Unit 10
Bahagi Masa
Kelab robotik ada 156 minit masa bengkel. Masa itu dibahagi sama banyak kepada 4 kumpulan.
Berapa minitkah setiap kumpulan mendapat masa?
时间除法 = bahagi masa；平均分 = sama banyak
这一课学把一段时间平均分成几份。机器人社有 156 分钟的工作坊时间，平均分给 4 组，每组多久，就是 156 minit ÷ 4。这一课的题目都刚好除尽。
例子：20 minit 平均分成 4 段，每段 5 minit。
注意：题目用 minit，答案也用 minit，不用换成 jam。
dividing time = bahagi masa; equal shares = sama banyak
In this unit we split a length of time into equal parts. The robotics club has 156 minutes of workshop time shared equally among 4 groups, so each group gets 156 minit ÷ 4. Every question in this unit divides exactly.
Example: 20 minit split into 4 equal parts gives 5 minit each.
Watch out: the question is in minit, so the answer stays in minit; there is no need to change it into jam.
Bahagi cara panjang
156 minit ÷ 4
Jawapan kekal dalam minit
| 3 | 9 | ||
| 4) | 1 | 5 | 6 |
15 ÷ 4 = 3 baki 3 → 36 ÷ 4 = 9 → 39 minit
长除法 = bahagi cara panjang
156 ÷ 4：百位 1 不够 4 除，就看 15。15 ÷ 4 = 3，因为 3 × 4 = 12，15 − 12 = 3。把 6 拿下来，变成 36，36 ÷ 4 = 9，刚好除尽。答案 39 minit，每组 39 分钟。
例子：132 saat ÷ 4 = 33 saat。
注意：中间的余数 3 不可以丢掉，要跟下一位合成 36 再除。
long division = bahagi cara panjang
156 ÷ 4: the hundreds digit 1 is too small, so look at 15. 15 ÷ 4 = 3 because 3 × 4 = 12, and 15 − 12 = 3. Bring down the 6 to make 36, and 36 ÷ 4 = 9 exactly. The answer is 39 minit for each group.
Example: 132 saat ÷ 4 = 33 saat.
Watch out: do not drop the remainder 3 in the middle; it joins the next digit to make 36 before dividing again.
Cuba
84 jam ÷ 3 = ?
| ? | ? | |
| 3) | 8 | 4 |
小时的长除法 = bahagi jam
8 ÷ 3 = 2，余 2；把 4 拿下来变成 24，24 ÷ 3 = 8。答案 28 jam。验算：28 × 3 = 84。
例子：56 jam ÷ 8 = 7 jam。
注意：21 jam 是把余数 2 丢了，只算 4 ÷ 3；81 jam 是做成 84 − 3。
long division of hours = bahagi jam
8 ÷ 3 = 2 remainder 2; bring down the 4 to make 24, and 24 ÷ 3 = 8. The answer is 28 jam. Check: 28 × 3 = 84.
Example: 56 jam ÷ 8 = 7 jam.
Watch out: 21 jam drops the remainder 2 and only works out 4 ÷ 3, while 81 jam is 84 − 3.
Tolak berturut-turut
42 minit ÷ 7
Tolak 7 sehingga tinggal 0
| Kali | Tolak | Tinggal |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 42 − 7 | 35 |
| 2 | 35 − 7 | 28 |
| 3 | 28 − 7 | 21 |
| 4 | 21 − 7 | 14 |
| 5 | 14 − 7 | 7 |
| 6 | 7 − 7 | 0 |
Tolak 7 sebanyak 6 kali → 42 minit ÷ 7 = 6 minit
连续减 = tolak berturut-turut
除法也可以用连续减：从 42 开始，每次减 7：35、28、21、14、7、0。一共减了 6 次才变成 0，所以 42 minit ÷ 7 = 6 minit。减了几次，商就是几。
例子：36 saat ÷ 6 → 30、24、18、12、6、0 → 6 次 → 6 saat。
注意：要减到刚好是 0 才停，然后数一数减了几次，不是看最后的数。
repeated subtraction = tolak berturut-turut
Division can also be done by subtracting again and again: start at 42 and take away 7 each time: 35, 28, 21, 14, 7, 0. It takes 6 subtractions to reach 0, so 42 minit ÷ 7 = 6 minit. The number of subtractions is the answer.
Example: 36 saat ÷ 6 → 30, 24, 18, 12, 6, 0 → 6 times → 6 saat.
