Unit 11
Cabar Minda
Di sebelah kiri penimbang ada 3 tin susu. Jisim setiap tin ialah 400 g.
Pemberat yang ada: 1 kg, 500 g, 500 g, 200 g, 100 g, 100 g.
Pemberat manakah perlu diletakkan di sebelah kanan supaya penimbang seimbang?
配平 = menyeimbangkan；一组砝码 = set pemberat
这一课的天平左盘放了 3 罐一样重的牛奶，每罐 400 g。我们手上有 1 kg、两个 500 g、200 g、两个 100 g 共六个砝码，要挑出几个放在右盘，让天平刚好平衡。先想清楚左边一共多重，再去凑右边。
例子：左边 300 g，右边放 200 g + 100 g 就平衡了。
注意：不用把六个砝码全放上去，只挑需要的。
balancing = menyeimbangkan; set of weights = set pemberat
In this unit the left pan holds 3 identical tins of milk at 400 g each. We have six weights to choose from: 1 kg, two 500 g, one 200 g and two 100 g. We must pick some of them for the right pan so that the scale is exactly level. First work out the total on the left, then build that total on the right.
Example: if the left side is 300 g, putting 200 g + 100 g on the right makes it level.
Watch out: there is no need to use all six weights; choose only the ones you need.
Langkah 1
Jumlah jisim sebelah kiri
3 tin × 400 g
400 g + 400 g + 400 g = 3 × 400 g = 1 200 g = 1 kg 200 g
先算左边 = kira sebelah kiri dahulu
三罐一样重的东西，可以连加 400 + 400 + 400，也可以用乘法 3 × 400，都是 1 200 g。1 200 g 等于 1 kg 200 g。要让天平平衡，右盘的砝码加起来也要刚好 1 200 g，不能多也不能少。
例子：4 个 250 g 的苹果 = 4 × 250 = 1 000 g = 1 kg。
注意：3 × 400 是 1 200，不是 120 或 12 000，数一数有几个 0。
work out the left side first = kira sebelah kiri dahulu
Three tins of the same mass can be added as 400 + 400 + 400 or multiplied as 3 × 400; both give 1 200 g, which equals 1 kg 200 g. For the scale to balance, the weights in the right pan must also add up to exactly 1 200 g, no more and no less.
Example: 4 apples of 250 g each = 4 × 250 = 1 000 g = 1 kg.
Watch out: 3 × 400 is 1 200, not 120 or 12 000, so count the zeros carefully.
Cuba
Jika kita letak 1 kg sahaja di sebelah kanan, apakah yang berlaku?
1 200 g ? 1 kg
比一比 = bandingkan
左边三罐是 1 200 g，右边只放 1 kg，也就是 1 000 g。1 200 g 比 1 000 g 重 200 g，所以罐子那边会沉下去，天平还没平衡。还差 200 g。
例子：左边 600 g，右边 500 g，左边下沉，差 100 g。
注意：1 kg 看起来数字小，但它是 1 000 g，要先换单位再比较。
compare = bandingkan
The three tins on the left weigh 1 200 g, while 1 kg on the right is only 1 000 g. 1 200 g is 200 g heavier than 1 000 g, so the tins' side goes down and the scale is not level yet; 200 g is still missing.
Example: 600 g on the left against 500 g on the right makes the left drop, with 100 g missing.
Watch out: 1 kg looks like a small number but it means 1 000 g, so change the unit before comparing.
Langkah 2
Pilih pemberat: 1 kg + 200 g
Cari pemberat yang jumlahnya 1 200 g
1 kg + 200 g = 1 000 g + 200 g = 1 200 g ✓ seimbang
凑整法 = cara genapkan
先拿最大的 1 kg，也就是 1 000 g，离 1 200 g 还差 200 g；刚好有一个 200 g 的砝码，放上去就是 1 000 + 200 = 1 200 g，天平平衡。从大的砝码开始挑，再补小的，比较快找到答案。
例子：要凑 700 g，先拿 500 g，还差 200 g，再拿 200 g。
注意：砝码有 kg 也有 g，加之前要统一成 g。
building up the total = cara genapkan
Start with the biggest weight, 1 kg, which is 1 000 g; that is 200 g short of 1 200 g. There is a 200 g weight, so adding it gives 1 000 + 200 = 1 200 g and the scale balances. Choosing from the biggest weight down and then filling the gap with small ones finds an answer quickly.
Example: to make 700 g, take 500 g first, then 200 g for the 200 g still needed.
Watch out: the weights are in kg and in g, so change them all into grams before adding.
Cara lain
Gabungan pemberat manakah juga menjadikan penimbang seimbang?
1 kg500 g500 g200 g100 g100 g
不止一种答案 = lebih daripada satu cara
把每个组合加起来跟 1 200 g 比：500 + 500 + 200 = 1 200，平衡；1 kg + 100 g = 1 100，还差 100；500 + 500 + 100 = 1 100，也差 100。还有其他配法，例如 1 kg + 100 g + 100 g，或 500 g + 500 g + 100 g + 100 g，也都是 1 200 g。
例子：凑 1 000 g 可以用 1 kg，也可以用 500 g + 500 g。
注意：每个砝码只能用一次，题目只给两个 500 g。
more than one way = lebih daripada satu cara
Add each set and compare it with 1 200 g: 500 + 500 + 200 = 1 200, level; 1 kg + 100 g = 1 100, 100 short; 500 + 500 + 100 = 1 100, also 100 short. Other sets work too, such as 1 kg + 100 g + 100 g or 500 g + 500 g + 100 g + 100 g, all making 1 200 g.
Example: 1 000 g can be made with 1 kg or with 500 g + 500 g.
Watch out: each weight can be used only once, and there are only two 500 g weights.
Padankan
Pemberat yang seimbang
等量代换 = sama jisim, ganti pemberat
先乘出左边：2 × 350 = 700 g，配 500 g + 200 g；4 × 250 = 1 000 g，配 1 kg；3 × 500 = 1 500 g，配 1 kg + 500 g；2 × 550 = 1 100 g，配 1 kg + 100 g。两边的克数一样，天平就平衡。
例子：5 × 200 g = 1 000 g，可以用一个 1 kg 砝码代替。
注意：先算出左边的总克数，再去找右边，不要只看一个物品的质量。
equal mass, swapped for weights = sama jisim, ganti pemberat
Multiply to find each left side first: 2 × 350 = 700 g matches 500 g + 200 g; 4 × 250 = 1 000 g matches 1 kg; 3 × 500 = 1 500 g matches 1 kg + 500 g; 2 × 550 = 1 100 g matches 1 kg + 100 g. When both sides have the same number of grams, the scale is level.
Example: 5 × 200 g = 1 000 g, which one 1 kg weight can replace.
Watch out: work out the total grams on the left before searching on the right, rather than looking at the mass of just one item.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
jumlah kiri = jumlah kanan
Kira jumlah sebelah kiri: 3 × 400 g = 1 200 g. Pilih pemberat yang jumlahnya 1 200 g, contohnya 1 kg + 200 g atau 500 g + 500 g + 200 g.
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