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先进位再借位 = kumpul semula, kemudian pinjam 第一步：45 + 30 = 75，写 15 进 1，1 + 1 + 2 = 4 → 4 jam 15 minit。第二步：15 不够减 50，借 1 jam，75 − 50 = 25，3 − 1 = 2 → 2 jam 25 minit。 例子：2 jam 50 minit + 20 minit − 1 jam 30 minit = 1 jam 40 minit。 注意：3 jam 25 minit 是借位后没有把 4 改成 3。

carry first, then borrow = kumpul semula, kemudian pinjam Step 1: 45 + 30 = 75, write 15 and carry 1, and 1 + 1 + 2 = 4, giving 4 jam 15 minit. Step 2: 15 cannot take away 50, so borrow 1 hour: 75 − 50 = 25 and 3 − 1 = 2, giving 2 jam 25 minit. Example: 2 jam 50 minit + 20 minit − 1 jam 30 minit = 1 jam 40 minit. Watch out: 3 jam 25 minit borrows but leaves the 4 unchanged.

先借位再进位 = pinjam, kemudian kumpul semula 第一步减：10 不够减 40，借 1 jam，70 − 40 = 30，5 − 2 = 3 → 3 jam 30 minit。第二步加：30 + 55 = 85，写 25 进 1，1 + 3 + 1 = 5 → 5 jam 25 minit。 例子：3 jam − 1 jam 30 minit + 45 minit = 2 jam 15 minit。 注意：1 jam 35 minit 是先把 2 jam 40 minit 和 1 jam 55 minit 加起来再减，次序错了。

borrow first, then carry = pinjam, kemudian kumpul semula Step 1 subtracts: 10 cannot take away 40, so borrow 1 hour: 70 − 40 = 30 and 5 − 2 = 3, giving 3 jam 30 minit. Step 2 adds: 30 + 55 = 85, write 25 and carry 1, and 1 + 3 + 1 = 5, giving 5 jam 25 minit. Example: 3 jam − 1 jam 30 minit + 45 minit = 2 jam 15 minit. Watch out: 1 jam 35 minit comes from adding 2 jam 40 minit and 1 jam 55 minit first, which breaks the order.

分秒两步 = dua langkah minit dan saat 第一步：35 + 40 = 75 saat，写 15 进 1，1 + 8 + 4 = 13 → 13 minit 15 saat。第二步：15 不够减 50，借 1 minit，75 − 50 = 25，12 − 6 = 6 → 6 minit 25 saat。 例子：5 minit 30 saat + 1 minit 45 saat − 2 minit = 5 minit 15 saat。 注意：第一步的 13 minit 借位后变成 12 minit。

two steps with minutes and seconds = dua langkah minit dan saat Step 1: 35 + 40 = 75 seconds, write 15 and carry 1, and 1 + 8 + 4 = 13, giving 13 minit 15 saat. Step 2: 15 cannot take away 50, so borrow 1 minute: 75 − 50 = 25 and 12 − 6 = 6, giving 6 minit 25 saat. Example: 5 minit 30 saat + 1 minit 45 saat − 2 minit = 5 minit 15 saat. Watch out: after borrowing, the 13 minutes from step 1 become 12 minutes.

分秒先减后加 = tolak dahulu dengan saat 第一步：5 不够减 30，借 1 minit，65 − 30 = 35，14 − 7 = 7 → 7 minit 35 saat。第二步：35 + 45 = 80 saat，写 20 进 1，1 + 7 + 2 = 10 → 10 minit 20 saat。 例子：4 minit 10 saat − 1 minit 40 saat + 50 saat = 3 minit 20 saat。 注意：4 minit 50 saat 是先加后面再减，没有照左到右。

minutes and seconds, subtract first = tolak dahulu dengan saat Step 1: 5 cannot take away 30, so borrow 1 minute: 65 − 30 = 35 and 14 − 7 = 7, giving 7 minit 35 saat. Step 2: 35 + 45 = 80 seconds, write 20 and carry 1, and 1 + 7 + 2 = 10, giving 10 minit 20 saat. Example: 4 minit 10 saat − 1 minit 40 saat + 50 saat = 3 minit 20 saat. Watch out: 4 minit 50 saat adds the right-hand times first instead of going left to right.

单位相同的加减 = tambah tolak satu unit 第一步：55 + 35 = 90 minit。第二步：90 − 40 = 50 minit。50 不到 60，答案就写 50 minit。 例子：25 minit + 50 minit − 15 minit = 60 minit = 1 jam。 注意：中间的 90 minit 不用急着换成 jam，算完再看要不要换。

adding and subtracting one unit = tambah tolak satu unit Step 1: 55 + 35 = 90 minutes. Step 2: 90 − 40 = 50 minutes. Since 50 is below 60, the answer stays as 50 minit. Example: 25 minit + 50 minit − 15 minit = 60 minit = 1 jam. Watch out: there is no need to change the middle answer of 90 minutes into hours; decide at the end.