Unit 6
Tukar Unit Jisim
Ibu membeli 2 kg beras pulut dan 1 kg 350 g ikan kembung.
Berapakah jisim setiap barang dalam gram?
质量 = jisim；公斤 = kilogram (kg)；克 = gram (g)
这一课学公斤和克的互换。妈妈买了 2 kg 糯米和 1 kg 350 g 甘望鱼，要把它们都写成克，就要先知道 1 公斤等于多少克。重的东西常用 kg，轻的东西常用 g。
例子：一包糖 1 kg，一包饼干 200 g。
注意：质量的进率是 1 000，跟长度的 100 不一样。
mass = jisim; kilogram = kilogram (kg); gram = gram (g)
In this unit we change between kilograms and grams. Mother buys 2 kg of glutinous rice and 1 kg 350 g of mackerel, and to write both in grams we first need to know how many grams make one kilogram. Heavy things are usually weighed in kg and light things in g.
Example: a bag of sugar is 1 kg and a packet of biscuits is 200 g.
Watch out: for mass the magic number is 1 000, not the 100 we use for length.
Kilogram dan gram
1 kg = 1 000 g
Satu pemberat 1 kg sama berat dengan 10 pemberat 100 g
1 kg = 1 000 g · 1 000 g = 1 kg
1 公斤 = 1 kilogram；1 000 克 = 1 000 gram
把一个 1 kg 的砝码换成 100 g 的小砝码，要 10 个才一样重。10 个 100 g 合起来是 1 000 g，所以 1 kg = 1 000 g。可以联想数位：1 000 就是一个千，正好对应 1 公斤。
例子：一包 1 kg 的面粉，也可以说是 1 000 g 面粉。
注意：常有人以为 1 kg = 100 g，那是把长度的 1 m = 100 cm 搬过来了，不对。
1 kilogram = 1 kilogram; 1 000 grams = 1 000 gram
If we swap a 1 kg weight for 100 g weights, we need 10 of them to balance it. Ten lots of 100 g make 1 000 g, so 1 kg = 1 000 g. Think of place value: 1 000 is one thousand, which matches one kilogram.
Example: a 1 kg bag of flour can also be called 1 000 g of flour.
Watch out: some pupils think 1 kg = 100 g because they mix it up with 1 m = 100 cm; that is wrong for mass.
Baca jisim pada penimbang
Perhatikan setiap senggatan 100 g. Pilih bacaan bagi tiga barang.
秤 = penimbang；质量 = jisim；每格 = setiap senggatan
实验台的秤盘刻度每一小格表示 100 g。先看大刻度，再数指针多走了几小格；超过 1 000 g 时，把完整的一千写成 1 kg，剩下的写成 g。完成米、面粉和水果三种读数。
例子：指针在 1 000 g 后再走两小格，就是 1 200 g，也可写成 1 kg 200 g。
注意：不要把一小格误读成 1 kg，要先看每格单位。
scale = penimbang; mass = jisim; each division = setiap senggatan
Each small division on the lab scale represents 100 g. Start from a labelled major mark and count the extra divisions reached by the pointer. Above 1 000 g, write each complete thousand as 1 kg and the rest in grams. Complete readings for rice, flour and fruit.
Example: two small divisions after 1 000 g give 1 200 g, also written as 1 kg 200 g.
Watch out: do not read one small division as 1 kg; always check the value of each division first.
Semak makmal
Setiap senggatan kecil pada penimbang mewakili berapa?
小刻度 = senggatan kecil；代表 = mewakili
题目问秤盘相邻两个小刻度之间表示多少质量。回想实验台圆盘中央的提示，并比较从一个大数值走到下一个大数值需要经过几格。请选择单格的数值，不是整个物件的重量。
例子：如果连续走三小格，就把单格的数值加三次。
注意：单位必须连同数字一起看，g 和 kg 相差一千倍。
small division = senggatan kecil; represents = mewakili
The question asks how much mass lies between two neighbouring small marks on the scale. Recall the note in the centre of the lab dial and compare how many divisions lead from one major value to the next. Choose the value of one division, not the mass of a whole object.
Example: moving across three small divisions means adding the one-division value three times.
Watch out: read the unit with the number because grams and kilograms differ by a factor of one thousand.
