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一个单位相减 = tolak satu unit 只有 minit：45 − 28。个位 5 不够减 8，向十位借 1，15 − 8 = 7；十位 3 − 2 = 1。答案 17 minit。 例子：52 minit − 36 minit = 16 minit。 注意：这里是普通减法的借位（借 10），因为两个数都只是 minit。

subtracting one unit = tolak satu unit Only minutes here: 45 − 28. In the ones, 5 cannot take away 8, so borrow from the tens: 15 − 8 = 7, and the tens give 3 − 2 = 1. The answer is 17 minit. Example: 52 minit − 36 minit = 16 minit. Watch out: this is the ordinary borrow of 10, because both numbers are just minutes.

够减不借 = cukup, tidak pinjam minit：40 − 15 = 25，够减。jam：5 − 2 = 3。答案 3 jam 25 minit。 例子：4 jam 50 minit − 1 jam 20 minit = 3 jam 30 minit。 注意：够减的时候不要借位，借了反而会少 1 jam。

enough, so no borrowing = cukup, tidak pinjam Minutes: 40 − 15 = 25, and there is enough. Hours: 5 − 2 = 3. The answer is 3 jam 25 minit. Example: 4 jam 50 minit − 1 jam 20 minit = 3 jam 30 minit. Watch out: do not borrow when there is enough, or you will lose an hour for nothing.

借 1 jam = pinjam 1 jam 20 不够减 45，借 1 jam：6 变 5，minit 变 80。80 − 45 = 35。jam：5 − 3 = 2。答案 2 jam 35 minit。 例子：4 jam 25 minit − 2 jam 50 minit → 85 − 50 = 35 → 3 − 2 = 1 → 1 jam 35 minit。 注意：3 jam 35 minit 是借了位却忘了把 6 改成 5。

borrowing an hour = pinjam 1 jam 20 cannot take away 45, so borrow 1 hour: 6 becomes 5 and the minutes become 80. Then 80 − 45 = 35, and 5 − 3 = 2. The answer is 2 jam 35 minit. Example: 4 jam 25 minit − 2 jam 50 minit → 85 − 50 = 35 → 3 − 2 = 1 → 1 jam 35 minit. Watch out: 3 jam 35 minit borrows but forgets to change the 6 into 5.

秒不够减 = saat tidak cukup 10 saat 不够减 35 saat，借 1 minit：8 变 7，saat 变 70。70 − 35 = 35。minit：7 − 2 = 5。答案 5 minit 35 saat。 例子：3 minit 15 saat − 1 minit 40 saat → 75 − 40 = 35 → 1 minit 35 saat。 注意：5 minit 75 saat 是把借来的当成 100。

not enough seconds = saat tidak cukup 10 seconds cannot take away 35 seconds, so borrow 1 minute: 8 becomes 7 and the seconds become 70. Then 70 − 35 = 35, and 7 − 2 = 5. The answer is 5 minit 35 saat. Example: 3 minit 15 saat − 1 minit 40 saat → 75 − 40 = 35 → 1 minit 35 saat. Watch out: 5 minit 75 saat treats the borrowed minute as 100.

整小时减 = tolak daripada jam genap 4 jam 写成 4 jam 0 minit。0 不够减 25，借 1 jam：4 变 3，minit 变 60。60 − 25 = 35。jam：3 − 1 = 2。答案 2 jam 35 minit。 例子：2 jam − 45 minit = 1 jam 15 minit。 注意：minit 栏是 0 的时候一定要借位。

subtracting from whole hours = tolak daripada jam genap Write 4 jam as 4 jam 0 minit. 0 cannot take away 25, so borrow 1 hour: 4 becomes 3 and the minutes become 60. Then 60 − 25 = 35, and 3 − 1 = 2. The answer is 2 jam 35 minit. Example: 2 jam − 45 minit = 1 jam 15 minit. Watch out: a 0 in the minute column always means you must borrow.

