to cuboids too. Watch out: when matching objects to solids, look at the shape of the faces first.

骰子的形状 = bentuk dadu 骰子的 6 个面都是一样大的正方形，所以是正方体。每一面有不同的点数，但形状大小完全相同。 例子：方糖也是小小的正方体。 注意：骰子的角有时磨圆了，但我们仍把它看成正方体。

the shape of a dice = bentuk dadu All 6 faces of a dice are squares of the same size, so it is a cube. Each face shows a different number of dots, but the faces are identical in shape and size. Example: a sugar cube is also a small cube. Watch out: dice corners are sometimes rounded, but we still treat a dice as a cube.

帐篷的形状 = bentuk khemah 露营帐篷前面的门和后面的墙都是三角形，两边斜斜的布和地面是长方形，所以是三角棱柱，一共 5 个面。 例子：三角形屋顶的小屋，屋顶部分也像三角棱柱。 注意：帐篷没有尖顶聚在一点，所以不是圆锥体或金字塔。

the shape of a tent = bentuk khemah The front door and the back wall of a camping tent are triangles, while the two sloping sides and the floor are rectangles, so it is a triangular prism with 5 faces. Example: the roof part of a small house with a triangle roof also looks like a triangular prism. Watch out: the tent has no single top point, so it is not a cone or a pyramid.

顶点的名字 = nama bucu 红点都在长方体的尖角上，是三条棱碰在一起的地方，叫顶点（bucu）。tepi 是棱，是一条线；tapak 是底面，是一整个面。 例子：书本的四个角各是一个顶点。 注意：点是 bucu，线是 tepi，面是 permukaan。

the name of a corner point = nama bucu The red dots sit on the corners of the cuboid, where three edges meet. Each one is a vertex (bucu). A tepi is an edge, which is a line, and a tapak is a base, which is a whole face. Example: each corner of a book is a vertex. Watch out: a point is a bucu, a line is a tepi and a flat area is a permukaan.

棱的名字 = nama tepi 红线是两个面相接的地方，叫棱（tepi）。顶点是一个点，平面是一大片，所以红线不是它们。 例子：盒子的折痕线就是棱。 注意：棱是直线，有长度；顶点没有长度。

the name of an edge = nama tepi The red line is where two faces meet, so it is an edge (tepi). A vertex is a single point and a flat face is a whole area, so the red line is neither of those. Example: the fold line along a box is an edge. Watch out: an edge is a straight line with length, while a vertex has no length.

数长方体的棱 = kira tepi kuboid 前面的面有 4 条棱，后面的面也有 4 条，前后之间还有 4 条连接的棱，4 + 4 + 4 = 12。8 是顶点的数目，6 是面的数目，不要搞混。 例子：正方体的棱也是 12 条。 注意：虚线画的棱藏在后面，也要算进去。

counting the edges of a cuboid = kira tepi kuboid The front face has 4 edges, the back face has 4 more, and 4 edges join front to back, so 4 + 4 + 4 = 12. 8 is the number of vertices and 6 is the number of faces, so do not mix them up. Example: a cube also has 12 edges. Watch out: edges drawn as dashed lines are hidden at the back, and they still count.

数三角棱柱的顶点 = kira bucu prisma segi tiga 前面的三角形有 3 个顶点，后面的三角形也有 3 个，3 + 3 = 6。侧面没有多出新的顶点。5 是面数，9 是棱数。 例子：正方体前后各 4 个顶点，4 + 4 = 8。 注意：数顶点只要数两个底面的角就够了。

counting vertices of a triangular prism = kira bucu prisma segi tiga The front triangle has 3 vertices and the back triangle has 3 more, so 3 + 3 = 6. The sides add no new vertices. 5 is the number of faces and 9 is the number of edges. Example: a cube has 4 vertices at the front and 4 at the back, 4 + 4 = 8. Watch out: to count a prism's vertices, counting the corners of its two bases is enough.

数三角棱柱的棱 = kira tepi prisma segi tiga 前面的三角形 3 条棱，后面的三角形 3 条，前后连接的又是 3 条，3 + 3 + 3 = 9。12 是长方体的棱数，6 是顶点数。 例子：小帐篷的骨架：门口 3 支、后面 3 支、连接的 3 支，共 9 支。 注意：连接前后的棱容易漏数。

counting edges of a triangular prism = kira tepi prisma segi tiga The front triangle has 3 edges, the back triangle has 3, and 3 edges join front to back, so 3 + 3 + 3 = 9. 12 is the cuboid's edge count and 6 is the number of vertices. Example: a small tent frame has 3 poles at the door, 3 at the back and 3 joining them, 9 poles in all. Watch out: the edges joining front and back are the easiest ones to miss.

三角棱柱的底面 = tapak prisma segi tiga 棱柱的名字就是看底面的形状，三角棱柱的两个底面是三角形。长方形是它的侧面，不是底面；圆形是圆柱体的底面。 例子：长方体的底面是长方形，所以叫 prisma segi empat tepat。 注意：侧面的数目等于底面的边数，三角形 3 条边，侧面就有 3 个。

the base of a triangular prism = tapak prisma segi tiga A prism is named after its bases, and a triangular prism has two triangle bases. The rectangles are its sides, not its bases, and circles are the bases of a cylinder. Example: a cuboid has rectangle bases, so it is called prisma segi empat tepat. Watch out: the number of side faces equals the number of sides of the base, so a triangle base gives 3 sides.

找非棱柱 = cari bukan prisma 正方体和三角棱柱都有两个一样的底面，也没有曲面，是棱柱。圆锥体的侧面是弯曲的，而且只有一个圆形底面，所以不是棱柱。 例子：雪糕筒、交通锥都是圆锥体。 注意：题目问“bukan”，要选不是棱柱的那一个。

finding the non-prism = cari bukan prisma The cube and the triangular prism both have two equal bases and no curved surface, so they are prisms. A cone has a curved side and only one circle base, so it is not a prism. Example: an ice cream cone and a traffic cone are both cones. Watch out: the question says bukan, so choose the shape that is not a prism.

球体的分类 = kelas sfera 球体整个表面都是弯曲的，没有一个平面，也没有底面、棱和顶点，所以是非棱柱。“圆圆的”或“有两个底面”都不是对的理由。 例子：弹珠、橙子都接近球体。 注意：分类时要写出理由：有曲面就不是棱柱。

classifying a sphere = kelas sfera The whole surface of a sphere is curved. It has no flat face, no base, no edge and no vertex, so it is not a prism. Being round or having two bases are not correct reasons. Example: a marble and an orange are close to spheres. Watch out: when you classify, give the reason: a curved surface means it is not a prism.