Unit 15
Cabar Minda
Aina mahu menyediakan 2 ℓ air limau untuk kelasnya. Dia sudah menuang air ke dalam bikar ini.
Berapa mℓ air lagi perlu dituang supaya isi padunya tepat 2 ℓ?
挑战题 = cabar minda；量杯 = bikar；补足 = cukupkan
这是一道动脑题。Aina 要准备刚好 2 ℓ 的柠檬水，她已经把一些水倒进量杯。我们要先看懂量杯上的刻度，知道里面已经有多少，再算还差多少才到 2 ℓ。做法分三步：读刻度、把单位换成一样、再算差额。
例子：杯里已有 1 800 mℓ，还差 200 mℓ 就到 2 000 mℓ。
注意：题目说“tepat 2 ℓ”，表示不多也不少，刚好 2 ℓ。
brain teaser = cabar minda; beaker = bikar; top up = cukupkan
This is a thinking puzzle. Aina wants exactly 2 ℓ of lime drink and has already poured some water into a beaker. We must read the scale on the beaker to see how much is already there, then work out how much more is needed to reach 2 ℓ. There are three steps: read the scale, make the units the same, then find the difference.
Example: with 1 800 mℓ already in the beaker, 200 mℓ more reaches 2 000 mℓ.
Watch out: tepat 2 ℓ means exactly 2 ℓ, no more and no less.
Langkah 1
Baca senggatan
Berapakah air dalam bikar sekarang?
500 ÷ 5 = 100 mℓ setiap ruang · 1 000 + 4 × 100 = 1 400 mℓ
读刻度 = baca senggatan；每小格 = setiap ruang kecil
第一步先读出量杯里有多少水。先看两个数字之间分成几小格：0 到 500 有 5 格，500 ÷ 5 = 100，每格 100 mℓ。红色箭头指着的水面在 1 000 上面第 4 格，所以是 1 000 + 400 = 1 400 mℓ。
例子：水面在 500 上面第 2 格，就是 700 mℓ。
注意：不是每个量杯每格都是 100 mℓ，一定要先算一格的值。
reading the scale = baca senggatan; each small space = setiap ruang kecil
Step one is to read how much water is in the beaker. First see how many small spaces lie between two numbers: from 0 to 500 there are 5, and 500 ÷ 5 = 100, so each space is 100 mℓ. The water level at the red arrow is 4 spaces above 1 000, giving 1 000 + 400 = 1 400 mℓ.
Example: a level 2 spaces above 500 reads 700 mℓ.
Watch out: not every beaker uses 100 mℓ per space, so always work out the value of one space first.
Langkah 1 · Cuba
Bikar Badrul pula seperti ini. Berapakah bacaannya?
另一种分度 = senggatan lain
这个量杯 0 到 500 之间只有 2 格，500 ÷ 2 = 250，所以每格 250 mℓ。水面在 1 000 上面 1 格：1 000 + 250 = 1 250 mℓ。
例子：同一个量杯，水面在 500 上面 1 格，就是 750 mℓ。
注意：1 100 mℓ 是把每格当成 100 mℓ，没有先算一格的值。
a different scale = senggatan lain
This beaker has only 2 spaces between 0 and 500, and 500 ÷ 2 = 250, so each space is 250 mℓ. The water is 1 space above 1 000: 1 000 + 250 = 1 250 mℓ.
Example: on the same beaker, a level 1 space above 500 reads 750 mℓ.
Watch out: 1 100 mℓ treats each space as 100 mℓ without first working out what one space is worth.
Langkah 2 dan 3
Tukar unit, kemudian kira
2 ℓ = 2 000 mℓ
2 ℓ = 2 000 mℓ · 2 000 − 1 400 = 600 mℓ
Kira ke atas: 1 400 → 1 500 (+100) → 2 000 (+500) · Semak: 1 400 + 600 = 2 000 ✓
先换单位再算 = tukar unit dahulu
目标是 2 ℓ，量杯读数是 mℓ，单位不一样不能直接减，所以先把 2 ℓ 化成 2 000 mℓ。然后算差：2 000 − 1 400 = 600 mℓ。也可以往上数：1 400 到 1 500 差 100，1 500 到 2 000 差 500，一共 600。最后验算 1 400 + 600 = 2 000，刚好 2 ℓ。
例子：要 1 ℓ，杯里有 700 mℓ → 1 000 − 700 = 300 mℓ。
注意：没换单位就算 2 − 1 400，是不可能的，答案也没有意义。
change the unit first = tukar unit dahulu
The goal is in litres but the beaker reads in millilitres, and different units cannot be subtracted directly, so first change 2 ℓ into 2 000 mℓ. Then find the gap: 2 000 − 1 400 = 600 mℓ. You can also count up: from 1 400 to 1 500 is 100 and from 1 500 to 2 000 is 500, which makes 600. Finally check 1 400 + 600 = 2 000, exactly 2 ℓ.
Example: to make 1 ℓ when the cup holds 700 mℓ → 1 000 − 700 = 300 mℓ.
Watch out: trying 2 − 1 400 without changing the unit makes no sense at all.
Langkah 3 · Cuba
Bikar Badrul ada 1 250 mℓ air. Berapa mℓ lagi perlu dituang supaya cukup 2 ℓ?
求差额 = cari beza
2 ℓ = 2 000 mℓ。2 000 − 1 250 = 750 mℓ。往上数也可以：1 250 到 1 500 差 250，1 500 到 2 000 差 500，250 + 500 = 750。验算：1 250 + 750 = 2 000。
例子：杯里 1 600 mℓ，要 2 ℓ → 还差 400 mℓ。
注意：3 250 mℓ 是把两个数加起来，倒进去就超过 2 ℓ 了。
finding the gap = cari beza
2 ℓ = 2 000 mℓ, and 2 000 − 1 250 = 750 mℓ. Counting up also works: 1 250 to 1 500 is 250 and 1 500 to 2 000 is 500, and 250 + 500 = 750. Check: 1 250 + 750 = 2 000.
Example: a cup holding 1 600 mℓ needs 400 mℓ more to reach 2 ℓ.
Watch out: 3 250 mℓ adds the two numbers, which would overflow far past 2 ℓ.
Semak
Berapa lagi hingga 2 ℓ?
配对补足的量 = padankan isi padu tambahan
每一对加起来都要等于 2 000 mℓ。1 800 + 200 = 2 000；1 100 + 900 = 2 000；650 + 1 350 = 2 000，1 350 mℓ 也就是 1 ℓ 350 mℓ；1 950 + 50 = 2 000。用加法来对，最快也最准。
例子：1 300 mℓ 要再加 700 mℓ 才到 2 ℓ。
注意：水很少时，差额可能超过 1 000 mℓ，要写成 ℓ 和 mℓ。
matching the top-up = padankan isi padu tambahan
Each pair must add up to 2 000 mℓ. 1 800 + 200 = 2 000; 1 100 + 900 = 2 000; 650 + 1 350 = 2 000, and 1 350 mℓ is the same as 1 ℓ 350 mℓ; 1 950 + 50 = 2 000. Checking with addition is quick and reliable.
Example: 1 300 mℓ needs another 700 mℓ to reach 2 ℓ.
Watch out: when there is very little water, the gap can be more than 1 000 mℓ and is written in ℓ and mℓ.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
baca → tukar unit → kira → semak
Cari nilai satu ruang dan baca senggatan. Tukar 2 ℓ kepada 2 000 mℓ. Tolak atau kira ke atas. Semak dengan tambah.
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