Unit 7
Tambah Jisim
Di gerai buah, Puan Lim membeli durian 2 kg 650 g dan manggis 1 kg 580 g.
Berapakah jumlah jisim buah-buahan itu?
质量加法 = tambah jisim；总质量 = jumlah jisim
这一课学把两个或三个质量加起来。Lim 太太在水果摊买了 2 kg 650 g 榴梿和 1 kg 580 g 山竹，要知道一共多重，就把两个质量相加。加的时候公斤对公斤，克对克。
例子：一袋 300 g 的花生加一袋 200 g 的花生，一共 500 g。
注意：克加起来满 1 000 g 才换成 1 kg，不是满 100。
adding mass = tambah jisim; total mass = jumlah jisim
In this unit we add two or three masses. Puan Lim buys 2 kg 650 g of durian and 1 kg 580 g of mangosteen; to find how heavy they are altogether, we add the two masses, keeping kilograms with kilograms and grams with grams.
Example: a 300 g bag of peanuts and a 200 g bag of peanuts make 500 g in total.
Watch out: grams change into 1 kg only when they reach 1 000 g, not 100.
Unit yang sama
345 g + 420 g · 12 kg + 25 kg
Tambah seperti nombor biasa, tulis unitnya
| g | |
|---|---|
| 345 | |
| + | 420 |
| 765 |
| kg | |
|---|---|
| 12 | |
| + | 25 |
| 37 |
同单位相加 = tambah unit yang sama
两个质量的单位一样时，就像普通加法一样列竖式，个位对个位、十位对十位：345 + 420 = 765，答案写 765 g。12 kg + 25 kg = 37 kg。算完一定要把单位写上。
例子：208 g + 590 g = 798 g；40 kg + 16 kg = 56 kg。
注意：只写 765 没有单位，别人不知道是 765 g 还是 765 kg。
adding the same unit = tambah unit yang sama
When both masses use the same unit, set out the sum like an ordinary addition with ones under ones and tens under tens: 345 + 420 = 765, so the answer is 765 g. Likewise 12 kg + 25 kg = 37 kg. Always write the unit after the number.
Example: 208 g + 590 g = 798 g; 40 kg + 16 kg = 56 kg.
Watch out: writing just 765 with no unit leaves people guessing whether it is 765 g or 765 kg.
Bentuk lazim
3 kg 250 g + 2 kg 410 g
kg di bawah kg, g di bawah g
| kg | g | |
|---|---|---|
| 3 | 250 | |
| + | 2 | 410 |
| 5 | 660 |
g dahulu: 250 + 410 = 660 · kg: 3 + 2 = 5
分栏竖式 = bentuk lazim dua lajur
有公斤又有克时，竖式分成两栏：左栏写 kg，右栏写 g，中间一条竖线把它们隔开。先加右边的克：250 + 410 = 660，没有满 1 000，直接写 660。再加左边的公斤：3 + 2 = 5。答案 5 kg 660 g。
例子：1 kg 125 g + 6 kg 300 g → 125 + 300 = 425 → 1 + 6 = 7 → 7 kg 425 g。
注意：克的数字一定写在 g 栏，别把 250 写进 kg 栏。
column form = bentuk lazim dua lajur
With kilograms and grams, the sum has two columns: kg on the left and g on the right, with a line between them. Add the grams on the right first: 250 + 410 = 660, which is under 1 000, so just write 660. Then add the kilograms: 3 + 2 = 5. The answer is 5 kg 660 g.
Example: 1 kg 125 g + 6 kg 300 g → 125 + 300 = 425 → 1 + 6 = 7 → 7 kg 425 g.
Watch out: gram numbers always go in the g column; never put 250 in the kg column.
Cuba
4 kg 320 g + 1 kg 455 g = ?
| kg | g | |
|---|---|---|
| 4 | 320 | |
| + | 1 | 455 |
| ? | ? |
不进位的加法 = tambah tanpa kumpul semula
克栏：320 + 455 = 775，不满 1 000，不用进位。公斤栏：4 + 1 = 5。答案 5 kg 775 g。
例子：2 kg 610 g + 3 kg 205 g = 5 kg 815 g。
注意：6 kg 775 g 是多进了 1，克没满 1 000 就不能进位。
adding without regrouping = tambah tanpa kumpul semula
Gram column: 320 + 455 = 775, which is under 1 000, so nothing is carried. Kilogram column: 4 + 1 = 5. The answer is 5 kg 775 g.
Example: 2 kg 610 g + 3 kg 205 g = 5 kg 815 g.
Watch out: 6 kg 775 g carries an extra 1 even though the grams did not reach 1 000.
