Unit 13
Relaks Minda
Cabaran Lima Pintu Masa!
Setiap pintu dikunci dengan satu soalan tentang masa. Jawab dengan betul untuk membuka pintu dan pergi ke pintu seterusnya.
Mula-mula, ingat semula perkaitan unit masa.
放松一下 = relaks minda；闯关 = cabaran；门 = pintu
这一课用闯关游戏复习整章的时间单位。一共 5 道门，每道门锁着一题，答对才能开门，走到下一道。题目会用到年和月、星期和天、小时和分钟、分钟和秒的关系，也会有时间的加减乘除。开始前先复习一次单位关系，把它们记熟。
例子：第 1 道门问 3 minggu 有几天，答 21 hari 才能开门。
注意：每种单位的进率不一样，月是 12、天是 7、分钟和秒是 60，不要全部当成 60。
relax your mind = relaks minda; challenge = cabaran; door = pintu
This unit reviews the whole chapter as a door game. There are 5 doors, each locked by one question, and only a correct answer opens the door to the next. The questions use the links between years and months, weeks and days, hours and minutes, and minutes and seconds, plus adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing time. Before starting, go over the unit facts once more so they stick.
Example: door 1 asks how many days are in 3 minggu; only 21 hari opens it.
Watch out: each pair of units uses its own number, 12 for months, 7 for days and 60 for minutes and seconds, so do not treat them all as 60.
Perkaitan unit
Kenali perkaitan masa
Baca, kemudian hafal
Unit besar → unit kecil: darab
Unit kecil → unit besar: bahagi
Unit kecil → unit besar: bahagi
| unit besar | unit kecil | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 tahun | = | 12 bulan |
| 1 minggu | = | 7 hari |
| 1 jam | = | 60 minit |
| 1 minit | = | 60 saat |
时间单位关系 = perkaitan masa；年 = tahun；月 = bulan；星期 = minggu
这一屏列出四个时间单位关系：一年 12 个月，一星期 7 天，一小时 60 分钟，一分钟 60 秒。大单位换小单位就乘这个数，小单位换回大单位就看里面有几个这个数。记熟了，闯关时就不用想太久。
例子：2 tahun = 2 × 12 = 24 bulan；3 minggu = 3 × 7 = 21 hari。
注意：jam 和 minit 都是 60，但 minggu 和 hari 是 7，题目里的单位要看清楚。
links between time units = perkaitan masa; year = tahun; month = bulan; week = minggu
This screen lists four time facts: a year has 12 months, a week has 7 days, an hour has 60 minutes and a minute has 60 seconds. To change a big unit into a small one, multiply by that number; to change back, see how many of that number fit inside. Once these are learnt, each door goes quickly.
Example: 2 tahun = 2 × 12 = 24 bulan; 3 minggu = 3 × 7 = 21 hari.
Watch out: hours and minutes both use 60, but weeks and days use 7, so read the units carefully.
Pintu 1
3 minggu = ? hari
星期化成天 = tukar minggu kepada hari
1 minggu 有 7 天，3 minggu 就是 3 个 7：3 × 7 = 21 hari。10 hari 是把 3 和 7 加起来；30 hari 是把一星期当成 10 天。开了第 1 道门！
例子：5 minggu = 5 × 7 = 35 hari。
注意：星期换天乘 7，不是乘 10，也不是乘 60。
weeks to days = tukar minggu kepada hari
1 minggu has 7 days, so 3 minggu is three 7s: 3 × 7 = 21 hari. 10 hari adds 3 and 7 instead, and 30 hari pretends a week has 10 days. Door 1 is open!
Example: 5 minggu = 5 × 7 = 35 hari.
Watch out: weeks to days means multiplying by 7, not by 10 and not by 60.
Pintu 2
2 jam 15 minit = ? minit
复名数化成分钟 = tukar kepada minit
先把 2 jam 换成分钟：2 × 60 = 120 minit，再加上后面的 15 minit：120 + 15 = 135 minit。215 minit 是把数字直接接起来，好像 1 jam 是 100 minit；120 minit 是忘了加 15。第 2 道门开了！
例子：1 jam 40 minit = 60 + 40 = 100 minit。
注意：复名数的两部分都要算进去。
a mixed time in minutes = tukar kepada minit
First turn 2 jam into minutes: 2 × 60 = 120 minit, then add the 15 minit: 120 + 15 = 135 minit. 215 minit just writes the digits side by side, as if an hour had 100 minutes, and 120 minit forgets the 15. Door 2 is open!