两位数的分秒借位 = pinjam dengan minit dua digit 5 不够减 48，借 1 minit：15 变 14，saat 变 65。65 − 48 = 17。minit：14 − 9 = 5。答案 5 minit 17 saat。 例子：12 minit 10 saat − 4 minit 25 saat → 70 − 25 = 45 → 11 − 4 = 7 → 7 minit 45 saat。 注意：6 minit 17 saat 忘了 15 要先变成 14。

borrowing with two-digit minutes = pinjam dengan minit dua digit 5 cannot take away 48, so borrow 1 minute: 15 becomes 14 and the seconds become 65. Then 65 − 48 = 17, and 14 − 9 = 5. The answer is 5 minit 17 saat. Example: 12 minit 10 saat − 4 minit 25 saat → 70 − 25 = 45 → 11 − 4 = 7 → 7 minit 45 saat. Watch out: 6 minit 17 saat forgets that 15 first becomes 14.

连减两次 = tolak dua kali 先 58 − 14 = 44 saat，再 44 − 26 = 18 saat。答案 18 saat。 例子：45 saat − 10 saat − 15 saat = 20 saat。 注意：40 saat 只是 14 + 26，那是要减掉的总数，不是答案。

subtracting twice = tolak dua kali First 58 − 14 = 44 seconds, then 44 − 26 = 18 seconds. The answer is 18 saat. Example: 45 saat − 10 saat − 15 saat = 20 saat. Watch out: 40 saat is just 14 + 26, the total taken away, not the answer.

两步借位 = pinjam dalam dua langkah 第一步：15 不够减 30，借 1 jam，75 − 30 = 45，8 − 2 = 6 → 6 jam 45 minit。第二步：45 不够减 50，再借 1 jam，105 − 50 = 55，5 − 1 = 4 → 4 jam 55 minit。 例子：5 jam − 1 jam 20 minit − 1 jam 10 minit = 2 jam 30 minit。 注意：两步都可能要借位，每一步都要重新检查。

borrowing in two steps = pinjam dalam dua langkah Step 1: 15 cannot take away 30, so borrow 1 hour: 75 − 30 = 45 and 8 − 2 = 6, giving 6 jam 45 minit. Step 2: 45 cannot take away 50, so borrow again: 105 − 50 = 55 and 5 − 1 = 4, giving 4 jam 55 minit. Example: 5 jam − 1 jam 20 minit − 1 jam 10 minit = 2 jam 30 minit. Watch out: both steps may need borrowing, so check again at every step.

用加法验算 = semak dengan tambah 减法的答案加上减去的数，要回到原来的数。2 jam 35 minit + 3 jam 45 minit：35 + 45 = 80 = 1 jam 20 minit，2 + 3 + 1 = 6，得 6 jam 20 minit，对了。 例子：验 1 jam 45 minit：1 jam 45 minit + 1 jam 30 minit = 3 jam 15 minit。 注意：验算时是答案加减数，不是答案加被减数。

checking with addition = semak dengan tambah The answer of a subtraction plus the amount taken away must bring us back to the starting number. 2 jam 35 minit + 3 jam 45 minit: 35 + 45 = 80 = 1 jam 20 minit, and 2 + 3 + 1 = 6, giving 6 jam 20 minit, so it is correct. Example: to check 1 jam 45 minit, work out 1 jam 45 minit + 1 jam 30 minit = 3 jam 15 minit. Watch out: add the answer to the number taken away, not to the starting number.

减纯分钟 = tolak minit sahaja 50 minit 写在 minit 栏。10 不够减 50，借 1 jam：3 变 2，minit 变 70。70 − 50 = 20。答案 2 jam 20 minit。 例子：1 jam 5 minit − 35 minit = 30 minit。 注意：3 jam 40 minit 是用 50 − 10 倒过来减，jam 也没变。

taking away minutes only = tolak minit sahaja 50 minit goes in the minute column. 10 cannot take away 50, so borrow 1 hour: 3 becomes 2 and the minutes become 70. Then 70 − 50 = 20. The answer is 2 jam 20 minit. Example: 1 jam 5 minit − 35 minit = 30 minit. Watch out: 3 jam 40 minit subtracts 50 − 10 the wrong way and leaves the hours unchanged.