Kumpul semula
2 kg 650 g + 1 kg 580 g
Gram cukup 1 000 → 1 kg
1 230 g = 1 kg 230 g → tulis 230, bawa 1 ke lajur kg
满千进一 = kumpul semula 1 000 g
先加克：650 + 580 = 1 230 g，已经超过 1 000 g。1 000 g 就是 1 kg，所以从 1 230 里拿走 1 000，克栏写剩下的 230，把 1 进到公斤栏。再加公斤：进来的 1 + 2 + 1 = 4。答案 4 kg 230 g，就是 Lim 太太买的水果总质量。
例子：1 kg 700 g + 2 kg 500 g → 700 + 500 = 1 200 → 写 200 进 1 → 1 + 1 + 2 = 4 → 4 kg 200 g。
注意：满 1 000 才进 1，像 1 230 这样不能写在克栏里。
regrouping 1 000 g = kumpul semula 1 000 g
Add the grams first: 650 + 580 = 1 230 g, which is more than 1 000 g. Since 1 000 g is 1 kg, take 1 000 away from 1 230, write the 230 that is left in the gram column and carry 1 to the kilogram column. Then add the kilograms: the carried 1 + 2 + 1 = 4. The answer is 4 kg 230 g, the total mass of Puan Lim's fruit.
Example: 1 kg 700 g + 2 kg 500 g → 700 + 500 = 1 200 → write 200, carry 1 → 1 + 1 + 2 = 4 → 4 kg 200 g.
Watch out: carry only when the grams reach 1 000, and a number like 1 230 must never stay in the gram column.
Cuba
3 kg 760 g + 2 kg 485 g = ?
| kg | g | |
|---|---|---|
| 3 | 760 | |
| + | 2 | 485 |
| ? | ? |
克满千要进位 = gram cukup 1 000
克栏：760 + 485 = 1 245，满 1 000，写 245，进 1。公斤栏：1 + 3 + 2 = 6。答案 6 kg 245 g。
例子：4 kg 900 g + 1 kg 300 g → 900 + 300 = 1 200 → 写 200 进 1 → 6 kg 200 g。
注意：5 kg 245 g 忘了加进位的 1；5 kg 1 245 g 没有把 1 000 g 换成 1 kg。
grams reaching a thousand = gram cukup 1 000
Gram column: 760 + 485 = 1 245, which reaches 1 000, so write 245 and carry 1. Kilogram column: 1 + 3 + 2 = 6. The answer is 6 kg 245 g.
Example: 4 kg 900 g + 1 kg 300 g → 900 + 300 = 1 200 → write 200, carry 1 → 6 kg 200 g.
Watch out: 5 kg 245 g forgets the carried 1, and 5 kg 1 245 g never turns 1 000 g into 1 kg.
Tiga jisim
1 kg 450 g + 2 kg 300 g + 750 g
Lajur kg yang kosong dianggap 0
| kg | g | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | ||
| 1 | 450 | |
| 2 | 300 | |
| + | 750 | |
| 4 | 500 |
450 + 300 + 750 = 1 500 → tulis 500, bawa 1 · 1 + 1 + 2 = 4
三个质量相加 = tambah tiga jisim
第三个质量 750 g 没有公斤，公斤栏空着当作 0。先加三个克：450 + 300 + 750 = 1 500，满 1 000，写 500，进 1 到公斤栏。再加公斤：1 + 1 + 2 = 4。答案 4 kg 500 g。
例子：600 g + 1 kg 200 g + 2 kg 400 g → 600 + 200 + 400 = 1 200 → 写 200 进 1 → 1 + 1 + 2 = 4 → 4 kg 200 g。
注意：三个数连加时，进位的那个 1 最容易漏掉，算公斤前先看一眼进位。
adding three masses = tambah tiga jisim
The third mass, 750 g, has no kilograms, so its kilogram space is empty and counts as 0. Add the three gram amounts first: 450 + 300 + 750 = 1 500, which reaches 1 000, so write 500 and carry 1 to the kilograms. Then add the kilograms: 1 + 1 + 2 = 4. The answer is 4 kg 500 g.
Example: 600 g + 1 kg 200 g + 2 kg 400 g → 600 + 200 + 400 = 1 200 → write 200, carry 1 → 1 + 1 + 2 = 4 → 4 kg 200 g.
Watch out: with three numbers the carried 1 is the easiest thing to forget, so look at it before adding the kilograms.
