Unit 18
Bahagi Isi Padu Cecair
Sebuah baldi besar berisi 7 ℓ 500 mℓ air. Kak Mira menuang semua air itu ke dalam 3 baldi kecil dengan sama banyak.
Berapakah isi padu air dalam setiap baldi kecil?
液体体积除法 = bahagi isi padu cecair；平均分 = sama banyak
这一课学把液体平均分成几份。大桶里有 7 ℓ 500 mℓ 水，Kak Mira 把水平均倒进 3 个小桶，每桶多少，就是 7 ℓ 500 mℓ ÷ 3。先除升，升除不完的部分要换成毫升再除。
例子：1 ℓ 的水平均倒进 2 个杯子，每杯 500 mℓ。
注意：除不完的升不能丢掉，它要变成毫升继续分。
dividing liquid volume = bahagi isi padu cecair; equal shares = sama banyak
In this unit we share a liquid into equal parts. A big bucket holds 7 ℓ 500 mℓ of water, and Kak Mira pours it equally into 3 small buckets; each one gets 7 ℓ 500 mℓ ÷ 3. We divide the litres first, and any litres left over are changed into millilitres and shared too.
Example: 1 ℓ of water shared equally between 2 cups gives 500 mℓ each.
Watch out: leftover litres must not be thrown away; they become millilitres and are divided as well.
Satu unit sahaja
900 mℓ ÷ 3 · 5 ℓ ÷ 4
Jika ℓ tidak cukup, tukar kepada mℓ
mℓ
900 ÷ 3
= 300 mℓ
= 300 mℓ
ℓ → mℓ
5 000 ÷ 4
= 1 250 mℓ
= 1 250 mℓ
5 ℓ = 5 000 mℓ · 1 250 mℓ = 1 ℓ 250 mℓ · semak: 1 250 × 4 = 5 000 ✓
单位除法 = bahagi satu unit
只有毫升时用乘法表倒过来想：900 mℓ ÷ 3 = 300 mℓ，因为 300 × 3 = 900。5 ℓ ÷ 4 除不尽，就先把 5 ℓ 换成 5 000 mℓ，再算 5 000 ÷ 4 = 1 250 mℓ，也就是 1 ℓ 250 mℓ。
例子：2 ℓ ÷ 5 → 2 000 mℓ ÷ 5 = 400 mℓ。
注意：升换成毫升时乘的是 1 000，不是 100。
dividing one unit = bahagi satu unit
With only millilitres, think of the times table backwards: 900 mℓ ÷ 3 = 300 mℓ, because 300 × 3 = 900. For 5 ℓ ÷ 4, which does not share evenly in litres, change 5 ℓ into 5 000 mℓ first and then work out 5 000 ÷ 4 = 1 250 mℓ, which is 1 ℓ 250 mℓ.
Example: 2 ℓ ÷ 5 → 2 000 mℓ ÷ 5 = 400 mℓ.
Watch out: when changing litres to millilitres, multiply by 1 000, not by 100.
Tiada baki
8 ℓ 640 mℓ ÷ 4
Bahagi ℓ, kemudian bahagi mℓ
| ℓ | mℓ | |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | 160 | |
| 4) | 8 | 640 |
ℓ: 8 ÷ 4 = 2 · mℓ: 640 ÷ 4 = 160
没有余数 = tiada baki
长除法先除左边的 ℓ：8 ÷ 4 = 2，刚好除尽，没有余数。再除右边的 mℓ：640 ÷ 4 = 160（600 ÷ 4 = 150，40 ÷ 4 = 10，合起来 160）。答案 2 ℓ 160 mℓ。
例子：6 ℓ 300 mℓ ÷ 3 = 2 ℓ 100 mℓ。
注意：商要写在对应的栏上面，升的商对着升，毫升的商对着毫升。
no remainder = tiada baki
In long division, divide the litres on the left first: 8 ÷ 4 = 2 with nothing left over. Then divide the millilitres: 640 ÷ 4 = 160, since 600 ÷ 4 = 150 and 40 ÷ 4 = 10 make 160. The answer is 2 ℓ 160 mℓ.
Example: 6 ℓ 300 mℓ ÷ 3 = 2 ℓ 100 mℓ.
Watch out: write each part of the answer above its own column, litres over litres and millilitres over millilitres.
Cuba
6 ℓ 930 mℓ ÷ 3 = ?
| ℓ | mℓ | |
|---|---|---|
| ? | ? | |
| 3) | 6 | 930 |
两栏都要除 = bahagi kedua-dua lajur
ℓ：6 ÷ 3 = 2，没有余数。mℓ：930 ÷ 3 = 310。答案 2 ℓ 310 mℓ。
例子：4 ℓ 820 mℓ ÷ 2 = 2 ℓ 410 mℓ。
注意：2 ℓ 930 mℓ 只除了升，6 ℓ 310 mℓ 只除了毫升。
dividing both columns = bahagi kedua-dua lajur
Litres: 6 ÷ 3 = 2 with no remainder. Millilitres: 930 ÷ 3 = 310. The answer is 2 ℓ 310 mℓ.
