Unit 14
Tambah Isi Padu Cecair
Di gerai pasar malam, Pak Din menyediakan 3 ℓ 650 mℓ air sirap dan 2 ℓ 800 mℓ air jagung.
Berapakah jumlah isi padu kedua-dua minuman itu?
液体体积加法 = tambah isi padu cecair；总量 = jumlah isi padu
这一课学把两个或三个液体体积加起来。夜市摊的 Pak Din 准备了 3 ℓ 650 mℓ 玫瑰露和 2 ℓ 800 mℓ 玉米汁，问一共有多少，就要相加。加的时候 ℓ 跟 ℓ 加，mℓ 跟 mℓ 加，mℓ 满 1 000 就换成 1 ℓ。
例子：一瓶 1 ℓ 的水加一瓶 500 mℓ 的水，一共 1 ℓ 500 mℓ。
注意：液体体积是满一千进一，跟时间的六十、长度的一百都不一样。
adding liquid volume = tambah isi padu cecair; total volume = jumlah isi padu
In this unit we add two or three liquid volumes. At the night-market stall Pak Din prepares 3 ℓ 650 mℓ of rose syrup and 2 ℓ 800 mℓ of corn drink; to find how much there is altogether, we add. Litres go with litres and millilitres with millilitres, and every 1 000 mℓ becomes 1 ℓ.
Example: a 1 ℓ bottle of water plus a 500 mℓ bottle makes 1 ℓ 500 mℓ altogether.
Watch out: liquid volume regroups at one thousand, unlike time at sixty or length at one hundred.
Satu unit sahaja
450 mℓ + 380 mℓ · 12 ℓ + 9 ℓ
Tambah seperti nombor biasa
| mℓ | |
|---|---|
| 450 | |
| + | 380 |
| 830 |
| ℓ | |
|---|---|
| 12 | |
| + | 9 |
| 21 |
同一个单位 = unit yang sama
两个量的单位一样时，就像平常的加法。450 + 380：个位 0 + 0 = 0，十位 5 + 8 = 13 写 3 进 1，百位 1 + 4 + 3 = 8，得 830 mℓ。12 + 9 = 21，得 21 ℓ。答案后面一定要写单位。
例子：250 mℓ + 125 mℓ = 375 mℓ；6 ℓ + 15 ℓ = 21 ℓ。
注意：830 mℓ 还没满 1 000，所以不用换成升。
the same unit = unit yang sama
When both amounts use the same unit, add them like ordinary numbers. For 450 + 380: ones 0 + 0 = 0, tens 5 + 8 = 13 so write 3 and carry 1, hundreds 1 + 4 + 3 = 8, giving 830 mℓ. For 12 + 9 = 21 we get 21 ℓ. Always write the unit after the answer.
Example: 250 mℓ + 125 mℓ = 375 mℓ; 6 ℓ + 15 ℓ = 21 ℓ.
Watch out: 830 mℓ has not reached 1 000, so it stays in millilitres.
Bentuk lazim
2 ℓ 300 mℓ + 4 ℓ 250 mℓ
ℓ di bawah ℓ, mℓ di bawah mℓ
| ℓ | mℓ | |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | 300 | |
| + | 4 | 250 |
| 6 | 550 |
mℓ dahulu: 300 + 250 = 550 · ℓ: 2 + 4 = 6
分栏竖式 = bentuk lazim berlajur
竖式分成两栏：左边 ℓ，右边 mℓ，中间有一条线隔开。先加右边的 mℓ：300 + 250 = 550，没有满 1 000，直接写。再加左边的 ℓ：2 + 4 = 6。答案 6 ℓ 550 mℓ。
例子：1 ℓ 120 mℓ + 3 ℓ 400 mℓ → mℓ 520，ℓ 4 → 4 ℓ 520 mℓ。
注意：mℓ 栏的数要靠右对齐，个位对个位，三位数才不会排错。
columns with a dividing line = bentuk lazim berlajur
The column sum has two parts, litres on the left and millilitres on the right, with a line between them. Add the millilitres on the right first: 300 + 250 = 550, which is under 1 000, so write it down. Then add the litres: 2 + 4 = 6. The answer is 6 ℓ 550 mℓ.
Example: 1 ℓ 120 mℓ + 3 ℓ 400 mℓ → 520 mℓ and 4 ℓ → 4 ℓ 520 mℓ.
Watch out: line up the millilitre numbers on the right, ones under ones, so three-digit numbers sit in the correct places.