Cuba
1 kg = ? g
公斤化克 = tukar kg kepada g
刚才看到 10 个 100 g 的砝码才等于 1 kg，10 × 100 = 1 000，所以 1 kg = 1 000 g。这个数要记牢，后面的加减乘除都要用到它。
例子：半公斤就是 1 000 g 的一半，也就是 500 g。
注意：100 g 只是 1 kg 的十分之一，一包 100 g 的花生比 1 kg 轻很多。
changing kg to g = tukar kg kepada g
We just saw that ten 100 g weights are needed to make 1 kg, and 10 × 100 = 1 000, so 1 kg = 1 000 g. Learn this number well because every later lesson on adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing mass depends on it.
Example: half a kilogram is half of 1 000 g, which is 500 g.
Watch out: 100 g is only one tenth of 1 kg; a 100 g packet of peanuts is much lighter than 1 kg.
kg → g
3 kg = 3 000 g
Darab 1 000, kemudian tambah gram yang ada
kg
3 kg
→
g
3 × 1 000
= 3 000 g
= 3 000 g
kg dan g
4 kg 250 g
→
g
4 000 + 250
= 4 250 g
= 4 250 g
公斤化成克 = kg kepada g；乘 1 000 = darab 1 000
只有公斤时，乘 1 000 就得到克：3 kg × 1 000 = 3 000 g，就是在 3 后面加三个 0。有公斤也有克时，先把公斤化成克，再加上原来的克：4 kg 250 g → 4 000 g + 250 g = 4 250 g。
例子：6 kg 125 g → 6 000 + 125 = 6 125 g。
注意：别只把数字连起来写成 4250 kg，单位要变成 g。
kilograms to grams = kg kepada g; multiply by 1 000 = darab 1 000
When there are only kilograms, multiply by 1 000 to get grams: 3 kg × 1 000 = 3 000 g, which is the same as writing three zeros after the 3. When there are kilograms and grams, change the kilograms first and then add the grams already there: 4 kg 250 g → 4 000 g + 250 g = 4 250 g.
Example: 6 kg 125 g → 6 000 + 125 = 6 125 g.
Watch out: the unit of the answer must become g; do not write 4250 kg.
Cuba
5 kg 80 g = ? g
带零的克数 = gram ada sifar
5 kg = 5 000 g，再加 80 g：5 000 + 80 = 5 080 g。80 只有两位，所以写在千位后面时，百位要补一个 0。
例子：2 kg 60 g = 2 000 + 60 = 2 060 g。
注意：5 800 g 是把 80 g 当成 800 g；580 g 是把 5 kg 当成 500 g，两个都错。
grams with a zero = gram ada sifar
5 kg = 5 000 g, then add 80 g: 5 000 + 80 = 5 080 g. Since 80 has only two digits, the hundreds place gets a 0 when it sits after the thousands.
Example: 2 kg 60 g = 2 000 + 60 = 2 060 g.
Watch out: 5 800 g treats 80 g as 800 g, and 580 g treats 5 kg as 500 g; both are wrong.
g → kg
3 470 g = 3 kg 470 g
Asingkan ribu gram, setiap 1 000 g = 1 kg
g
6 000 g
→
kg
6 000 ÷ 1 000
= 6 kg
= 6 kg
g
3 470 g
→
kg dan g
3 000 g + 470 g
= 3 kg 470 g
= 3 kg 470 g
克化成公斤 = g kepada kg；拆分 = cerakin
克化成公斤要看里面有几个 1 000 g。6 000 g 里有 6 个 1 000，所以是 6 kg。3 470 g 不是整千，就拆成 3 000 g 和 470 g：3 000 g 是 3 kg，剩下的 470 g 照写，答案 3 kg 470 g。
例子：8 615 g = 8 000 g + 615 g = 8 kg 615 g。
注意：千位上的数就是公斤数，后面三位是克数。
grams to kilograms = g kepada kg; split = cerakin
To change grams into kilograms, count how many lots of 1 000 g there are. 6 000 g holds six lots of 1 000, so it is 6 kg. 3 470 g is not a whole number of thousands, so split it into 3 000 g and 470 g: 3 000 g is 3 kg and the 470 g stays as it is, giving 3 kg 470 g.
Example: 8 615 g = 8 000 g + 615 g = 8 kg 615 g.
Watch out: the thousands digit tells the kilograms and the last three digits tell the grams.
Cuba
6 008 g = ?