Cuba
12 kg + 8 kg 600 g + 5 kg 750 g = ?
| kg | g | |
|---|---|---|
| 12 | ||
| 8 | 600 | |
| + | 5 | 750 |
| ? | ? |
整公斤加复名数 = kg bulat tambah kg dan g
12 kg 没有克，克栏当 0。克：0 + 600 + 750 = 1 350，写 350，进 1。公斤：1 + 12 + 8 + 5 = 26。答案 26 kg 350 g。
例子：10 kg + 2 kg 800 g + 3 kg 400 g → 800 + 400 = 1 200 → 写 200 进 1 → 16 kg 200 g。
注意：25 kg 350 g 漏掉了进位的 1。
whole kilograms plus kg and g = kg bulat tambah kg dan g
12 kg has no grams, so its gram space counts as 0. Grams: 0 + 600 + 750 = 1 350, write 350 and carry 1. Kilograms: 1 + 12 + 8 + 5 = 26. The answer is 26 kg 350 g.
Example: 10 kg + 2 kg 800 g + 3 kg 400 g → 800 + 400 = 1 200 → write 200, carry 1 → 16 kg 200 g.
Watch out: 25 kg 350 g leaves out the carried 1.
Jawapan dalam unit diminta
650 g + 850 g = ? kg ? g
Baca soalan: unit apakah yang diminta?
| g | |
|---|---|
| 650 | |
| + | 850 |
| 1 500 |
1 500 g = 1 000 g + 500 g = 1 kg 500 g
按要求写单位 = jawapan dalam unit yang diminta
两个克相加：650 + 850 = 1 500 g。题目要的是 kg 和 g，就要再换一次：1 500 g 拆成 1 000 g 和 500 g，答案写 1 kg 500 g。如果题目只要 g，就写 1 500 g。
例子：900 g + 400 g = 1 300 g = 1 kg 300 g。
注意：算出来以后再读一次题目，看清楚要哪一种单位。
giving the answer in the unit asked = jawapan dalam unit yang diminta
Adding the grams gives 650 + 850 = 1 500 g. If the question wants kilograms and grams, change it once more: 1 500 g splits into 1 000 g and 500 g, so write 1 kg 500 g. If the question wants grams only, write 1 500 g.
Example: 900 g + 400 g = 1 300 g = 1 kg 300 g.
Watch out: after working out the sum, read the question again to see which unit it wants.
Cuba
Sepeket kerepek pisang 750 g dan sekotak biskut 600 g. Berapakah jumlah jisimnya dalam kg dan g?
零食的总质量 = jumlah jisim makanan ringan
750 g + 600 g = 1 350 g。题目要 kg 和 g，1 350 g = 1 000 g + 350 g = 1 kg 350 g。
例子：一包 500 g 的饼干加一包 800 g 的饼干 = 1 300 g = 1 kg 300 g。
注意：13 kg 50 g 是用 100 来换的，质量要用 1 000。
total mass of the snacks = jumlah jisim makanan ringan
750 g + 600 g = 1 350 g. The question asks for kg and g, and 1 350 g = 1 000 g + 350 g = 1 kg 350 g.
Example: a 500 g packet of biscuits and an 800 g packet make 1 300 g = 1 kg 300 g.
Watch out: 13 kg 50 g comes from changing with 100, but mass changes with 1 000.
Padankan
Jumlah jisim
配对总质量 = padankan jumlah jisim
400 + 600 = 1 000 g，刚好 1 kg。1 kg 300 g + 900 g：300 + 900 = 1 200 → 写 200 进 1 → 2 kg 200 g。2 kg 550 g + 2 kg 550 g：550 + 550 = 1 100 → 写 100 进 1 → 2 + 2 + 1 = 5 → 5 kg 100 g。35 + 27 = 62 kg。
例子：250 g + 750 g = 1 000 g = 1 kg。
注意：克刚好 1 000 时，克栏写 0，答案可以只写 1 kg。
matching total masses = padankan jumlah jisim
400 + 600 = 1 000 g, exactly 1 kg. 1 kg 300 g + 900 g: 300 + 900 = 1 200 → write 200, carry 1 → 2 kg 200 g. 2 kg 550 g + 2 kg 550 g: 550 + 550 = 1 100 → write 100, carry 1 → 2 + 2 + 1 = 5 → 5 kg 100 g. 35 + 27 = 62 kg.
Example: 250 g + 750 g = 1 000 g = 1 kg.
Watch out: when the grams make exactly 1 000, the gram column shows 0 and the answer can be written as just 1 kg.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
g dahulu → kumpul semula 1 000 g → kg
Susun kg di bawah kg, g di bawah g. Tambah gram dahulu; 1 000 g jadi 1 kg. Beri jawapan dalam unit yang diminta.
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