Cuba
5 ℓ 420 mℓ + 3 ℓ 375 mℓ = ?
| ℓ | mℓ | |
|---|---|---|
| 5 | 420 | |
| + | 3 | 375 |
| ? | ? |
不进位的分栏加法 = tambah tanpa kumpul semula
mℓ：420 + 375 = 795，不满 1 000，直接写 795。ℓ：5 + 3 = 8。答案 8 ℓ 795 mℓ。
例子：2 ℓ 105 mℓ + 1 ℓ 640 mℓ = 3 ℓ 745 mℓ。
注意：795 没有满 1 000，ℓ 栏不能多加 1，所以 9 ℓ 795 mℓ 不对。
adding in columns with no regrouping = tambah tanpa kumpul semula
Millilitres: 420 + 375 = 795, under 1 000, so write 795. Litres: 5 + 3 = 8. The answer is 8 ℓ 795 mℓ.
Example: 2 ℓ 105 mℓ + 1 ℓ 640 mℓ = 3 ℓ 745 mℓ.
Watch out: 795 has not reached 1 000, so no extra 1 goes into the litres, which rules out 9 ℓ 795 mℓ.
Kumpul semula
3 ℓ 650 mℓ + 2 ℓ 800 mℓ
mℓ cukup 1 000 → tolak 1 000, bawa 1 ℓ
1 450 mℓ = 1 000 mℓ + 450 mℓ = 1 ℓ 450 mℓ → tulis 450, bawa 1
满千进一 = kumpul semula 1 000 mℓ
先加 mℓ：650 + 800 = 1 450 mℓ。1 450 超过 1 000，而 1 000 mℓ 就是 1 ℓ，所以减去 1 000，剩 450 写在 mℓ 栏，再把 1 进到 ℓ 栏。接着加 ℓ：进上来的 1 + 3 + 2 = 6。答案 6 ℓ 450 mℓ。
例子：1 ℓ 700 mℓ + 1 ℓ 500 mℓ → 700 + 500 = 1 200 → 写 200 进 1 → 3 ℓ 200 mℓ。
注意：写成 5 ℓ 1 450 mℓ 是没整理好的答案，mℓ 栏的数一定要小于 1 000。
regrouping a thousand = kumpul semula 1 000 mℓ
Add the millilitres first: 650 + 800 = 1 450 mℓ. That is more than 1 000, and 1 000 mℓ is 1 ℓ, so take away 1 000, write the remaining 450 in the millilitre column and carry 1 into the litre column. Then add the litres: the carried 1 + 3 + 2 = 6. The total is 6 ℓ 450 mℓ.
Example: 1 ℓ 700 mℓ + 1 ℓ 500 mℓ → 700 + 500 = 1 200 → write 200, carry 1 → 3 ℓ 200 mℓ.
Watch out: 5 ℓ 1 450 mℓ is an untidy answer; the millilitre column must end up below 1 000.
Cuba
4 ℓ 780 mℓ + 1 ℓ 560 mℓ = ?
| ℓ | mℓ | |
|---|---|---|
| 4 | 780 | |
| + | 1 | 560 |
| ? | ? |
检查满 1 000 = semak cukup 1 000
mℓ：780 + 560 = 1 340，超过 1 000，1 340 − 1 000 = 340，写 340，进 1。ℓ：1 + 4 + 1 = 6。答案 6 ℓ 340 mℓ。
例子：2 ℓ 900 mℓ + 300 mℓ → 900 + 300 = 1 200 → 3 ℓ 200 mℓ。
注意：5 ℓ 340 mℓ 是减了 1 000 却忘了把 1 加进 ℓ 栏。
checking for 1 000 = semak cukup 1 000
Millilitres: 780 + 560 = 1 340, more than 1 000, so 1 340 − 1 000 = 340 is written and 1 is carried. Litres: 1 + 4 + 1 = 6. The answer is 6 ℓ 340 mℓ.
Example: 2 ℓ 900 mℓ + 300 mℓ → 900 + 300 = 1 200 → 3 ℓ 200 mℓ.
Watch out: 5 ℓ 340 mℓ takes the 1 000 away but never adds the 1 to the litres.
Tiga isi padu
1 ℓ 250 mℓ + 2 ℓ 600 mℓ + 850 mℓ
Tambah ketiga-tiga mℓ sekali gus
| ℓ | mℓ | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | ||
| 1 | 250 | |
| 2 | 600 | |
| + | 850 | |
| 4 | 700 |
250 + 600 + 850 = 1 700 mℓ → 1 700 − 1 000 = 700, bawa 1
三个量相加 = tambah tiga isi padu
三个量一起写进竖式。850 mℓ 没有升，ℓ 栏空着。先加 mℓ：250 + 600 + 850 = 1 700，减去 1 000 剩 700，写 700，进 1 ℓ。再加 ℓ：1 + 1 + 2 = 4。答案 4 ℓ 700 mℓ。
例子：500 mℓ + 1 ℓ 200 mℓ + 2 ℓ 100 mℓ → mℓ 800，ℓ 3 → 3 ℓ 800 mℓ。
注意：进上来的 1 要记在 ℓ 栏上方，三个数一加很容易漏掉它。
adding three amounts = tambah tiga isi padu
All three amounts go into the column sum. 850 mℓ has no litres, so its litre box stays empty. Add the millilitres: 250 + 600 + 850 = 1 700; take away 1 000 to leave 700, write 700 and carry 1 ℓ. Add the litres: 1 + 1 + 2 = 4. The answer is 4 ℓ 700 mℓ.
