Unit 13
Tukar Unit Isi Padu Cecair
Siti membawa sebotol air 1 ℓ 500 mℓ ke sekolah. Botol adiknya pula 750 mℓ.
Bagaimanakah kita menulis 1 ℓ 500 mℓ dalam mℓ sahaja?
液体体积 = isi padu cecair；升 = liter（ℓ）；毫升 = mililiter（mℓ）
这一课学液体体积的两个单位怎样互相换。Siti 的水瓶写着 1 ℓ 500 mℓ，妹妹的瓶子写 750 mℓ，单位不一样就不好比较，所以要先学会把升化成毫升，或把毫升化成升和毫升。
例子：一大瓶食油 2 ℓ，一小瓶眼药水只有 10 mℓ。
注意：升和毫升之间是一千的关系，不是十，也不是一百。
liquid volume = isi padu cecair; litre = liter (ℓ); millilitre = mililiter (mℓ)
This unit is about changing between the two units of liquid volume. Siti's bottle says 1 ℓ 500 mℓ while her sister's says 750 mℓ; with different units they are hard to compare, so we learn to turn litres into millilitres and millilitres back into litres and millilitres.
Example: a big bottle of cooking oil holds 2 ℓ, while a bottle of eye drops holds only 10 mℓ.
Watch out: litres and millilitres are linked by one thousand, not by ten or a hundred.
Dua unit
ℓ dan mℓ
Unit untuk isi padu cecair
liter · ℓ
isi padu banyak
baldi, tangki, botol besar
baldi, tangki, botol besar
mililiter · mℓ
isi padu sedikit
sudu ubat, cawan, kotak jus
sudu ubat, cawan, kotak jus
Sudu ubat ≈ 5 mℓ · Kotak jus ≈ 250 mℓ · Baldi ≈ 10 ℓ
单位符号 = simbol unit；ℓ 读 liter，mℓ 读 mililiter
量很多的液体用升（ℓ），像一桶水、一大瓶饮料；量很少的液体用毫升（mℓ），像一匙药水、一小盒果汁。写的时候数字和单位之间空一格，例如 3 ℓ、250 mℓ。
例子：一匙药水大约 5 mℓ；一个水桶大约 10 ℓ。
注意：mℓ 前面的 m 不能漏掉，漏了 250 mℓ 就变成 250 ℓ，差了很多。
unit symbol = simbol unit; ℓ is read as liter and mℓ as mililiter
Large amounts of liquid, such as a bucket of water or a big drinks bottle, are measured in litres (ℓ). Small amounts, such as a spoon of medicine or a small juice box, are measured in millilitres (mℓ). Leave a space between the number and the unit, as in 3 ℓ or 250 mℓ.
Example: a spoon of medicine is about 5 mℓ; a bucket holds about 10 ℓ.
Watch out: do not drop the m in mℓ, or 250 mℓ turns into 250 ℓ, which is far too much.
1 ℓ = 1 000 mℓ
Sebotol 1 ℓ dituang ke cawan
Setiap cawan 100 mℓ
10 × 100 mℓ = 1 000 mℓ → 1 ℓ = 1 000 mℓ
一千毫升 = seribu mililiter
把 1 ℓ 的一瓶水倒进小杯子，每个杯子装 100 mℓ，刚好倒满 10 杯。10 个 100 mℓ 就是 1 000 mℓ，所以 1 ℓ 和 1 000 mℓ 一样多。这是这一课最重要的一条：1 ℓ = 1 000 mℓ。
例子：两瓶 1 ℓ 的水可以倒满 20 个 100 mℓ 的杯子，也就是 2 000 mℓ。
注意：长度是 1 m = 100 cm，液体体积是 1 ℓ = 1 000 mℓ，两个不要混在一起。
one thousand millilitres = seribu mililiter
Pour a 1 ℓ bottle of water into small cups that each hold 100 mℓ, and it fills exactly 10 cups. Ten lots of 100 mℓ make 1 000 mℓ, so 1 ℓ and 1 000 mℓ are the same amount. This is the key fact of the unit: 1 ℓ = 1 000 mℓ.
Example: two 1 ℓ bottles fill 20 cups of 100 mℓ, which is 2 000 mℓ.