Watch out: keep going until you reach exactly 0, then count how many times you subtracted, not the last number you wrote.
Semak dengan darab
39 minit × 4 = 156 minit
Hasil bahagi × pembahagi = nombor asal
Bahagi
156 ÷ 4 = 39
Semak
39 × 4 = 156 ✓
6 × 7 = 42 ✓ · 39 × 4 = 156 ✓
用乘法验算 = semak dengan darab
除法和乘法是一对。156 minit ÷ 4 = 39 minit，验算时算 39 × 4：9 × 4 = 36，写 6 进 3；3 × 4 = 12，加 3 得 15，得到 156，跟原来的数一样，答案就对了。刚才的 42 ÷ 7 = 6 也一样：6 × 7 = 42。
例子：117 saat ÷ 3 = 39 saat，因为 39 × 3 = 117。
注意：乘回来不等于原来的数，就要回去找哪一步错了。
checking with multiplication = semak dengan darab
Division and multiplication are partners. Since 156 minit ÷ 4 = 39 minit, check with 39 × 4: 9 × 4 = 36, write 6 and carry 3; 3 × 4 = 12, plus 3 makes 15, giving 156, the number we started with, so the answer is right. The same works for 42 ÷ 7 = 6, because 6 × 7 = 42.
Example: 117 saat ÷ 3 = 39 saat, because 39 × 3 = 117.
Watch out: if multiplying back does not give the starting number, go back and find the step that went wrong.
Cuba
486 saat ÷ 6 = ?
| ? | ? | ? | |
| 6) | 4 | 8 | 6 |
秒的长除法 = bahagi saat
4 不够 6 除，看 48：48 ÷ 6 = 8；再把 6 拿下来，6 ÷ 6 = 1。答案 81 saat。验算：81 × 6 = 486。
例子：75 saat ÷ 5 = 15 saat。
注意：8 minit 1 saat 是把 81 拆成 8 和 1，答案应该保留 saat；71 saat 是 48 ÷ 6 算错了。
long division of seconds = bahagi saat
4 is too small for 6, so look at 48: 48 ÷ 6 = 8; bring down the 6, and 6 ÷ 6 = 1. The answer is 81 saat. Check: 81 × 6 = 486.
Example: 75 saat ÷ 5 = 15 saat.
Watch out: 8 minit 1 saat splits 81 into 8 and 1, but the answer should stay in saat; 71 saat comes from getting 48 ÷ 6 wrong.
Dua unit
6 jam 48 minit ÷ 3
Bahagi setiap lajur
| jam | minit | |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | 16 | |
| 3) | 6 | 48 |
分栏除 = bahagi setiap lajur
有 jam 和 minit 两个单位时，每栏各自除以同一个数。先除 jam 栏：6 ÷ 3 = 2 jam，刚好除尽；再除 minit 栏：48 ÷ 3 = 16 minit。答案 2 jam 16 minit。验算：16 × 3 = 48，2 × 3 = 6。
例子：8 jam 24 minit ÷ 2 = 4 jam 12 minit。
注意：两栏都要除；这一课的题目每一栏都能刚好除尽。
dividing each column = bahagi setiap lajur
With two units, jam and minit, each column is divided by the same number. Hours first: 6 ÷ 3 = 2 jam exactly; then minutes: 48 ÷ 3 = 16 minit. The answer is 2 jam 16 minit. Check: 16 × 3 = 48 and 2 × 3 = 6.
Example: 8 jam 24 minit ÷ 2 = 4 jam 12 minit.
Watch out: divide both columns; in this unit every column divides exactly.
Minit dan saat
8 minit 36 saat ÷ 4
Cara yang sama: bahagi setiap lajur
| minit | saat | |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | 9 | |
| 4) | 8 | 36 |
8 ÷ 4 = 2 · 36 ÷ 4 = 9 → 2 minit 9 saat
分秒除法 = bahagi minit dan saat
分秒的做法跟时分一样，每栏各自除。minit 栏：8 ÷ 4 = 2；saat 栏：36 ÷ 4 = 9。答案 2 minit 9 saat。
例子：6 minit 30 saat ÷ 3 = 2 minit 10 saat。
注意：saat 栏的商 9 只有一位数，照样写 9 saat，不用补成 90。
dividing minutes and seconds = bahagi minit dan saat
Minutes and seconds work the same way: divide each column. Minutes: 8 ÷ 4 = 2; seconds: 36 ÷ 4 = 9. The answer is 2 minit 9 saat.