小时相减 = tolak jam 题目只有 jam 一个单位，所以就像普通的减法一样：12 − 5 = 7 jam。上面的数比下面大，不用借位，也不用换成 minit。 例子：10 jam − 4 jam = 6 jam。 注意：17 jam 是把减号看成加号了。

subtracting hours = tolak jam There are only hours: 12 − 5 = 7 jam. There is no borrowing and no change of unit. Example: 10 jam − 4 jam = 6 jam. Watch out: 17 jam means the minus sign was read as a plus sign.

一小时减分钟 = 1 jam tolak minit 两个数的单位不一样，不能直接相减。先把 1 jam 换成 60 minit，变成同样的单位，再减：60 − 35 = 25 minit。剩下的时间不到一小时，所以答案只用分钟表示就可以了。 例子：1 jam − 10 minit = 50 minit。 注意：65 minit 是把 1 jam 当成 100 minit。

one hour minus minutes = 1 jam tolak minit First change 1 jam into 60 minutes, then subtract: 60 − 35 = 25 minit. Example: 1 jam − 10 minit = 50 minit. Watch out: 65 minit treats 1 hour as if it were 100 minutes.

横式分秒减法 = tolak minit dan saat dalam ayat 25 不够减 50，借 1 minit：7 变 6，saat 变 85。85 − 50 = 35。minit：6 − 4 = 2。答案 2 minit 35 saat。 例子：9 minit 10 saat − 3 minit 30 saat = 5 minit 40 saat。 注意：3 minit 25 saat 是用 50 − 25 倒减，也没有借位。

minutes and seconds in a line = tolak minit dan saat dalam ayat 25 cannot take away 50, so borrow 1 minute: 7 becomes 6 and the seconds become 85. Then 85 − 50 = 35, and 6 − 4 = 2. The answer is 2 minit 35 saat. Example: 9 minit 10 saat − 3 minit 30 saat = 5 minit 40 saat. Watch out: 3 minit 25 saat does 50 − 25 the wrong way and skips the borrowing.

三个时间连减 = tolak tiga tempoh 第一步：40 不够减 45，借 1 jam，100 − 45 = 55，2 − 1 = 1 → 1 jam 55 minit。第二步：1 jam 55 minit − 1 jam 5 minit = 50 minit（jam 1 − 1 = 0）。 例子：3 jam − 1 jam − 30 minit = 1 jam 30 minit。 注意：jam 减到 0 时答案只写 50 minit。

subtracting from a time twice = tolak tiga tempoh Step 1: 40 cannot take away 45, so borrow 1 hour: 100 − 45 = 55 and 2 − 1 = 1, giving 1 jam 55 minit. Step 2: 1 jam 55 minit − 1 jam 5 minit = 50 minit, since the hours give 1 − 1 = 0. Example: 3 jam − 1 jam − 30 minit = 1 jam 30 minit. Watch out: when the hours reach 0, the answer is written simply as 50 minit.

游泳时间相差 = beza masa berenang 3 minit 12 saat − 2 minit 47 saat。12 不够减 47，借 1 minit：72 − 47 = 25；minit 2 − 2 = 0。相差 25 saat。 例子：跑步 4 minit 5 saat 和 3 minit 50 saat 相差 15 saat。 注意：1 minit 35 saat 是用 47 − 12 倒减算出来的。

difference in swimming times = beza masa berenang 3 minit 12 saat − 2 minit 47 saat. 12 cannot take away 47, so borrow 1 minute: 72 − 47 = 25, and the minutes give 2 − 2 = 0. The difference is 25 saat. Example: running times of 4 minit 5 saat and 3 minit 50 saat differ by 15 saat. Watch out: 1 minit 35 saat comes from working out 47 − 12 upside down.