Watch out: length uses 1 m = 100 cm, but liquid volume uses 1 ℓ = 1 000 mℓ; keep the two apart.
Tuang dan baca isi padu
Tekan Tuang 250 mℓ. Perhatikan paras air dan bacaan pada bikar.
烧杯 = bikar；倒入 = tuang；水位 = paras air
实验台每按一次会倒入 250 mℓ，蓝色水位上升到相应刻度。你要完成三个目标并读出刻度；达到 1 000 mℓ 时，画面也会显示它等于 1 ℓ。可以清空后重新尝试。
例子：按三次表示 250 + 250 + 250 = 750 mℓ。
注意：刻度从下往上增大，读数要看水面所在的水平线。
beaker = bikar; pour = tuang; water level = paras air
Each press pours 250 mℓ in the lab, and the blue water level rises to the matching scale mark. Complete three target levels and read the scale. At 1 000 mℓ the display also connects the reading with 1 ℓ. You can empty the beaker and try again.
Example: three presses represent 250 + 250 + 250 = 750 mℓ.
Watch out: the scale values increase upwards, and the reading is taken at the horizontal water surface.
Semak makmal
Berapa kali perlu ditekan untuk menuang 750 mℓ?
按几次 = berapa kali ditekan；每次 = setiap kali
题目说明每按一次倒入 250 mℓ，要你判断水位达到 750 mℓ 需要按几次。可以用重复加法或在实验台逐次观察水位，但抽屉不直接给出选项答案。
例子：先列出 250、500、750 的累积过程，再数用了几个步骤。
注意：不要把目标 750 当成按钮次数；次数是重复加入相同容量的步数。
how many presses = berapa kali ditekan; each time = setiap kali
The question says that every press pours 250 mℓ and asks how many presses are needed to reach 750 mℓ. Use repeated addition or watch the water rise one step at a time in the lab, but do not confuse the target volume with the number of presses.
Example: list the cumulative levels 250, 500 and 750, then count the steps taken.
Watch out: the number of presses counts equal pouring actions, not the number written on the target.
ℓ → mℓ
3 ℓ = ? mℓ
Darab bilangan liter dengan 1 000
| ℓ | mℓ |
|---|---|
| 1 ℓ | 1 000 mℓ |
| 3 ℓ | 3 000 mℓ |
| 5 ℓ | 5 000 mℓ |
| 10 ℓ | 10 000 mℓ |
3 ℓ = 3 × 1 000 mℓ = 3 000 mℓ
升化成毫升 = tukar ℓ kepada mℓ；乘 1 000 = darab 1 000
每 1 ℓ 是 1 000 mℓ，所以几升就有几个 1 000 mℓ。3 ℓ = 3 × 1 000 = 3 000 mℓ。乘 1 000 的时候，可以在数字后面添三个 0：5 ℓ 变 5 000 mℓ，10 ℓ 变 10 000 mℓ。
例子：4 ℓ 的油 = 4 000 mℓ；8 ℓ 的水 = 8 000 mℓ。
注意：只添两个 0 写成 300 mℓ，就是把 1 ℓ 当成 100 mℓ 了。
litres to millilitres = tukar ℓ kepada mℓ; multiply by 1 000 = darab 1 000
Every litre is 1 000 mℓ, so a number of litres is that many thousands of millilitres. 3 ℓ = 3 × 1 000 = 3 000 mℓ. Multiplying by 1 000 just adds three zeros to the number: 5 ℓ becomes 5 000 mℓ and 10 ℓ becomes 10 000 mℓ.
Example: 4 ℓ of oil = 4 000 mℓ; 8 ℓ of water = 8 000 mℓ.
Watch out: adding only two zeros to make 300 mℓ treats 1 ℓ as if it were 100 mℓ.
Cuba
6 ℓ = ? mℓ
六升 = enam liter
6 ℓ 就是 6 个 1 ℓ，每个 1 ℓ 有 1 000 mℓ，所以 6 × 1 000 = 6 000 mℓ。在 6 的后面添三个 0 就对了。
例子：9 ℓ = 9 000 mℓ；2 ℓ = 2 000 mℓ。
注意：600 mℓ 是乘了 100，60 mℓ 是乘了 10，都把升和毫升的关系记错了。
six litres = enam liter
6 ℓ is six lots of 1 ℓ, and each litre holds 1 000 mℓ, so 6 × 1 000 = 6 000 mℓ. Writing three zeros after the 6 gives the right answer.