Example: 6 minit 30 saat ÷ 3 = 2 minit 10 saat.
Watch out: the seconds answer 9 has only one digit; write 9 saat, not 90.
Cuba
9 jam 54 minit ÷ 3 = ?
| jam | minit | |
|---|---|---|
| ? | ? | |
| 3) | 9 | 54 |
时分除法 = bahagi jam dan minit
jam 栏：9 ÷ 3 = 3；minit 栏：54 ÷ 3 = 18。答案 3 jam 18 minit。验算：3 jam 18 minit × 3 = 9 jam 54 minit。
例子：4 jam 28 minit ÷ 4 = 1 jam 7 minit。
注意：3 jam 54 minit 只除了 jam 栏；9 jam 18 minit 只除了 minit 栏。
dividing hours and minutes = bahagi jam dan minit
Hours: 9 ÷ 3 = 3; minutes: 54 ÷ 3 = 18. The answer is 3 jam 18 minit. Check: 3 jam 18 minit × 3 = 9 jam 54 minit.
Example: 4 jam 28 minit ÷ 4 = 1 jam 7 minit.
Watch out: 3 jam 54 minit divides only the hours, and 9 jam 18 minit divides only the minutes.
Situasi harian
Encik Ravi membaiki 2 buah basikal
4 jam 50 minit · masa yang sama untuk setiap basikal
| jam | minit | |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | 25 | |
| 2) | 4 | 50 |
4 jam 50 minit ÷ 2 = 2 jam 25 minit
生活情境 = situasi harian
修 2 辆脚车一共 4 jam 50 minit，每辆用的时间一样，就是平均分，用除法：4 jam 50 minit ÷ 2。jam 栏 4 ÷ 2 = 2，minit 栏 50 ÷ 2 = 25，每辆 2 jam 25 minit。验算：2 jam 25 minit × 2 = 4 jam 50 minit。
例子：3 节课一共 6 jam 30 minit，每节一样长 → 2 jam 10 minit。
注意：看到“一样多、平均、每个用多久”，就想到除法。
daily situation = situasi harian
Repairing 2 bicycles takes 4 jam 50 minit altogether, the same time for each, so share equally by dividing: 4 jam 50 minit ÷ 2. Hours: 4 ÷ 2 = 2; minutes: 50 ÷ 2 = 25. Each bicycle takes 2 jam 25 minit. Check: 2 jam 25 minit × 2 = 4 jam 50 minit.
Example: 3 equal lessons lasting 6 jam 30 minit altogether → 2 jam 10 minit each.
Watch out: words like the same amount, equally or how long for each one point to division.
Padankan
Hasil bahagi masa
配对商 = padankan hasil bahagi
76 ÷ 4：7 ÷ 4 = 1 余 3，36 ÷ 4 = 9，得 19 minit；4 jam 28 minit ÷ 4：4 ÷ 4 = 1，28 ÷ 4 = 7，得 1 jam 7 minit；153 ÷ 9：15 ÷ 9 = 1 余 6，63 ÷ 9 = 7，得 17 saat；6 minit 54 saat ÷ 6：6 ÷ 6 = 1，54 ÷ 6 = 9，得 1 minit 9 saat。
例子：56 saat ÷ 8 = 7 saat。
注意：1 jam 7 minit 和 1 minit 9 saat 很像，配对时要看清楚单位。
matching quotients = padankan hasil bahagi
for 76 ÷ 4, 7 ÷ 4 = 1 r 3 and 36 ÷ 4 = 9, giving 19 minit; for 4 jam 28 minit ÷ 4, 4 ÷ 4 = 1 and 28 ÷ 4 = 7, giving 1 jam 7 minit; for 153 ÷ 9, 15 ÷ 9 = 1 r 6 and 63 ÷ 9 = 7, giving 17 saat; for 6 minit 54 saat ÷ 6, 6 ÷ 6 = 1 and 54 ÷ 6 = 9, giving 1 minit 9 saat.
Example: 56 saat ÷ 8 = 7 saat.
Watch out: 1 jam 7 minit and 1 minit 9 saat look alike, so check the units carefully when matching.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
satu unit ÷ → bahagi cara panjang · dua unit ÷ → bahagi setiap lajur
Satu unit: bahagi cara panjang atau tolak berturut-turut; jawapan kekal dalam unit yang sama. Dua unit: bahagi setiap lajur. Semak jawapan dengan darab.
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