Example: 4 ℓ 820 mℓ ÷ 2 = 2 ℓ 410 mℓ.
Watch out: 2 ℓ 930 mℓ divides only the litres, and 6 ℓ 310 mℓ divides only the millilitres.
Baki × 1 000
7 ℓ 500 mℓ ÷ 3
Baki liter ditukar kepada mililiter
baki 1 ℓ → 1 × 1 000 + 500 = 1 500 mℓ → 1 500 ÷ 3 = 500
余升化成毫升 = baki ℓ × 1 000
先除 ℓ：7 ÷ 3 = 2 余 1，商的 ℓ 栏写 2。余下的 1 ℓ 不能丢，1 ℓ = 1 000 mℓ，加到原来的 500 mℓ 上，变成 1 500 mℓ。再除：1 500 ÷ 3 = 500，商的 mℓ 栏写 500。答案 2 ℓ 500 mℓ。
例子：5 ℓ 200 mℓ ÷ 2 → 5 ÷ 2 = 2 余 1 → 1 200 ÷ 2 = 600 → 2 ℓ 600 mℓ。
注意：余数 1 不能直接写在 500 前面当成 1 500 就算完，要记得它来自 1 × 1 000。
changing the leftover litre = baki ℓ × 1 000
Divide the litres first: 7 ÷ 3 = 2 remainder 1, so write 2 above the litre column. The leftover litre must not be lost: 1 ℓ = 1 000 mℓ, and adding it to the 500 mℓ already there makes 1 500 mℓ. Then 1 500 ÷ 3 = 500, written above the millilitres. The answer is 2 ℓ 500 mℓ.
Example: 5 ℓ 200 mℓ ÷ 2 → 5 ÷ 2 = 2 r 1 → 1 200 ÷ 2 = 600 → 2 ℓ 600 mℓ.
Watch out: understand where the 1 500 comes from: the remainder 1 is 1 × 1 000 mℓ added to the 500 mℓ.
Cuba
9 ℓ 200 mℓ ÷ 4 = ?
| ℓ | mℓ | |
|---|---|---|
| ? | ? | |
| 4) | 9 | 200 |
余 1 升 = baki 1 ℓ
9 ÷ 4 = 2 余 1。1 ℓ = 1 000 mℓ，1 000 + 200 = 1 200 mℓ，1 200 ÷ 4 = 300。答案 2 ℓ 300 mℓ。
例子：7 ℓ 600 mℓ ÷ 2 → 7 ÷ 2 = 3 余 1 → 1 600 ÷ 2 = 800 → 3 ℓ 800 mℓ。
注意：2 ℓ 50 mℓ 是丢了余数只算 200 ÷ 4；2 ℓ 75 mℓ 是把余下的 1 ℓ 当成 100 mℓ。
a leftover litre = baki 1 ℓ
9 ÷ 4 = 2 remainder 1. 1 ℓ = 1 000 mℓ, so 1 000 + 200 = 1 200 mℓ and 1 200 ÷ 4 = 300. The answer is 2 ℓ 300 mℓ.
Example: 7 ℓ 600 mℓ ÷ 2 → 7 ÷ 2 = 3 r 1 → 1 600 ÷ 2 = 800 → 3 ℓ 800 mℓ.
Watch out: 2 ℓ 50 mℓ loses the remainder and only does 200 ÷ 4, while 2 ℓ 75 mℓ treats the leftover litre as 100 mℓ.
ℓ tidak cukup dibahagi
2 ℓ 400 mℓ ÷ 6
Hasil bahagi ℓ ialah 0
| ℓ | mℓ | |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 400 | |
| 6) | 2 | 400 |
2 ℓ 400 mℓ = 2 400 mℓ → 2 400 ÷ 6 = 400 mℓ · semak: 400 × 6 = 2 400 ✓
升不够除 = ℓ tidak cukup dibahagi
2 ÷ 6 不够除，ℓ 栏的商写 0，2 ℓ 全部变成余数。把 2 ℓ 400 mℓ 全部换成毫升：2 000 + 400 = 2 400 mℓ，再算 2 400 ÷ 6 = 400。答案 400 mℓ（0 ℓ 不用写）。
例子：3 ℓ 500 mℓ ÷ 7 → 3 500 ÷ 7 = 500 mℓ。
注意：不要因为 2 比 6 小就把 2 ℓ 丢掉，只算 400 ÷ 6。
litres too few to share = ℓ tidak cukup dibahagi
2 ÷ 6 does not go, so the litre part of the answer is 0 and all 2 ℓ become the remainder. Change everything into millilitres: 2 000 + 400 = 2 400 mℓ, then 2 400 ÷ 6 = 400. The answer is 400 mℓ, and 0 ℓ need not be written.