Example: 9 ℓ = 9 000 mℓ; 2 ℓ = 2 000 mℓ.
Watch out: 600 mℓ multiplies by 100 and 60 mℓ multiplies by 10; both forget that a litre is a thousand millilitres.
ℓ dan mℓ → mℓ
2 ℓ 350 mℓ = ? mℓ
Tukar ℓ dahulu, kemudian tambah mℓ
2 ℓ 350 mℓ = 2 000 mℓ + 350 mℓ = 2 350 mℓ
| ℓ dan mℓ | mℓ sahaja |
|---|---|
| 2 ℓ 350 mℓ | 2 350 mℓ |
| 2 ℓ 35 mℓ | 2 035 mℓ |
| 2 ℓ 5 mℓ | 2 005 mℓ |
复名数化成毫升 = tukar ℓ dan mℓ kepada mℓ
先把升化成毫升：2 ℓ = 2 000 mℓ，再加上原来的 350 mℓ，得 2 350 mℓ。如果毫升只有两位或一位，就要补 0 占住位置：2 ℓ 35 mℓ = 2 035 mℓ，2 ℓ 5 mℓ = 2 005 mℓ，因为 2 000 + 35 = 2 035，2 000 + 5 = 2 005。
例子：1 ℓ 80 mℓ = 1 080 mℓ；3 ℓ 7 mℓ = 3 007 mℓ。
注意：2 ℓ 5 mℓ 写成 25 mℓ 或 205 mℓ 都是漏了 0。
litres and millilitres into millilitres = tukar ℓ dan mℓ kepada mℓ
First change the litres: 2 ℓ = 2 000 mℓ, then add the 350 mℓ that was already there to get 2 350 mℓ. When the millilitres have only two digits or one digit, zeros must hold the empty places: 2 ℓ 35 mℓ = 2 035 mℓ and 2 ℓ 5 mℓ = 2 005 mℓ, because 2 000 + 35 = 2 035 and 2 000 + 5 = 2 005.
Example: 1 ℓ 80 mℓ = 1 080 mℓ; 3 ℓ 7 mℓ = 3 007 mℓ.
Watch out: writing 2 ℓ 5 mℓ as 25 mℓ or 205 mℓ leaves out the zeros.
Cuba
4 ℓ 65 mℓ = ? mℓ
补零 = tulis sifar
4 ℓ = 4 000 mℓ，再加 65 mℓ：4 000 + 65 = 4 065 mℓ。65 只有两位，所以百位要写 0。
例子：6 ℓ 20 mℓ = 6 020 mℓ；1 ℓ 99 mℓ = 1 099 mℓ。
注意：465 mℓ 是直接把数字接起来；4 650 mℓ 是把 65 当成 650。
writing a zero = tulis sifar
4 ℓ = 4 000 mℓ; add the 65 mℓ: 4 000 + 65 = 4 065 mℓ. Since 65 has only two digits, a zero goes in the hundreds place.
Example: 6 ℓ 20 mℓ = 6 020 mℓ; 1 ℓ 99 mℓ = 1 099 mℓ.
Watch out: 465 mℓ simply sticks the digits together, and 4 650 mℓ wrongly turns 65 into 650.
mℓ → ℓ dan mℓ
4 600 mℓ = ?
Asingkan ribu mℓ
4 600 mℓ = 4 000 mℓ + 600 mℓ
= 4 ℓ 600 mℓ
7 000 mℓ = 7 ℓ · 3 040 mℓ = 3 ℓ 40 mℓ
毫升化成升和毫升 = tukar mℓ kepada ℓ dan mℓ
把毫升分成“整千”和“剩下的”两部分。4 600 mℓ = 4 000 mℓ + 600 mℓ；4 000 mℓ 除以 1 000 就是 4 ℓ，剩下 600 mℓ 照写。答案 4 ℓ 600 mℓ。没有剩下的就只写升：7 000 mℓ = 7 ℓ。
例子：3 040 mℓ = 3 000 + 40 → 3 ℓ 40 mℓ。
注意：千位上的数字才是升，后面三位全部是毫升。
millilitres into litres and millilitres = tukar mℓ kepada ℓ dan mℓ
Split the millilitres into whole thousands and what is left. 4 600 mℓ = 4 000 mℓ + 600 mℓ; 4 000 mℓ divided by 1 000 is 4 ℓ, and the 600 mℓ stays as it is. The answer is 4 ℓ 600 mℓ. If nothing is left over, write only litres: 7 000 mℓ = 7 ℓ.