Example: 1 jam 40 minit = 60 + 40 = 100 minit.
Watch out: both parts of a mixed time must be counted.
Pintu 3
Padankan masa yang sama
配对相等的时间 = padankan masa yang sama
四把钥匙各配一个一样长的时间：1 tahun 是 12 bulan；2 minit 是 2 × 60 = 120 saat；4 minggu 是 4 × 7 = 28 hari；90 minit 里有一个 60，还剩 30，所以是 1 jam 30 minit。四对都配好，第 3 道门就开了。
例子：3 tahun = 36 bulan；150 saat = 2 minit 30 saat。
注意：90 minit 不是 9 jam，也不是 1 jam 90 minit。
matching equal times = padankan masa yang sama
Each of the four keys goes with a time of the same length: 1 tahun is 12 bulan; 2 minit is 2 × 60 = 120 saat; 4 minggu is 4 × 7 = 28 hari; 90 minit holds one 60 with 30 left, so it is 1 jam 30 minit. With all four pairs matched, door 3 opens.
Example: 3 tahun = 36 bulan; 150 saat = 2 minit 30 saat.
Watch out: 90 minit is not 9 jam, and not 1 jam 90 minit either.
Pintu 4
1 jam 40 minit + 35 minit = ?
加时间要进位 = tambah masa dengan kumpul semula
先加 minit：40 + 35 = 75 minit。75 minit 超过 60，拿出 60 变成 1 jam，还剩 15 minit。jam：1 + 1 = 2。答案 2 jam 15 minit。1 jam 75 minit 是没有进位；2 jam 5 minit 是进位后剩下的分钟算错了。
例子：2 jam 50 minit + 20 minit → 70 minit → 3 jam 10 minit。
注意：进位后剩下的分钟是“总分钟减 60”。
adding time with regrouping = tambah masa dengan kumpul semula
Add the minutes first: 40 + 35 = 75 minit. 75 is more than 60, so take 60 out as 1 hour, leaving 15 minutes. Hours: 1 + 1 = 2. The answer is 2 jam 15 minit. 1 jam 75 minit never regroups, and 2 jam 5 minit gets the leftover minutes wrong.
Example: 2 jam 50 minit + 20 minit → 70 minutes → 3 jam 10 minit.
Watch out: the minutes left after regrouping are the total minutes minus 60.
Pintu 5 · pintu terakhir
3 minit 20 saat × 3 = ?
乘时间 = darab masa
先乘秒：20 × 3 = 60 saat，刚好是 1 minit，秒的位置变成 0。再乘分钟：3 × 3 = 9，加上进来的 1，是 10 minit。答案 10 minit。9 minit 是忘了 60 saat 要进成 1 minit；10 minit 20 saat 是进位了却还留着 20 saat。五道门全开了！
例子：1 minit 30 saat × 2 → 60 saat = 1 minit → 3 minit。
注意：60 saat 刚好进 1，秒数写 0，所以答案只写分钟。
multiplying time = darab masa
Multiply the seconds first: 20 × 3 = 60 saat, exactly 1 minute, leaving 0 seconds. Then the minutes: 3 × 3 = 9, plus the 1 carried, makes 10 minit. The answer is 10 minit. 9 minit forgets that 60 seconds become 1 minute, and 10 minit 20 saat carries but keeps the 20 seconds as well. All five doors are open!
Example: 1 minit 30 saat × 2 → 60 seconds = 1 minute → 3 minit.
Watch out: 60 seconds carry exactly 1 and leave 0, so the answer is in minutes only.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
12 bulan · 7 hari · 60 minit · 60 saat
Setahun 12 bulan, seminggu 7 hari, sejam 60 minit, seminit 60 saat. Unit besar ke unit kecil: darab. Bila tambah atau darab, kumpul semula; bila tolak, pinjam ikut nombor unit itu.
Latihan tambahan →