Example: 3 ℓ 500 mℓ ÷ 7 → 3 500 ÷ 7 = 500 mℓ.
Watch out: do not drop the 2 ℓ just because 2 is smaller than 6 and work out only 400 ÷ 6.
Cuba
Cikgu Lee ada 1 ℓ 800 mℓ gam. Dia mengisi gam itu ke dalam 6 botol kecil dengan sama banyak. Berapakah isi padu gam dalam setiap botol?
分装胶水 = isi gam ke botol kecil
6 个瓶子一样多，用除法：1 ℓ 800 mℓ ÷ 6。1 ÷ 6 不够除，全部换成 1 800 mℓ，1 800 ÷ 6 = 300。每瓶 300 mℓ。验算：300 × 6 = 1 800。
例子：1 ℓ 200 mℓ 分成 4 瓶 → 1 200 ÷ 4 = 300 mℓ。
注意：1 ℓ 300 mℓ 把 1 ℓ 照抄了，6 个瓶子加起来就太多了。
filling small bottles with glue = isi gam ke botol kecil
Six bottles with the same amount means divide: 1 ℓ 800 mℓ ÷ 6. 1 ÷ 6 does not go, so change it all to 1 800 mℓ; 1 800 ÷ 6 = 300. Each bottle holds 300 mℓ. Check: 300 × 6 = 1 800.
Example: 1 ℓ 200 mℓ shared into 4 bottles → 1 200 ÷ 4 = 300 mℓ.
Watch out: 1 ℓ 300 mℓ copies the 1 ℓ straight across, and six such bottles would hold far too much.
Semak dengan darab
2 ℓ 500 mℓ × 3
Hasil bahagi × pembahagi = isi padu asal
| ℓ | mℓ | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | ||
| 2 | 500 | |
| × | 3 | |
| 7 | 500 |
2 ℓ 500 mℓ × 3 = 7 ℓ 500 mℓ ✓ sama dengan isi padu asal
用乘法验算 = semak dengan darab
除法的答案乘回除数，应该得到原来的量。2 ℓ 500 mℓ × 3：500 × 3 = 1 500 mℓ，写 500 进 1；2 × 3 + 1 = 7。得 7 ℓ 500 mℓ，跟大桶里原来的水一样，所以答案对。
例子：1 ℓ 250 mℓ × 4 = 5 ℓ，所以 5 ℓ ÷ 4 = 1 ℓ 250 mℓ 是对的。
注意：乘回来对不上，就要回头检查余数有没有乘 1 000。
checking with multiplication = semak dengan darab
Multiplying a division answer by the divisor should give back the starting amount. 2 ℓ 500 mℓ × 3: 500 × 3 = 1 500 mℓ, so write 500 and carry 1; 2 × 3 + 1 = 7. We get 7 ℓ 500 mℓ, the same as the water in the big bucket, so the answer is right.
Example: 1 ℓ 250 mℓ × 4 = 5 ℓ, so 5 ℓ ÷ 4 = 1 ℓ 250 mℓ is correct.
Watch out: if the check does not match, go back and see whether the remainder was multiplied by 1 000.
Padankan
Hasil bahagi
配对商 = padankan hasil bahagi
4 ℓ 800 mℓ ÷ 2：4 ÷ 2 = 2，800 ÷ 2 = 400 → 2 ℓ 400 mℓ。3 ℓ ÷ 6：3 000 ÷ 6 = 500 mℓ。5 ℓ ÷ 2：5 ÷ 2 = 2 余 1，1 000 ÷ 2 = 500 → 2 ℓ 500 mℓ。6 ℓ 300 mℓ ÷ 3：6 ÷ 3 = 2，300 ÷ 3 = 100 → 2 ℓ 100 mℓ。
例子：1 ℓ ÷ 4 = 250 mℓ。
注意：2 ℓ 500 mℓ 和 2 ℓ 400 mℓ 很像，配对前先算清楚。
matching quotients = padankan hasil bahagi
4 ℓ 800 mℓ ÷ 2: 4 ÷ 2 = 2 and 800 ÷ 2 = 400 → 2 ℓ 400 mℓ. 3 ℓ ÷ 6: 3 000 ÷ 6 = 500 mℓ. 5 ℓ ÷ 2: 5 ÷ 2 = 2 r 1 and 1 000 ÷ 2 = 500 → 2 ℓ 500 mℓ. 6 ℓ 300 mℓ ÷ 3: 6 ÷ 3 = 2 and 300 ÷ 3 = 100 → 2 ℓ 100 mℓ.
Example: 1 ℓ ÷ 4 = 250 mℓ.
Watch out: 2 ℓ 500 mℓ and 2 ℓ 400 mℓ look alike, so work each one out before matching.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
bahagi ℓ → baki × 1 000 + mℓ → bahagi lagi
Bahagi ℓ dahulu. Tukar baki ℓ kepada mℓ (× 1 000) dan tambah mℓ. Bahagi lagi, kemudian semak dengan darab.
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