Example: 3 040 mℓ = 3 000 + 40 → 3 ℓ 40 mℓ.
Watch out: only the thousands digit becomes litres; the last three digits are all millilitres.
Cuba
5 080 mℓ = ?
拆出整千 = asingkan ribu
5 080 mℓ = 5 000 mℓ + 80 mℓ。5 000 mℓ = 5 ℓ，剩 80 mℓ。答案 5 ℓ 80 mℓ。
例子：2 090 mℓ = 2 ℓ 90 mℓ；8 300 mℓ = 8 ℓ 300 mℓ。
注意：5 ℓ 800 mℓ 是看错了位置，080 里的 8 在十位，是 80 不是 800。
splitting off the thousands = asingkan ribu
5 080 mℓ = 5 000 mℓ + 80 mℓ. 5 000 mℓ is 5 ℓ, with 80 mℓ left, so the answer is 5 ℓ 80 mℓ.
Example: 2 090 mℓ = 2 ℓ 90 mℓ; 8 300 mℓ = 8 ℓ 300 mℓ.
Watch out: 5 ℓ 800 mℓ misreads the places; in 080 the 8 is in the tens, so it means 80, not 800.
Baca senggatan
Berapakah isi padu air ini?
Cari nilai setiap ruang kecil dahulu
500 ÷ 5 ruang = 100 mℓ satu ruang · 1 000 + 300 = 1 300 mℓ = 1 ℓ 300 mℓ
刻度 = senggatan；读数 = bacaan；量筒 = silinder penyukat
读量筒先找一小格代表多少：0 到 500 之间有 5 小格，500 ÷ 5 = 100，所以每格 100 mℓ。水面（红色箭头）在 1 000 上面第 3 格，1 000 + 300 = 1 300 mℓ，也就是 1 ℓ 300 mℓ。
例子：如果 0 到 500 之间有 10 小格，每格就是 50 mℓ。
注意：眼睛要跟水面平着看，不要从上面斜着看。
scale marks = senggatan; reading = bacaan; measuring cylinder = silinder penyukat
To read a measuring cylinder, first find what one small space is worth: between 0 and 500 there are 5 spaces, and 500 ÷ 5 = 100, so each space is 100 mℓ. The water level (red arrow) is 3 spaces above 1 000, so 1 000 + 300 = 1 300 mℓ, which is 1 ℓ 300 mℓ.
Example: if there were 10 spaces between 0 and 500, each space would be 50 mℓ.
Watch out: keep your eyes level with the water, not looking down from above.
Padankan
Isi padu yang sama
配对相等的量 = padankan isi padu sama
8 ℓ = 8 × 1 000 = 8 000 mℓ。1 ℓ 250 mℓ = 1 000 + 250 = 1 250 mℓ。3 ℓ 9 mℓ = 3 000 + 9 = 3 009 mℓ，中间两个 0 不能少。6 400 mℓ 拆成 6 000 + 400，就是 6 ℓ 400 mℓ。
例子：2 ℓ 2 mℓ = 2 002 mℓ。
注意：3 009 和 3 090 看起来很像，要一位一位看清楚。
matching equal amounts = padankan isi padu sama
8 ℓ = 8 × 1 000 = 8 000 mℓ. 1 ℓ 250 mℓ = 1 000 + 250 = 1 250 mℓ. 3 ℓ 9 mℓ = 3 000 + 9 = 3 009 mℓ, and neither of the two middle zeros can be left out. 6 400 mℓ splits into 6 000 + 400, which is 6 ℓ 400 mℓ.
Example: 2 ℓ 2 mℓ = 2 002 mℓ.
Watch out: 3 009 and 3 090 look alike, so check the digits one place at a time.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
1 ℓ = 1 000 mℓ
ℓ → mℓ: darab 1 000, tambah mℓ, tulis sifar jika perlu. mℓ → ℓ dan mℓ: asingkan ribu.
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