Example: 500 mℓ + 1 ℓ 200 mℓ + 2 ℓ 100 mℓ → 800 mℓ and 3 ℓ → 3 ℓ 800 mℓ.
Watch out: write the carried 1 above the litre column, because with three rows it is easy to forget.
Cuba
Ibu memasukkan 1 ℓ 500 mℓ air dan 750 mℓ santan ke dalam periuk. Berapakah jumlah isi padu cecair dalam periuk?
| ℓ | mℓ | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 500 | |
| + | 750 | |
| ? | ? |
煮汤的总量 = jumlah dalam periuk
水和椰浆都倒进锅里，求总量就相加。mℓ：500 + 750 = 1 250，写 250，进 1。ℓ：1 + 1 = 2。答案 2 ℓ 250 mℓ。
例子：1 ℓ 300 mℓ 的汤加 800 mℓ 的水 → 2 ℓ 100 mℓ。
注意：9 ℓ 是把 750 的 7 和 1 ℓ 500 的 1、5 乱加起来，单位全不对。
the total in the pot = jumlah dalam periuk
Both the water and the coconut milk go into the pot, so add them. Millilitres: 500 + 750 = 1 250, write 250 and carry 1. Litres: 1 + 1 = 2. The answer is 2 ℓ 250 mℓ.
Example: 1 ℓ 300 mℓ of soup plus 800 mℓ of water → 2 ℓ 100 mℓ.
Watch out: 9 ℓ comes from adding stray digits together without keeping each unit in its own column.
Jawapan dalam mℓ
1 ℓ 200 mℓ + 900 mℓ = ? mℓ
Tukar kepada mℓ, kemudian tambah
Cara 1
1 200 mℓ + 900 mℓ
= 2 100 mℓ
= 2 100 mℓ
Cara 2
2 ℓ 100 mℓ
= 2 100 mℓ
= 2 100 mℓ
答案用毫升 = jawapan dalam mℓ
题目要毫升，就有两种做法。第一种：先把 1 ℓ 200 mℓ 化成 1 200 mℓ，再算 1 200 + 900 = 2 100 mℓ。第二种：先用竖式算出 2 ℓ 100 mℓ，再化成 2 000 + 100 = 2 100 mℓ。两种答案一样。
例子：2 ℓ 50 mℓ + 300 mℓ → 2 050 + 300 = 2 350 mℓ。
注意：看清楚题目要哪个单位，答对数字却写错单位也不算对。
an answer in millilitres = jawapan dalam mℓ
When the question wants millilitres, there are two ways. One: change 1 ℓ 200 mℓ into 1 200 mℓ first, then 1 200 + 900 = 2 100 mℓ. Two: add in columns to get 2 ℓ 100 mℓ, then change it to 2 000 + 100 = 2 100 mℓ. Both give the same answer.
Example: 2 ℓ 50 mℓ + 300 mℓ → 2 050 + 300 = 2 350 mℓ.
Watch out: check which unit the question asks for; the right number with the wrong unit is still marked wrong.
Padankan
Jumlah isi padu
配对总量 = padankan jumlah
600 + 400 = 1 000 mℓ，刚好 1 ℓ。500 + 500 = 1 000 mℓ 进 1，ℓ：1 + 2 + 2 = 5，所以是 5 ℓ。700 + 450 = 1 150，写 150 进 1，ℓ 1 + 1 = 2 → 2 ℓ 150 mℓ。3 ℓ 加 80 mℓ 没有进位，就是 3 ℓ 80 mℓ。
例子：250 mℓ + 750 mℓ = 1 000 mℓ = 1 ℓ。
注意：mℓ 刚好 1 000 时，答案只剩整数的升。
matching totals = padankan jumlah
600 + 400 = 1 000 mℓ, exactly 1 ℓ. 500 + 500 = 1 000 mℓ carries 1, and the litres are 1 + 2 + 2 = 5, so the total is 5 ℓ. 700 + 450 = 1 150, so write 150 and carry 1, giving 1 + 1 = 2 litres → 2 ℓ 150 mℓ. 3 ℓ plus 80 mℓ needs no carry and is 3 ℓ 80 mℓ.
Example: 250 mℓ + 750 mℓ = 1 000 mℓ = 1 ℓ.
Watch out: when the millilitres make exactly 1 000, only whole litres are left.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
mℓ dahulu → cukup 1 000, tolak 1 000 → bawa 1 ℓ
Susun ℓ di bawah ℓ, mℓ di bawah mℓ. Tambah mℓ dahulu. Jika 1 000 atau lebih, tolak 1 000 dan bawa 1 ke lajur ℓ.
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