Unit 9
Cabar Minda
Ada sebuah kotak hadiah. Kita mahu tahu jisimnya dengan tiga penimbang.
A: kotak dan 500 g — sebelah kotak turun.
B: kotak dan 500 g + 200 g + 100 g — sebelah pemberat turun.
C: kotak + 250 g dan 1 kg — seimbang.
Berapakah jisim kotak hadiah itu?
天平 = penimbang；砝码 = pemberat；平衡 = seimbang
这一课是推理题：不用秤直接称，而是看三架天平怎样倾斜，推出礼物盒有多重。天平 A 和 B 告诉我们盒子比哪个重、比哪个轻；天平 C 是平衡的，可以算出确切的质量。最后还要把答案放回三架天平检查。
例子：跷跷板上，重的人那一边会沉下去，天平也一样。
注意：先一架一架看清楚，不要一下子把所有数字加在一起。
balance scale = penimbang; weight = pemberat; balanced = seimbang
This unit is a reasoning puzzle. Instead of putting the gift box on a scale with numbers, we look at how three balance scales tip and work out how heavy the box is. Scales A and B tell us what the box is heavier or lighter than; scale C is level, so it gives the exact mass. At the end we put the answer back into all three scales to check.
Example: on a seesaw the heavier child's side goes down, and a balance scale works the same way.
Watch out: read one scale at a time instead of adding every number together at once.
Penimbang A
Sebelah yang turun lebih berat
Kotak dan pemberat 500 g
Sebelah kotak turun → kotak lebih berat daripada 500 g
下沉的一边比较重 = sebelah yang turun lebih berat
天平 A 左盘放礼物盒，右盘放 500 g 砝码。左边沉下去、右边翘起来，表示左边比较重，所以盒子比 500 g 重。但是重多少，从这一架天平还看不出来，可能是 600 g，也可能是 900 g。
例子：一边放书包，一边放 1 kg 砝码，书包那边下沉，书包就超过 1 kg。
注意：翘起来的一边比较轻，不要看反了。
the side that goes down is heavier = sebelah yang turun lebih berat
Scale A has the gift box in the left pan and a 500 g weight in the right pan. The left side drops and the right side rises, so the left side is heavier and the box weighs more than 500 g. This scale alone cannot tell us by how much; the box could be 600 g or 900 g.
Example: a school bag on one side and a 1 kg weight on the other; if the bag's side drops, the bag is more than 1 kg.
Watch out: the side that rises is the lighter one, so do not read it the other way round.
Penimbang B
Sebelah pemberat turun. Apakah yang betul?
先加砝码 = jumlahkan pemberat dahulu
天平 B 右盘有三个砝码：500 g + 200 g + 100 g = 800 g。这次是砝码那边沉下去，盒子那边翘起来，所以盒子比较轻，盒子少于 800 g。
例子：一边是 300 g + 300 g，另一边是一个苹果，苹果那边翘起来，苹果就不到 600 g。
注意：如果只看 500 g 那个砝码，会漏掉 200 g 和 100 g，判断就错了。
add up the weights first = jumlahkan pemberat dahulu
Scale B has three weights in the right pan: 500 g + 200 g + 100 g = 800 g. This time the weights' side drops and the box's side rises, so the box is lighter and weighs less than 800 g.
Example: if one side holds 300 g + 300 g and an apple on the other side rises, the apple is under 600 g.
Watch out: looking only at the 500 g weight and missing the 200 g and 100 g leads to the wrong conclusion.
Gabungkan A dan B
Jisim kotak yang manakah mungkin?
500 g < kotak < 800 g
范围 = julat；在两者之间 = antara
把两架天平合起来看：A 说盒子比 500 g 重，B 说盒子比 800 g 轻，所以盒子的质量在 500 g 和 800 g 之间。650 g 符合。450 g 太轻，跟 A 不合；850 g 太重，跟 B 不合。
例子：一个数比 10 大又比 20 小，可能是 15，不可能是 8 或 25。
注意：这一步只能找出范围，确切的质量要看天平 C。
range = julat; in between = antara
Put the two scales together: A says the box is heavier than 500 g and B says it is lighter than 800 g, so its mass lies between 500 g and 800 g. 650 g fits. 450 g is too light and goes against A; 850 g is too heavy and goes against B.
Example: a number bigger than 10 and smaller than 20 could be 15, but not 8 or 25.
Watch out: this step only gives a range; scale C is needed for the exact mass.
Penimbang C
kotak + 250 g = 1 kg
Seimbang bermaksud jisim kedua-dua sebelah sama
kotak + 250 g = 1 000 g → kotak = 1 000 g − 250 g = 750 g
平衡就是相等 = seimbang bermaksud sama berat
天平 C 左盘是盒子加 250 g，右盘是 1 kg。一开始只放左边，左边沉下去；右边放上 1 kg 后，天平变平了，表示两边一样重：盒子 + 250 g = 1 000 g。要找盒子，就从 1 000 g 里拿走 250 g：1 000 − 250 = 750，盒子是 750 g。
例子：杯子 + 100 g 跟 400 g 平衡，杯子就是 400 − 100 = 300 g。
注意：1 kg 要先换成 1 000 g 才能跟 250 g 相减。
level means equal = seimbang bermaksud sama berat
Scale C has the box plus 250 g in the left pan and 1 kg in the right pan. With only the left pan filled, the left side drops; once 1 kg goes on the right, the beam becomes level, which means both sides weigh the same: box + 250 g = 1 000 g. To find the box, take 250 g away from 1 000 g: 1 000 − 250 = 750, so the box is 750 g.
Example: if a cup + 100 g balances 400 g, the cup is 400 − 100 = 300 g.
Watch out: change 1 kg into 1 000 g before subtracting the 250 g.
Semak
Semak dengan setiap penimbang
验算 = semak；符合 = memenuhi
把 750 g 放回每一架天平：A 盒子那边下沉，750 > 500，对；B 砝码那边下沉，750 < 800，对；C 平衡，750 + 250 = 1 000，对。1 kg 就是 1 000 g。三架天平都符合，所以盒子是 750 g。
例子：如果算出盒子是 850 g，放回天平 B 就会是盒子那边下沉，跟图不合，就知道错了。
注意：答案一定要每一架天平都符合才算对。
checking = semak; fits = memenuhi
Put 750 g back into every scale: in A the box's side drops and 750 > 500, true; in B the weights' side drops and 750 < 800, true; C is level and 750 + 250 = 1 000, true. The 1 kg weight is 1 000 g. All three scales agree, so the box is 750 g.
Example: if we had worked out 850 g, scale B would have the box's side dropping, which does not match the picture, so we would know it was wrong.
Watch out: an answer only counts as correct when it fits every scale.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
turun = lebih berat · seimbang = sama berat
Baca setiap penimbang. A dan B memberi julat 500 g hingga 800 g. C seimbang: kotak + 250 g = 1 000 g, jadi kotak 750 g. Semak dengan semua penimbang.
Kembali ke Panjang, Jisim dan Isi Padu Cecair →