看清中间的零 = perhati sifar di tengah
6 008 g 拆成 6 000 g 和 8 g。6 000 g 是 6 kg，剩下的只有 8 g，所以答案是 6 kg 8 g。中间的两个 0 表示没有百克、没有十克。
例子：3 040 g = 3 000 g + 40 g = 3 kg 40 g。
注意：6 kg 800 g 把 8 搬到了百位；60 kg 8 g 把千位看成了万位。
notice the zeros in the middle = perhati sifar di tengah
Split 6 008 g into 6 000 g and 8 g. 6 000 g is 6 kg and only 8 g are left, so the answer is 6 kg 8 g. The two zeros in the middle mean there are no hundreds and no tens of grams.
Example: 3 040 g = 3 000 g + 40 g = 3 kg 40 g.
Watch out: 6 kg 800 g moves the 8 into the hundreds, and 60 kg 8 g reads the thousands as ten-thousands.
Hati-hati dengan sifar
2 kg 5 g · 2 kg 50 g · 2 kg 500 g
Gram ditulis dengan tiga digit selepas ribu
| kg dan g | g |
|---|---|
| 2 kg 5 g | 2 005 g |
| 2 kg 50 g | 2 050 g |
| 2 kg 500 g | 2 500 g |
Selepas ribu, gram sentiasa ada tiga tempat: ratus, puluh, sa
三个位置 = tiga tempat；补零 = tulis sifar
公斤化成克时，千位后面要留三个位置给克：百位、十位、个位。5 g 只有一位，要写成 005；50 g 写成 050；500 g 刚好三位。所以 2 kg 5 g = 2 005 g，2 kg 50 g = 2 050 g，2 kg 500 g = 2 500 g，三个数很不一样。
例子：7 kg 9 g = 7 009 g；7 kg 90 g = 7 090 g。
注意：漏写 0 会把 2 kg 5 g 写成 25 g，差了很多。
three places = tiga tempat; writing zeros = tulis sifar
When kilograms become grams, three places follow the thousands for the grams: hundreds, tens and ones. 5 g has one digit, so it becomes 005; 50 g becomes 050; 500 g already fills three places. So 2 kg 5 g = 2 005 g, 2 kg 50 g = 2 050 g and 2 kg 500 g = 2 500 g, three very different masses.
Example: 7 kg 9 g = 7 009 g; 7 kg 90 g = 7 090 g.
Watch out: leaving out the zeros turns 2 kg 5 g into 25 g, which is far too light.
Cuba
Sebiji tembikai berjisim 2 kg 400 g. Berapakah jisimnya dalam gram?
生活中的换算 = tukar unit dalam kehidupan
西瓜 2 kg 400 g，化成克：2 kg = 2 000 g，再加 400 g，2 000 + 400 = 2 400 g。400 本来就是三位数，直接接在 2 后面。
例子：一只鸡 1 kg 900 g = 1 900 g。
注意：2 040 g 把 400 g 看成了 40 g；240 g 把 2 kg 看成了 200 g。
converting in daily life = tukar unit dalam kehidupan
The watermelon is 2 kg 400 g. In grams, 2 kg = 2 000 g, and adding 400 g gives 2 000 + 400 = 2 400 g. Since 400 already has three digits, it simply follows the 2.
Example: a chicken of 1 kg 900 g weighs 1 900 g.
Watch out: 2 040 g reads 400 g as 40 g, and 240 g reads 2 kg as only 200 g.
Padankan
Jisim yang sama
配对相等的质量 = padankan jisim yang sama
7 kg × 1 000 = 7 000 g。1 kg 90 g = 1 000 + 90 = 1 090 g。4 600 g 拆成 4 000 g 和 600 g，是 4 kg 600 g。9 030 g 拆成 9 000 g 和 30 g，是 9 kg 30 g。
例子：5 kg 700 g 和 5 700 g 是同一个质量，只是单位不同。
注意：1 090 和 1 900 很像，要看清 9 在十位还是百位。
matching equal masses = padankan jisim yang sama
7 kg × 1 000 = 7 000 g. 1 kg 90 g = 1 000 + 90 = 1 090 g. 4 600 g splits into 4 000 g and 600 g, which is 4 kg 600 g. 9 030 g splits into 9 000 g and 30 g, which is 9 kg 30 g.
Example: 5 kg 700 g and 5 700 g are the same mass written with different units.
Watch out: 1 090 and 1 900 look alike, so check whether the 9 is in the tens or the hundreds.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
1 kg = 1 000 g
kg → g: darab 1 000 dan tambah gram. g → kg: asingkan ribu. Gram ditulis dengan tiga tempat selepas ribu.
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